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Respiratory system on quizlet
Respiratory system on quizlet
Respiratory system on quizlet
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1- Define the three energy pathways. For each pathway, identify two exercises that utilize the pathway. If you were training to run a marathon, which pathway would be the focal point of your training? What types of activities would you incorporate into your marathon training and why? How will an understanding of energy pathways help you in your future training endeavors? Pathway:
The Adenosine triphosphate / Creatine Phosphate Energy pathway: It is the energy pathway that provides anaerobic source of phosphate bond energy. The energy librated from splitting of CP rebounds ADP and Pi to form ATP.
ATP is the energy source for all human movement. The release of one phosphate molecule provides the energy for the human movement.
CP is the hi-energy
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This process uses either glycogen or glucose to convert ADP back to ATP. In this case the waste product is Lactic ACID! This builds up more quickly than it can be flushed out of the muscle to the point of muscular fatigue. At this point the body must either stop or slow down until the lactic acid is removed which is then converted into Lactate which is used to produce more glucose or as an energy …show more content…
blood lactate usually return to normal within an hr after activity.
Exercises utilizing this pathway:
Powerlifting: relies mainly on anaerobic energy pathway for energy boosting.
Repeat chase, catch & wrestle drill- In a restricted area (10m X 10m) 1 athlete is the chaser while the other is the evader
Working on 45s intervals- the evader tries to stay away from the chaser
When the chaser catches the evader he/she wraps them up then wrestles the ball from them
The evader makes this ball wrestle as difficult as possible
As soon as the ball is stolen it is thrown back to the evader who again tries to evade the chaser
This continues for the work period- emphasis is on high intensity in the chase/evasion and then the competition for the ball
Complete 5 X 45s work intervals with each new effort beginning on 2:15- 1:2 work:rest
2-minute recovery between blocks
Repeat with the roles changing.
3-The Oxidative Pathway:
It is a system that is aerobic, which means it uses oxygen to produce ATP. More ATP is produced through this pathway then other pathways, however it takes much longer.
It is only in this pathway where fat can be used for energy.
Exercises utilizing this
The data collected during this experiment has shown that a relationship likely exists between the rate of muscle fatigue and the time spent performing vigorous exercise prior to the set of repetitive movements. This is likely due to a build-up of lactic acid and lactate as a result of anaerobic respiration occurring to provide energy for the muscle cell’s movement. As the pH of the cell would have been lowered, the enzymes necessary in the reactions would likely not be working in their optimum pH range, slowing the respiration reactions and providing an explanation to why the average number of repetitions decreased as the prior amount of exercise increased.
We actually saw this change occur by watching the RER values increase. At the 2:30 mark Kerbi was using 100% fats as her fuel source with an RER of .75. One minute later, at an RER of .80 she was using 50% fat and 50% carbohydrates. In between minutes 6:30 with and RER of .99 and less than the 7:00 mark with an RER of 1.04 she was using primarily 100% carbohydrates as her fuel source. Lactate began accumulating in Kerbi’s blood at the 7:00 mark with an RER of 1.04, a speed of 3.4 and a grade of 14. I know this because her RER was above the 100% carbohydrate level of 1.00, and this is also the time at which she felt uncomfortable to the point that the test
Shi X, Gisolfi CV. Fluid and carbohydrate replacement during intermittent exercise. Sports Med 25 (3): 157-172, 1998.
gars. These are then split into two three-carbon sugar phosphates and then these are split into two pyruvate molecules. This results in four molecules of ATP being released. Therefore this process of respiration in cells makes more energy available for the cell to use by providing an initial two molecules of ATP.
The physical demands of tournament tennis players can be and usually are very grueling. The body is using both anaerobic and aerobic metabolism along with anaerobic and aerobic muscle fiber types. Tennis is a high intensity sport requiring hundreds of short bursts of activity. Most points only last around 10 seconds(anaerobic) but there is only 25 seconds of rest in between points and 90 seconds of rest in between games which requires the player to have endurance(aerobic). Tennis matches can be long and drawn out, lasting hours or they can be fast, intense and only last an hour. This means having adequate nutrition along with an efficient metabolism is key to being able to compete at the highest level.
...the adrenal glands, attaches to the signal-binding site of a G-protein-linked receptor. When this happens, the G-protein, which has three subunits, is activated. One subunit, the α subunit, of the G-protein detaches, or dissociates, itself from the other two. This subunit carries a GDP molecule which is replaced by a GTP molecule. Then it attaches to a protein called adenylyl cyclase, which converts ATP into cAMP(Adenosine Monophosphate with a cyclic group). Cyclic AMP, the secondary messenger, is released by the adenylyl cyclase and binds to the regulatory portions of the protein kinase, releasing the catalytic portions. Then these catalytic portions are going to undergo the phosphorylation cascade. The newly activated protein kinases transfer their phosphate groups to a protein called phosphorylase which releases glucose from glycogen into the bloodstream.
