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Contemporary research into risk perception
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In analyzing risk perception, consideration is taken to identify the factors that may affect a country’s approach to this in terms of business. In Paul Slovlic’s book The Perception of Risk, the concept of risk is described as an outgrowth of society’s concern about coping with the dangers of modern life. Similarly another definition of risk perception is that it is the subjective judgment that people make about the characteristic and severity of risk. There are many areas that have been studied in terms of risk perception. In this paper focus is given to comparing the business culture styles of China and Germany to contrast and compare how it may affect their risk perception.
China
Doing business in China is highly based on the development of good personal relationships over time. They consider relationships more important than tasks. The emphasis here is that they are doing business with people rather than companies so personal contact and loyalty are important. There is a huge importance placed on sincerity above all other qualities. Their communication style tends to be very indirect. It is not uncommon for them to say “yes” to acknowledge they are listening to you but it may not mean the same as it does in other cultures. Chinese have a hard time saying no and the organizational structure is hugely bureaucratic so things are unlikely to happen fast. Their teams are groups of specialists working under a leader who may not be a specialist but will have links to the head of the company. Their structure is vertical so consensus from the team on decisions is common so expect the process to be slow. Chinese are punctual, cancellation or lateness may be seen as insulting unless good reasons are provided. They are quit...
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...pective relationship as both sides will need to take information back to their team to work on a way forward. Chinese are generally risk averse but once they commit their plans tend to be long term which is not unusual when you consider how important the relationship building is prior to agreeing to do business.
No matter what cultural style a country may have – learning about it and respecting other cultures sincerely is a key factor in determining future success. It would be naïve to think how you do business in your own country can be extended to any country but it is important to note the cultural styles of a country may dictate their attitude toward risk perception. If you come off as totally opposite of their style and comfort level it would not be difficult to make the conclusion they will not be jumping at the opportunity to pump money into your idea.
The authors identify that there are three main factors that effect how people act, think, and make decisions. The first is religion, in some countries faith plays an important role in all areas of life in the culture of the country and can influence many of their customs and behavior. The second factor is that of fact. In many countries their greatest desire is to find the best deal and the best product or services. The final factor is feeling, if a culture is based on feelings the people will conduct business accordingly. For example it would be essential to make a personal connection with this type of individual.
In the reading "A first time expatriates experience in a joint venture in China" we have come to understand the nature and structure of the joint venture between the U.S.A. and China and the role that James Randolf played to strengthen and maintain the international partnership.
Over the last 30 years the world has seen drastic changes in the Chinese way of making business. Nowadays, China has opened its businesses to the rest of the world, especially America and Europe (Teagarden & Cai, 2009). As a result, their economy has increased and the evolution of the companies have changed to be from closed doors to be international and multinational (Teagarden & Cai, 2009). This essay will analyze, first of all, how some Chinese companies have had success abroad, looking at the strategy that they applied to expand and to improve their products. Furthermore, this essay will show examples of successful Chinese firms, such as Lenovo and TCL Group, and how they achieve it.
This is probably due to the strong accents that the Chinese have. In the Chinese culture, they value many things and have many rights. “Benevolence, the core value of Confucianism, extends from the importance of familial ties and blood connections and is held in high esteem by the Chinese (Lihua, 2013).” In China good relationships go a long way. This country feels that it is important to maintain peace and good ties within your family, friendships and within business.
A major challenge of doing business internationally is to adapt effectively to different culture. Such adaptation requires an understanding of cultural diversity, perceptions, stereotypes, and values (Hodgett &Luthans, 2005). Doing business overseas has its challenges as well as it rewards.
Google and the Government of China. A case study in Cross-Cultural Negotiations. Develop a negotiations planning document using the Kellogg format in Exhibit 11. Issue Google Chinese government Purpose of negotiation Priority: 1 Position: focuses on profit and brand management Priority: 2 Position: technological, economic gaining.
