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Introduction laboratory techniques
Methods of experimentation
Introduction laboratory techniques
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Aim: To measure the amount of oxygen takes in by the maggots and peas with the help of a respirometer in the experiment.
Introduction:
Respiration is the process by which organic molecules are broken down in a series of stages to synthesize ATP.
Respiratory quotient is a measure of the ratio between oxygen an organism takes in and carbon dioxide the organism eliminates. The use of a device called a respirometer is used to measure an organism’s respiratory quotient by measuring the gases the organism takes in and exhales.
Metabolism is all the chemical processes that take place in living organisms for example breathing, circulating blood and controlling body temperature. Since the peas and maggots used in this experiment are living things, they could affect the result since they both expire aerobically and take part in
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This means that maggots have a higher metabolism since they have more chemical process occurring. The maggot’s metabolism is advanced since it moves which would mean a lot of energy is released. . Respiration is the process by which organic molecules are broken down in a series of stages to synthesize ATP.This also means the respiratory quotient is higher for the maggot because it uses more energy and moves a lot compared to the peas. They both respire aerobically since an amount of oxygen was used or consumed during the experiment
Peas have 0.00 distance travelled without compared to maggots, which have 0.50 due to the movement of maggots. The respiratory quotient also shows that peas have a higher RQ compared to maggots. The value obtained for peas show that they consume or respire with carbohydrates and this seems to be the case since they were in sucrose solution. Also maggots showed that the value obtained which is 0.71 that they have fed on food, which was very high in protein.
gars. These are then split into two three-carbon sugar phosphates and then these are split into two pyruvate molecules. This results in four molecules of ATP being released. Therefore this process of respiration in cells makes more energy available for the cell to use by providing an initial two molecules of ATP.
Our next task was to count the breathing rate again, yet this time under a Carbon dioxide enhanced environment. We took a three way tap and attached this to the end of the plastic syringe, also we removed the piston and fitted loosely a small amount of cotton wool. In order for the atmosphere surrounding the locust to have a higher Carbon dioxide level, we attached a straw to the end of the tap, turning it to an open position and breathed into it for approximately fifteen seconds. We removed the straw and turned the three way tap back to a closed position to stop the atmosphere changing. Once this was done, we counted once more the ventilation rate of the locust for thirty seconds, repeating three times.
Animal metabolism consists of the utilization of nutrients absorbed from the digestive tract and their catabolism as fuel for energy or their conversion into substances of the body. Metabolism is a continuous process because the molecules and even most cells of the body have brief lifetimes and are constantly replaced, while tissue as a whole maintains its characteristic structure. This constant rebuilding process without a net change in the amount of a cell constituent is known as dynamic equilibrium (Grolier1996). In the combustion of food, oxygen is used and carbon dioxide is given off. The rate of oxygen consumption indicates the energy expenditure of an organism, or its metabolic rate (Grolier1996).
Cellular respiration is a chemical reaction used to create energy for all cells. The chemical formula for cellular respiration is glucose(sugar)+Oxygen=Carbon Dioxide+Water+ATP(energy) or C6H12+6O2=6CO2+6H2O+ energy. So what it is is sugar and
Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are the two most important processes that animal and plant cells supply themselves with energy to carry out their life cycles. Cellular respiration takes glucose molecules and combines it with oxygen. This energy results in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), with carbon dioxide and water that results in a waste product. Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and combines it with water,
Do you know how you are able to run long distances or lift heavy things? One of the reasons is cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is how your body breaks down the food you’ve eaten into adenosine triphosphate also known as ATP. ATP is the bodies energy its in every cell in the human body. We don’t always need cellular respiration so it is sometimes anaerobic. For example, when we are sleeping or just watching television. When you are doing activities that are intense like lifting weights or running, your cellular respiration becomes aerobic which means you are also using more ATP. Cellular respiration is important in modern science because if we did not know about it, we wouldn’t know how we are able to make ATP when we are doing simple task like that are aerobic or anaerobic.
The Effects of Concentration of Sugar on the Respiration Rate of Yeast Investigating the effect of concentration of sugar on the respiration rate of yeast We did an investigation to find how different concentrations of sugar effect the respiration rate of yeast and which type of concentration works best. Respiration is not breathing in and out; it is the breakdown of glucose to make energy using oxygen. Every living cell in every living organism uses respiration to make energy all the time. Plants respire (as well as photosynthesise) to release energy for growth, active uptake, etc…. They can also respire anaerobically (without oxygen) to produce ethanol and carbon dioxide as by-products.
