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Compare the theories of management
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Compare the theories of management
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In review of several significant elements of theory as it concerns theory X theory Z and theory Y. In addition, we identified the various components that help build the landscape and understanding of theory. In addition to a diverse set of views associated with theory and its relationships that guide managers as well as researchers in the development of theory and practical applications within a given area of study. However, research has unveiled a view of Theory X that workplace produces a negative effect on employee morale as well as performance (Head, 2011). Although theory X, thought to be the prescribed answer in the areas of production and provides stringent guidelines that effectively developed to meet quotas and quality, it leaves a …show more content…
Theory Y and Z are promoted as processes that motivate workers both intrinsically as well as mentally. Thus creating work life experiences that benefit both the company and the worker. However, unlike his counterpart theory X, theories Y and Z promote the idea of management looking at workers as passionate about work, which develops quality due to the existing work life quality. Additionally, workers benefit greatly within a theory Y, and Z management because of several aspects. Employees’ instinctive motivational factors intensify due to their ability to interact with management on higher levels such as being a part of informational control, group decision making, the feeling of trust, and perhaps best of all work-life balance (Head, 2011) . In order to develop a better understanding a researcher could possibly design a questionnaire to capture a number of variables to explain the existence and applicability of the various theories discussed above. Thus research of theory is created understanding about a number of quantitative and qualitative aspects associated with organizational behavior and …show more content…
Theories X, Y and a number of models of Z contain in areas such as human resource management, organizational behavior and organizational development. Theory Z, however similar to that of theory Y, in that management makes the assumption about team members or employees being motivated, but in theory Z it viewed as a strong sense of commitment and being part of something that is legitimate and real. In addition theory Z management promotes the belief that employees go beyond theory Y being self-motivated but seek out opportunities and responsibilities craving advancement as they learn. However, Theory Z is centered on growing worker devotion towards the organization by giving employment for a lifetime having a powerful concentrate on the actual well-being from the worker, each off and on the task. Based on Ouchi, Theory Z supervision has a tendency to create a view of work as constant, and performed at a higher efficiency, as well as higher worker appreciation and respect as well as delivering a filling of
When the Theory Y is focused the organization can do wonders to the employee motivational energy by,
An organization’s structure can affect its efficiency and productivity. The two main management theories are the Classic Theory and Theory X. Classical theory is defined as a management theory of a large organization in which management is led by intuition to motivate and control employees (Hamilton, 2008 p. 41). The Classic Theory can be divided into two large subgroups, scientific managers and bureaucratic theorists. Scientific manager’s focus is on reducing production costs while bureaucratic theorists focus is on administrative efficiency (Hamilton, 2008 p. 43). Although Theory X is not a large subgroup of the Classical Theory, it is under the classical theory and its crucial point is that workers are assumed lazy; therefore managers punish them to motivate them. Managers of Theory X believe that the average person; will avoid work because they do not like work, will not strive to achieve objectives, will avoid responsibilit...
Some of these concepts can be further expanded upon by sharing a recent personal experience by this essay’s author on the subject matter. A work team with long term negative work attitude challenges and unexceptional performance was transferred to this author’s scope of authority from another department in the organization. The work team was made up of three employees and a team supervisor. The team supervisor displayed attributes of a Theory X belief system and was very vocal about dislike for work. Holding true to Theory X leadership characteristics, staff on the team were closely monitored in all aspects of their daily activities by the supervisor in an autocratic manner. Cross training the staff in each other’s duties wasn’t a priority for the Theory X supervisor. Furthermore, the supervisor’s expectations of the group reaching high productivity standards and goals were
Steers, T. M., Mowday, R. T., & Shapiro, D. L. (2004). Introduction to Special Topic Forum: The Future of Work Motivation Theory. The Academy of Management Review, 29 (3), 379-387.
Employee Motivation: A Powerful New Model? Harvard Business Review. Latham G.P. and Pinder C.C. (2005). The 'Secondary' of the 'Secondary'. Work Motivation Theory and Research at the Dawn of the Twenty-First Century.
Since the end of the 19th century, when factory manufacturing became widespread and the size of organisations increased, people have been looking for ways to motivate employees and improve productivity. A need for management ideas arise which lead to classical contributors such as Frederick Taylor and Henri Fayol generating management theories such as Taylor’ Scientific Management and Fayol’s Administrative Management. In the late 1920’s and early 1930’s the Hawthorne studies were conducted where Elton Mayo was the predominate figure and contributed to the Behavioural viewpoint. This brought about a Human Relations Movement which included Douglas McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y approach. Similarities and differences can be found between the theories due to the relevant time period they were implemented, the motives or goal of the theory and how they view organisations. However the use of contingency theory can help negate the dissimilarities which occur as it allows the relevant elements from each theory to be applied to specific situations.