Zhu, Y. & Warner, M. (2000). “An Emerging model of employment relations in China: a divergent path from the Japanese?” International Business Review, 2000, Vol.9 (3), pp.345-361. [03 April 2014]
China's development is praised by the whole world. Its developments are not only in the economic aspect, but as well in its foreign affairs. Compared with other developed countries, China is a relatively young country. It began constructing itself in 1949. After 30 years of growth, company ownership had experienced unprecedented changes. Entirely, non-state-owned companies can now be more involved in sectors that used to be monopolized by state-owned companies.
“Red is a positive color in Denmark, but represents witchcraft and death in many African countries,” (Understand and heed, 1991, p.1). Simple understandings, such as this one, can make the difference in a business’ success or failure in a foreign country. Various countries have different customs and beliefs that need to be accustomed to when business are to be successful. American businesses especially have difficulties with this concept. “At times in the past, Americans have not had a good track record of being sensitive to cultural distinctions,” (Understand and heed, 1991, p.3). Perhaps this is because America is made up of so many different cultures that American people have become so used to easily adjusting to each other’s differences that they forget that other cultures are not as flexible. Today, more American’s are becoming more sensitive to the differences of other cultures. This sensitivity and understanding has come with a price, after a long string of business failures. It is not until a business fails miserably in another country that they see the adjustments that should have been made in order for their success to be a possibility. With an understanding and sensitivity to the customs and beliefs of other cultures, it is possible for successful businesses that have originated in western cultures to also be successful in foreign countries as well.
As has been discussed before, risk identification plays an important part in the risk such as unique, subjective, complex and uncertainly. There are no two identical leaves in the world; similar, there are no two exactly the same risk either. Hence the best risk manger could not identify risk completely. Besides, risk identification assessment is done by risk analysts. As the different level of risk management knowledge, practical experience and other aspects between individuals, the result of risk identification may be difference. Furthermore, the process of identifying risk is still risky. Once risks have been identified, corporations have to take actions on limiting risky actions to reduce the frequency and severity of risky. They have to think about any lost profit from limiting distribution of risky action. So reducing risk identification risk is one of assessments in the risk
It is true to say that globalisation is a two-way street. As international business and trade continue to grow, models of organisations and approaches to management are beginning to merge; nevertheless it remains imperative for firms to understand and govern across the myriad of cultural differences which still exist. These differences seem most apparent in China, where managerial values are deeply rooted in archaic and powerful culture. Some authors argue that even with a certain degree of convergence between Chinese and Western cultures, such convergence does have its restrictions.
One East Asian country and North African country are compared using Hofstede’s six dimensions of cultures to find similar results in four of six behaviors but an extreme difference in how each society keeps a link with the past while maintaining the present and future. The cultural difference between South Korea and Morocco are most obvious in the dimension of Long Term Orientation, and each approach business in the most opposite way. Analyzing the comparison of these two countries gives a further look into their particular culture and the impact it has on business choices. Understanding how culture is an important aspect of an entity leads to successful business and leaders.
Risk is the potential loss resulting from the balance of threat, vulnerabilities, countermeasures, and value. ...
Based on Richard R. Gesteland book, deal-focus vs. relationship focus is one of four patterns in the cross-cultural business behavior. More than a few divergences between deal-focus and relationship-focus make both of them will be grumble while working together. Deal-focus people will go straight to the work part. Deal-focus people can be assumed as aggressive, bad-mannered, and assertive. On the contrary, relationship-focus people will concentrate in build strong relationship before jump to the work part. In addition, relationship-focus people are calmer and more flexible in doing business. The examples of countries with deal-focus culture are Australia, New Zealand, Northern Europe and North America. At the side of relationship-focus, Korea, Japan, Chine, and Taiwan are the examples. Furthermore, there will be several explanations, analysis, and recommendations related with case “Exporting to Taiwan: Guanxi in Action”.
All in all, the Chinese culture is vastly different than the culture we have in the west. Although that may be the case, we still have to learn and maintain a connection with the Chinese culture since we are so heavily involved in their economic system. Not only are we involved in theirs, they are greatly involved in ours. There are thousands of factories in China that make products to export to the United States. This means that we need to maintain a good connection with the Chinese culture in order to keep our “guanxi” positive with