It is the slowest working metabolic pathway for the production of energy in the body. This cycle, unlike the energy consumption in sprinting, allows the body to maintain its energy level during endurance activities. The citric acid cycle, or the Krebs cycle, allows humans to sustain long-term energy (long running) because it produces more energy than the other pathways. The Krebs cycle uses lots of enzymes, which reduce the amount of energy required for a chemical reaction. These enzymes help the body use less and create more energy. By using enzymes in the absence of more energy, the Krebs cycle is different from other metabolic pathways. Through the catabolism of fats, sugars, and proteins, an acetate is created and used in the citric acid cycle. The Krebs cycle converts NAD+ into NADH. These are then used by another system called the oxidative phosphorylation pathway to generate
However, in anaerobic respiration (glycolysis and fermentation) only two (2) adenosine triphosphate (ATP) can be obtained. Now, for photosynthesis it is actually a carbon-fixation which is 3CO2+9ATP+6NADPH+H2O--- glyceraldehyde3phosphate+8Pi+9ADP+6NADP which turns out to just be eight-teen (18) ATP per glucose molecules in
Humans, and all animals, use adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as the main energy source in cells. The authors of Biological Science 5th edition said that “In general, a cell contains only enough ATP [adenosine triphosphate] to last from 30 seconds to a few minutes”. It is that way “Because it has such high potential energy, ATP is unstable and is not stored”. They also state that “In an average second, a typical cell in your body uses an average of 10 million ATP molecules and synthesizes [makes] just as many”. In the human body trillions of cells exist. The average human body uses and makes 10,000,000,000,000,000 molecules of ATP every second. In one minute the human body uses 600,000,000,000,000,000 molecules of ATP. In one day the human body uses 864,000,000,000,000,000,000 molecules of ATP. In one year, this is equivalent to 365.25 days; the average human body uses and makes a huge amount, 315,576,000,000,000,000,000,000 molecules of ATP. For this example one mile is equal to one molecule of ATP. Light travels at approximately 186,000 mi/sec. It would take light roughly 53,763,440,860 years to travel that many miles. The sheer amount of ATP made in the cells of people is amazing! This essay will explain somewhat the main way of making all of those ATP molecules in aerobic organisms, aerobic cellular respiration. There are four steps that take place in aerobic cellular respiration, and they are: 1.Glycolysis; 2. Pyruvate Processing; 3. Citric Acid Cycle; 4. Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation (Allison, L. A. , Black, M. , Podgoroski, G. , Quillin, K. , Monroe, J. , Taylor E. 2014).
The extra heat produced during metabolic exchange, raises the body temperature again affecting the enzymes and heat is then removed by sweating. If the body isn’t kept hydrated during exercise, dehydration will occur, causing the blood to become concentrated. When the blood becomes concentrated, the cells no longer have enough water to function.
In cellular respiration, glucose with ADP and Phosphate group will be converted to pyruvate and ATP through glycolysis. NAD+ plays a major role in glycolysis and will be converted
The postabsorptive state is the period when the GI tract is empty and energy comes from the breakdpwn of our body’s reserves. The importance of the postabsorptive state is to maintain blood glucose levels. The brain fuels itself using glucose as its energy source. We can get glucose from stored glycogen, tissue proteins, and some from fats. The first available store of glucose is in the liver’s stores of glycogen. These stores can maintain blood sugar levels for around four hours. When the liver stores begin to get small, glycogenolysis begins to take place in skeletal muscles. The glucose in the skeletal muscles is converted to pyruvic acid, which enters the blood and is converted back to glucose by the liver and again reenters the blood.
All three systems regulate energy production as they help create ATP. The creatine phosphate system is the first system mentioned as it is the quickest of the systems. In this system, there is a reversible reaction, where phosphocreatine and ADP form ATP and creatine. This reaction happens quickly and therefore the system does not provide long lasting energy; however, there is a large amount of energy production in this short amount of time. Activity beyond a few seconds requires more substantial energy production, as with anaerobic glycolysis. In anaerobic glycolysis, glucose is transformed into pyruvate and 2 net ATP are also produced. There is enough ATP production for about 2 minutes of activity. Also, 2 NADH are produced that are then
When a person exercises the body uses either sugar or fatty acids as fuel to create energy. During the beginning of an exercise most of the sugar that is used as fuel comes from the bloodstream or the muscles. After about 15 minutes the fuel starts to come from the liver. When one exercises after 30 minutes the body receives energy from free fatty acids and glycogen gets stored resulting in a decrease in blood sugar levels. Glycogen is the sugar stored in the liver and muscles.
Day 1 - Topic: Fitness Components Objective: The students will be able to identify and demonstrate the 5 Fitness Components. The students will be able to create fitness goals.