P7 – describe the three different energy systems and their use in sport activities
ATP stands for Adenosine triphosphate. It is an important question in sports training because all energy production is powered by this. The training programs that are designed for you or others will target you’re ability to produce energy for power and endurance.
ATP is often referred to as the energy currency of life. The body’s cells use a special form of energy called adenosine triphosphate to power almost all their activities, such as muscle contraction, protein construction, and transportation of substrates, communication with other cells, activating heat control mechanisms, and dismantling damaged and unused structures.
The alactic system is a form of training
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Glycolysis is the breakdown of carbohydrates.
The process of lactic acid removal takes approximately one hour, but this can be accelerated by undertaking an appropriate cool down that ensures a rapid and continuous supply of oxygen to the muscles.
The aerobic energy system utilises fats, carbohydrate and sometimes proteins for re-synthesising ATP for energy use.
The aerobic system produces far more ATP than either of the other energy systems but it produces the ATP much more slowly, therefore it cannot fuel intense exercise that demands the fast production of ATP.
While the aerobic system doesn’t produce nearly as much power as the other systems, a major feature is its capacity which is virtually limitless, as it just keeps on producing ATP. This is why it is good for long distance events such as a marathon runner like Mo Farah.
The aerobic system consists of three processes each of which produce ATP. These stages involve more complex chemical reactions than the other energy systems which is why ATP production is much slower. These stages are; Aerobic glycolysis (slow glycolysis), Krebs cycle (also known as the citric acid cycle) and the Electron transport
The ATP is used for many cell functions including transport work moving substances across cell membranes. It is also used for mechanical work, supplying the energy needed for muscle contraction. It supplies energy not only to heart muscle (for blood circulation) and skeletal muscle (such as for gross body movement), but also to the chromosomes and flagella to enable them to carry out their many functions. A major role of ATP is in chemical work, supplying the needed energy to synthesize the multi-thousands of types of macromolecules that the cell needs to exist. ATP is also used as an on-off switch both to control chemical reactions and to send messages.
In this lab, we explored the theory of maximal oxygen consumption. “Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) is defined as the highest rate at which oxygen can be taken up and utilized by the body during severe exercise” (Bassett and Howley, 2000). VO2max is measured in millimeters of O2 consumed per kilogram of body weight per min (ml/kg/min). It is commonly known as a good way to determine a subject’s cardio-respiratory endurance and aerobic fitness level. Two people whom are given the same aerobic task (can both be considered “fit”) however, the more fit individual can consume more oxygen to produce enough energy to sustain higher, intense work loads during exercise. The purpose of this lab experiment was performed to determine the VO2max results of a trained vs. an untrained participant to see who was more fit.
All three energy systems produce ATP in the form of energy. ATP is composed of the nitrogen base adenine, the pentose (5C) sugar ribose, and three phosphate groups. ATP’s primary source is carbohydrates (Refer to Appendix B). “They are obtained from foods known as complex carbohydrates.” (Amezdroz, et al, 2010) (Refer to Appendix C). When energy is required, “ATP works by losing the endmost phosphate group when instructed to do so by an enzyme.” ATP molecules can be found in all cells(Bris.ac.uk, 2018) (Refer to Appendix D). When the body is at rest there is a “low demand for ATP all energy is produced aerobically.” (Amezdroz, et al,
Do you know how you are able to run long distances or lift heavy things? One of the reasons is cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is how your body breaks down the food you’ve eaten into adenosine triphosphate also known as ATP. ATP is the bodies energy its in every cell in the human body. We don’t always need cellular respiration so it is sometimes anaerobic. For example, when we are sleeping or just watching television. When you are doing activities that are intense like lifting weights or running, your cellular respiration becomes aerobic which means you are also using more ATP. Cellular respiration is important in modern science because if we did not know about it, we wouldn’t know how we are able to make ATP when we are doing simple task like that are aerobic or anaerobic.