As with any theory, the motivator-hygiene theory has its share of criticisms. Among them is the lack of consideration for individual differences. Herzberg’s theory only takes into account internal organizational factors and does not consider personal attitudes and beliefs of one’s work. Moreover, the two-factor theory assumes that high job satisfaction equates to performance at work. This, however, does not hold true in many situations.(insert example) A highly satisfied, content, and happy worker is not necessarily the hardest worker in an organization.
Due to the changes in management patterns and advancements, there are changes that could be made to the theory to make it relevant and applicable in the contemporary management. For instance, in the fourteen principles, the inclusion of staff welfare may make the theory flexible and adaptable (Thomson 2004).
...n highly repetitive tasks which could lead to boredom and employees feeling like machinery. Third, Taylor and Weber’s systems ignored employee relationships and group dynamics which play some role in employee happiness. Both Taylor and Weber’s systems reduced worker discretion, flexibility, and motivation. Neither believed that specific employees were essential to efficiency and effectiveness and dehumanized the workers.
Levy, Paul E. Industrial Organizational Psychology. New York: Worth, 2013. Print. The. Laird, Dugan, Sharon S. Naquin, and Elwood F. Holton.
In daily life, we need motivation to improve our performance in our job or in studies. Motivation is an internal force, dependent on the needs that drive a person to achieve. In the other words, motivation is a consequence of expectations of the future while satisfaction is a consequence of past events (Carr, 2005). We need to give reward to our self when we did correctly or we has achieve our target. Reward is something that we are given because we have behaved well, worked hard, or provided a service to the community. Theories of motivation can be used to explain the behavior and attitude of employees (Rowley, 1996; Weaver, 1998). The theories include content theories, based on assumptions that people have individual needs, which motivate their action. Meanwhile according to Robbins (2001), motivation is a needs-satisfying process, which means that when a person's needs are satisfied by certain factors, the person will exert superior effort toward attaining organizational goals. Schulze and Steyn (2003) affirmed that in order to understand people’s behavior at work, managers or supervisors must be aware of the concept of needs or motives which will help “move” their employees to act.Theories such as Maslow (1954), McClelland (1961), Herzberg (1966) and Alderfer (1969) are renowned for their works in this field. The intrinsic reward or also be known as motivators factors is the part of Herzberg motivation theory. Motivators are involve factors built into the job or the studies itself such as achievement, recognition, responsibility and advancement. Hygiene factors are extrinsic to the job such as interpersonal relationship, salary, supervision and company policy (Herzberg, 1966. There have two factors that are called hygiene fac...
Motivation is an important function in organizations to motivate their employees for their ability to perform well, improving their skills, increasing productivity, job satisfaction and employee extension. Employees also are not a machines that we could just program their task in their brain and they will do it automatically, they require motivation to actually do their job properly. And so, after discussing the process models of the Maslow’s “Hierarchy of needs”, Douglas McGregor theory X and Y, and also the Herzberg’s “two factor motivation hygiene theory.” understanding the ways of motivating people, the human nature, and the substance of nature. I believe that the true motivation can only come from within and also managers can actually motivate all of their employees.
In business, the effectiveness of an organization rests on the ability of the management to interact with its employees and to motivate the wo...
So sometimes its important to make the workplace more flexible for employee's/student because if the employee's don't get no lunch break or some type of rest then employee's will have a lack of motivation, this will certainly effect the company's growth. This covers the module content of work orientation, motivation and meaning, and reward. In class what I learnt was the different motivational theories relating to workplace/studying. For example an Employee's motivation is a factor that causes an employee to pursue work tasks or
This paper, will discuss scholarly views on the nature and types of theory; compare and contrast some views of what constitutes a theory, differentiate theory from related concepts, such as hypothesis, paradigm, model, and concept. The paper also, will review scholarly literature on the relationship between theory and research and the ways research (quantitative and qualitative) can contribute to theory. Moreover, the paper will discuss various ways research can contribute to theory; and try to explain how the theory adds or may add to our understanding of management field. Finally, this paper will discuss and analyze literatures on two areas of controversy or unanswered questions related to the theory.