Cellular respiration is an important function for the body to obtain energy (Citovsky, Lecture 18). There are two types of cellular respiration; aerobic conditions and anaerobic conditions. Aerobic conditions are the cellular respiration occurred with oxygen while anaerobic conditions are cellular respiration occurred without oxygen. The most common cellular respiration is aerobic conditions where oxygen were supplied for phosphorylation (Campbell et al., pg 177). In human body, anaerobic conditions occurred when muscle cells are overworked and oxygen is depleted before it could be replenished (Citovsky, Lecture 19). This is a common phenomenon during exercise. The accumulation and production of lactic acid from anaerobic cellular respiration has been always a cause of muscle sore from intense exercise (Campbell et al., pg. 179).
This lab attempted to find the rate at which Carbon dioxide is produced when five different test solutions: glycine, sucrose, galactose, water, and glucose were separately mixed with a yeast solution to produce fermentation, a process cells undergo. Fermentation is a major way by which a living cell can obtain energy. By measuring the carbon dioxide released by the test solutions, it could be determined which food source allows a living cell to obtain energy. The focus of the research was to determine which test solution would release the Carbon Dioxide by-product the quickest, by the addition of the yeast solution. The best results came from galactose, which produced .170 ml/minute of carbon dioxide. Followed by glucose, this produced .014 ml/minute; finally, sucrose which produced .012ml/minute of Carbon Dioxide. The test solutions water and glycine did not release Carbon Dioxide because they were not a food source for yeast. The results suggest that sugars are very good energy sources for a cell where amino acid, Glycine, is not.
By using this principle, the measurement of an organism's volume if it absorbs CO2 released in respiration can be attributed to the consumption of oxygen. Hypothesis: If the temperature increases, then the respiration rate will also increase. The respiration rate will increase because more activity is going on. Experiment: A simple respirometer will be used in this experiment to detect changes in gas volume.
This equation also shows fermentation process, which proves an anaerobic respiration, which means that oxygen is absent from the process. Anaerobic respiration takes place in organisms and releases a small amount of energy very quickly. In most organisms, it consists of a chain of chemical reactions called glycolysis, which break down glucose into pyrutic acid.
The process of photosynthesis is an anabolic process. This is actually a chemical reaction process that causes the synthesis of molecules during metabolism. This process is associated with the manufacturing of food. While on the other side respiration is a catabolic process involves breakage of molecules into very smaller finer units that can either be oxidized to enable release of energy or in other anabolic reaction. Catabolism is still a metabolic process as well and it allows for the destruction of food which has been stored. Both the eukaryotes and the prokaryotes conduct anabolic and the catabolic processes depending on the type of the molecules they are working on during either the process of photosynthesis or respiration. Hopkins G.
From my reading I learned that cellular respiration is a multi-step metabolic reaction type process that takes place in each living organism 's cell rather it be plant or animal. It’s my understanding that there are two types of cellular respiration, one called aerobic cellular respiration which required oxygen and anaerobic cellular respiration that does not require oxygen. In the anaerobic cellular respiration process, unlike the aerobic process oxygen is not required nor is it the last electron acceptor there by producing fewer ATP molecules and releasing byproducts of alcohol or lactic acid. The anaerobic cellular respiration process starts out exactly the same as anaerobic respiration, but stops part way through due to oxygen not being
Respiration is the process of obtaining oxygen from the external environment and eliminating carbon dioxide. There are two phases of respiration; external respiration and internal respiration, and also three major respiratory structures: gills, integumentary exchange areas and lungs. External respiration takes place in the capillaries of gills or lungs, though in some vertebrates, such as amphibians, the skin is also utilized, which are the integumentary exchange areas. Internal respiration is the cellular use of carbohydrates, which then produces carbon dioxide, water and releases energy. This is created by a complex chain of chemical reactions called cellular respiration with the help of respiratory enzymes found in the protoplasm of all cells. The function of the respiratory system is to provide oxygen to the blood and remove carbon dioxide and other waste gases.
When humans consume plants, the carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are broken down through two forms of cellular respiration. The two processes of cellular respiration displayed in humans are anaerobic and aerobic. The deciding process used depends on the presence of oxygen. Cellular respiration converts the material into a useable energy called ATP. ATP is the energy form that cells can use to perform their various functions, and it can also be stored for later use.