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Principles of educational psychology
Principles of educational psychology
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What is Real Learning? Learning is commonly defined as the process of acquiring new, or modifying existing, knowledge through experiences. To me, learning is an ongoing process that continues throughout our lives. When referring to Robert E. Slavin ‘s book, Educational Psychology: Theory and Practice, he mentioned how people are already engaged in a learning environment where they receive stimuli everywhere they go, but they are only aware of some of the stimuli (p.129). By referring to Slavin’s book, what real learning is to me is when an individual actually notice those stimuli, learned particular information and skills from those stimuli, and being able to apply the things they learn to their daily life. Furthermore, when referring to the …show more content…
Sometimes it is intentional and sometimes it is unintentional (pp. 128-129). For instance, when I sit in a classroom listening to lectures about culture differences, and learned that each culture, even each person, has different values and beliefs, I am intentionally learning. I intentionally attend a class to learn about cultural differences. Next time when someone is talking with me about cultural differences, due to my experience of learning this topic in lecture, I will have the information and knowledge to discuss this topic with them. I can also apply my personal real life experiences of culture differences that I had encountered before in the discussion. On the other hand, when I was sitting in my room one day and suddenly feel terrified when I see a spider, I learned that I am afraid of spiders. Although I learned about my fear toward spiders unintentionally, it is still a kind of learning nonetheless because this experience will affect my future behavior. Next time when I see a spider, due to my previous experience with it, I will know that I am terrified of it, so I will try to find someone to kill it or stay away from it. These two examples are both changes in my knowledge and behavior that are caused by experiences, no matter if they are experiences I encountered intentionally or
Ganes, Earnest J. A Lesson Before Dying? New York: Vintage Books, 1993. Genre: Novel. 256 pages Setting: The story is set in a small Cajun Louisiana town in the 1940’s. The setting in this story is significant because, the whole story is about how a young black boy is treated unfairly and sentenced to death because of something he did not do.
Learning is done through actions. When individuals perform or do, they discover and absorb. It represents an alteration in the behavior as a result from the experience. When people learn, their behaviors would change as they obtain info and experience (Solomon 2014). For instance, say a person had a reaction after consuming peanuts, and so she had a bad experience. She would afterwards associate this bad experience with peanuts, and “learned” that she should not consume peanuts. And so for that reason, she would not be purchasing any more peanuts. Rather, if she had a positive experience with peanuts, she certainly would want to purchase the product again. The learning concepts can be applied in marketing by business organizations.
We use the term ‘learning' all the time in everyday life, but what does it mean? Different people will have alternative views on the definition. Commonly its described as the "step-by-step process in which an individual experiences permanent, lasting changes in knowledge, behaviour, or ways of processing the world" (study.com. Wind Goodfriend). Kolb defines individual learning as "the process whereby knowledge is created through the transformation of experience" (Kolb. Experiential Learning: Experience as the Source of Learning and Development. Page 2). This skill is something most people acquire at birth and carry with them throughout their life. Acquiring chunks of information at a time: knowledge, through tasks they've been assigned or,
Psychologists have preformed many studies and proposed many theories regarding learning. Learning can be defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior that is due to past experience.
In order to understand the functional relationship between learning and memory we have to first define what both learning and memory are. Learning can be described as “the acquisition of knowledge or skills through experience, practice, or study, or by being taught” (Merriam-Webster, 2014). “Memory is the means by which we draw on our past experiences in order to use this information in the present” (Sternberg, 1999). Base on this definitions one can conclude memory is essential part of our lives. Without any memory of the past, we would not be able to operate in the present or reminisce about the future. We would not be able to remember what we did a few days ago, what we have accomplished today, or what we intend to do tomorrow. Without memory our ability to learn would not exist. Learning and Memory are linked to our cognitive abilities as well as that of animals. An example that can be used to show the relationship between learning and memory is the study of how a rat behaves in a maze. As we all know rats have been used in experimental mazes since at least the early 20th century. Hundreds if not thousands of studies have looked at how rats run different types of mazes, from T-maze, to radial arm mazes, and to water mazes. These maze studies help scientist study spatial learning and memory in rats. Maze studies helped us uncover general principles about learning that can be applied to several species, including mankind. In today’s modern societies, mazes tend to be used to determine whether different treatments affect learning and memory in rats. According to Kolata al, 2005 case study the tasks that comprise the learning battery were specifically chosen so that each one placed specific sensory, motor, motivational, and info...