It is the slowest working metabolic pathway for the production of energy in the body. This cycle, unlike the energy consumption in sprinting, allows the body to maintain its energy level during endurance activities. The citric acid cycle, or the Krebs cycle, allows humans to sustain long-term energy (long running) because it produces more energy than the other pathways. The Krebs cycle uses lots of enzymes, which reduce the amount of energy required for a chemical reaction. These enzymes help the body use less and create more energy. By using enzymes in the absence of more energy, the Krebs cycle is different from other metabolic pathways. Through the catabolism of fats, sugars, and proteins, an acetate is created and used in the citric acid cycle. The Krebs cycle converts NAD+ into NADH. These are then used by another system called the oxidative phosphorylation pathway to generate
Aerobic energy system is a type of energy system and we use it when we are exercising at a low intensity and this is when your body has finished using both our apt-pc system and lactic acid, therefore it lasts longer then both of them and it kicks off after lactic acid which about the 3 minutes into exercising.
However, in anaerobic respiration (glycolysis and fermentation) only two (2) adenosine triphosphate (ATP) can be obtained. Now, for photosynthesis it is actually a carbon-fixation which is 3CO2+9ATP+6NADPH+H2O--- glyceraldehyde3phosphate+8Pi+9ADP+6NADP which turns out to just be eight-teen (18) ATP per glucose molecules in
As previously mentioned, enzyme catalyzed reactions are a large contributing factor to many biological systems. In regards to metabolic pathways, ATP Synthase is a necessary enzyme that uses a concentration gradient to attach a phosphate group to an ADP molecule. This process is called phosphorylation. The bond that is created between the ADP and the phosphate group is formed by dehydration synthesis. This enzyme appears at the end of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration and at the end of the light dependent reactions in photosynthesis. Regardless of where the enzyme is found, the purpose remains the same; create useable energy in the form of ATP. In cellular respiration, the ATP can be used for several different objectives.
During the first one or two minutes of exercise, before the heart has pumped enough oxygenated blood to the working muscles, the muscles are powered by anaerobic energy. In order for these muscles to continue exercise, the body must supply them with continuous supply of oxygen, the more efficiently this is done, the better the cardiovascular fitness level. During cardiovascular conditioning, a program such as interva...
Pathway: The Adenosine triphosphate / Creatine Phosphate Energy pathway: It is the energy pathway that provides anaerobic source of phosphate bond energy. The energy librated from splitting of CP rebounds ADP and Pi to form ATP. ATP is the energy source for all human movement. The release of one phosphate molecule provides the energy for the human movement. CP is the hi-energy
These results make sense because the heart beats faster in order to keep the body’s cells well equipped with oxygen. For one to continue exercising for long amounts of time, cells need to create ATP in order to use energy. Oxygen must be present for the process of creating ATP, which not only explains why higher respiratory rates occur during exercise but also faster heart rates. When the heart is beating rapidly, it is distributes oxygenated blood as fast as the body n...
for a cell to function as part of cellular respiration. ATP is needed to power
Aerobic requires oxygen and takes place inside the mitochondria of iving cells. The energy is stored as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Aerobic respiration produces 2890KJ/Mole or 38ATP. This is much more than anaerobic. The
Aerobic exercise involves improving the cardiovascular system. It increases the efficiency with which the body is able to utilize oxygen (Dintiman, Stone, Pennington, & Davis, 1984). In other words, aerobic exercise means that continuous and large amounts of oxygen are needed to get in order to generate the amount of energy needed to complete the workout. The most common type of aerobic exercise is long-distance running, or jogging. While running, the body requires large amounts of energy in order for the body to sustain energy. “During prolonged exercise, most of the energy is aerobic, derived from the oxidation of carbohydrates and fats” (Getchell, 1976).
Why do we need to rely on renewable sources? Most of the energy that we use today come from fossil fuels such as natural gas, coal, and oil. All of these resources are non-renewable, it can finish one day. In order to have a better world and a healthy environment for the future, people are trying to obtain energy from natural resources instead of non-renewable sources. In the lecture “Renewable energy resources” (2014), Mistry focuses on some advantages and disadvantages of renewable energy. There are different kind of resources that we can use in order to produce renewable energy. Solar power, wind power, hydroelectric power are just some of the kinds of renewable energy that might be the best options to obtain energy because they come from