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Conclution About Cellular Respiration
Conclution About Cellular Respiration
Conclution About Cellular Respiration
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Recommended: Conclution About Cellular Respiration
Cellular respiration is an important function for the body to obtain energy (Citovsky, Lecture 18). There are two types of cellular respiration; aerobic conditions and anaerobic conditions. Aerobic conditions are the cellular respiration occurred with oxygen while anaerobic conditions are cellular respiration occurred without oxygen. The most common cellular respiration is aerobic conditions where oxygen were supplied for phosphorylation (Campbell et al., pg 177). In human body, anaerobic conditions occurred when muscle cells are overworked and oxygen is depleted before it could be replenished (Citovsky, Lecture 19). This is a common phenomenon during exercise. The accumulation and production of lactic acid from anaerobic cellular respiration has been always a cause of muscle sore from intense exercise (Campbell et al., pg. 179). In cellular respiration, glucose with ADP and Phosphate group will be converted to pyruvate and ATP through glycolysis. NAD+ plays a major role in glycolysis and will be converted …show more content…
I agree with him that acetyl CoA is formed in aerobic respiration from pyruvate when the oxygen is present. However, he also mentioned that acetyl CoA is produced from Krebs Cycle which do not require oxygen. I agree with Moez, the Undergraduate TA that there is a contradiction of his statement on acetyl CoA. I believe that might be a typing mistake and he chose choice C acetyl CoA as the correct answer. In Adrian’s comment on real world application of anaerobic respiration, he mentioned that anaerobic respiration affects many processes such as assimilation of carbon dioxide to acetate. In addition to that, anaerobic respiration also affects processes in bacteria such as denitrification. When there is a limited supply of oxygen, bacteria synthesize energy through denitrification. Therefore, anaerobic respiration has a significant role on bacteria production of energy when oxygen is
gars. These are then split into two three-carbon sugar phosphates and then these are split into two pyruvate molecules. This results in four molecules of ATP being released. Therefore this process of respiration in cells makes more energy available for the cell to use by providing an initial two molecules of ATP.
This process can be performed in two stages: aerobic (presence of oxygen during process) and anaerobic (no presence of oxygen during process). During aerobic cellular respiration, the process uses the products from the glycolysis cycle, Krebs (citric acid) cycle, and electron transport chain. During anaerobic cellular respiration, the process only uses the products from the glycolysis cycle and fermentation, which is split into either lactic acid process (in muscle cells and produces lactate as byproduct) or alcohol process (happens with yeast products, and causes NADH to donate electrons to pyruvate and convert it into
In this lab, we explored the theory of maximal oxygen consumption. “Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) is defined as the highest rate at which oxygen can be taken up and utilized by the body during severe exercise” (Bassett and Howley, 2000). VO2max is measured in millimeters of O2 consumed per kilogram of body weight per min (ml/kg/min). It is commonly known as a good way to determine a subject’s cardio-respiratory endurance and aerobic fitness level. Two people whom are given the same aerobic task (can both be considered “fit”) however, the more fit individual can consume more oxygen to produce enough energy to sustain higher, intense work loads during exercise. The purpose of this lab experiment was performed to determine the VO2max results of a trained vs. an untrained participant to see who was more fit.
Cellular respiration is a chemical reaction used to create energy for all cells. The chemical formula for cellular respiration is glucose(sugar)+Oxygen=Carbon Dioxide+Water+ATP(energy) or C6H12+6O2=6CO2+6H2O+ energy. So what it is is sugar and
Heart rate is an indicator to demonstrate the intensity and duration of exercise. The aerobic system falls under the aerobic threshold. The aerobic threshold is “the heart rate above which you gain aerobic fitness, at 60% of our MHR.” (Bbc.co.uk, 2018). Towards the end of the Aquathon the aerobic system can no longer keep with the intensity, so the anaerobic threshold begins in the last few minutes of exercise. The anaerobic threshold “is the heart rate above which you gain anaerobic fitness. You cross your anaerobic threshold at 80% of your MHR.” (Bbc.co.uk, 2018). The anaerobic systems function without the use of oxygen. “They burn through ATP and then turn to anaerobic glycolysis, using glucose and glycogen for fuel with a by-product of lactate.” (Verywell Fit, 2018). When working anaerobically it creates oxygen debt and can only continue to keep working for a few minutes. Oxygen Debt is the oxygen consumption post exercise to replenish creatine
With respiration of carbohydrates, the food is then converted to carbohydrates usually hexose sugar before being respired. There is an oxidation of glucose to carbon dioxide and water with the release of energy.
2. Discuss the function of glycolysis in bioenergetics. What role does NAD play in glycolysis?
Fermentation is an anaerobic process in which fuel molecules are broken down to create pyruvate and ATP molecules (Alberts, 1998). Both pyruvate and ATP are major energy sources used by the cell to do a variety of things. For example, ATP is used in cell division to divide the chromosomes (Alberts, 1998).
After the athlete has used up their ATP energy system a molecule brakes off and eventually then taps into the lactic acid system. The 400m runner is predominately going to use the lactic acid system
According to our text, Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology, 2010, pg. 78. 94. Cellular respiration is stated as “The aerobic harvesting of energy from food molecules; the energy-releasing chemical breakdown of food molecules, such as glucose, and the storage of potential energy in a form that cells can use to perform work; involves glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, the electron transport chain, and chemiosmosis”.
Aerobic exercise involves improving the cardiovascular system. It increases the efficiency with which the body is able to utilize oxygen (Dintiman, Stone, Pennington, & Davis, 1984). In other words, aerobic exercise means that continuous and large amounts of oxygen are needed to get in order to generate the amount of energy needed to complete the workout. The most common type of aerobic exercise is long-distance running, or jogging. While running, the body requires large amounts of energy in order for the body to sustain energy. “During prolonged exercise, most of the energy is aerobic, derived from the oxidation of carbohydrates and fats” (Getchell, 1976).
This function happens in two ways (aerobic respiration) or without oxygen (anaerobic respiration). This summary will focus on anaerobic respiration within prokaryotic cells. The first step to cellular respiration is glycolysis. Glycolysis breaks down glucose which then forms pyruvate and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or energy. Unlike aerobic respiration, in anaerobic respiration the next step is for the cell to undergo fermentation. Fermentation occurs in 2 ways, ethanol fermentation and lactate fermentation, which are both necessary for the steps following fermentation to produce ATP or energy (Audesirk & Audesirk,
The aerobic system produces far more ATP than either of the other energy systems but it produces the ATP much more slowly, therefore it cannot fuel intense exercise that demands the fast production of ATP.
Succinyl-CoA complex will form a bond with a phosphate before the phosphate group transfer to a molecule of ADP (adenosine diphosphate) to produce energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate). Scheffler (2001) reported that convincing evidence from isotope tracer experiments shows that the inorganic phosphate displaces the CoA to form succinyl-phosphate. ADP is a vital organic compound in metabolism and is important to help in the flow of energy in living cells. In this stage, a molecule of succinate is produced. According to Citric Acid Cycle (n.d.), a high-energy was formed and used during the exchange of succinyl group to succinate to produce either guanine triphosphate (GTP) or ATP and forming two isoenzymes.
One of the most important changes would be an alteration in the concentration of hydrogen ions in the blood, this could be caused by a rise in blood carbon dioxide or an increase in tissue respiration in the muscles during the exercise. The respiratory centre is in its self. sensitive to raised hCo2 and responds by increasing the rate and depth. of the breath of the mind. In the aortic arch and carotid bodies there are chemoreceptors.