The Early Years Learning Framework (EYLF) (DEEWR, 2009) identifies inquiry as central to effective early years learning. Teachers are able to provide opportunities for an inquiry-based approach to learning that can assist young children to explore their family through the history curriculum. Inquiry based learning is a comprehensive pedagogical approach to early years’ education. It is important for inquiry skills not to be taught in isolation, however they should be integrated into other subjects (Michalopoulou, 2014). Inquiry-based learning is deeply related to the EYLF, the history curriculum as well as creative and critical thinking. This essay will discuss inquiry based learning and how it can be positively incorporated into the history
When I think about what counts as learning to me, I think about my life. Just being able to live in this world to me is a learning experience, because I feel that my life is full of lessons and I believe that it takes lessons to learn in life. I feel that I have learned to understand learning more and to also understand the value of learning. As I get older I can comprehend subject matters more than I could ever do before. I am learning to be more serious and I find myself not taking life for granted anymore.
Educations a key component to the development of mankind; however, there is a distinct difference in the education of adults versus the education of children. It is not practical to assume a learning style used for a kindergartener would be applicable for an adult business person. In fact, pedagogy, or the science of learning, can help explain the constructs required to teach and learn in life and the classroom. Understanding the class of learners and the distinct backgrounds they may have is critical to effective teaching (Kelly, 2006). A class of adults from one state or region may not learn the same as one from another; therefore, understanding the specific needs of an audience is imperative to effective learning.
Our subjectivity is heavily influenced by the amount of education that we receive. The effort that people contribute to enhancing academic excellence today is what makes learning possible and effective. Through the proper use of our academic knowledge we can construct society together. Schooling is an evident pathway toward generating social change and it is important that education is properly enforced and easily accessed by all people. Because education enables a person to grasp an understanding of his or her society, we as educated people have a crucial responsibility for contributing to social advancement.
Learning is defined as a “process of change that occurs as a result of an individual’s experience” (Mazure, 2006). Researchers assume that the process of learning follows certain general principles, which were developed, into the general process learning theories. These include operant conditioning and classical conditioning which has been put forward by leading psychologists like Pavlov, B.F.Skinner and Thorndike. However, in learning, operant and classical conditoning are opposed by biological constraints that state that there are limitations to the theories. Some of these biological constraints on learning will be discussed below.
Many articles can attest to the subject that is, why education doesn 't just stop at school. Lily Claiborne, Annie Paul, and Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi are all people who have written articles about learning outside the classroom. Things like the internet, world experiences/ responsibilities, and your peers, teach you so much more that you ever would in a classroom. Articles like “Teaching Outside the Classroom” by Lily Claiborne, “Informal education: What students are learning outside the classroom” by Annie Paul, and “Education for the 21st Century” by Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, show great examples to why learning doesn 't stop at school. Going to school may be a primary form of education, but with the immense amount
claiming that “An entity learns if, through its processing of information, the range of its
Classical conditioning and operant conditioning both played a key role in the history of the study of learning, but, as argued by B.F Skinner, there are key differences to be noted between the two (Gleitman, Gross, Reisberg, 2011).
When you step back and look at the big picture of life, you will notice that the concept of learning plays an essential role in it. What you learn and how you learn is your key to life success and it can open a multitude of doors for you along the way. Learning, however, is routine and much like other activities that are routine such as brushing your teeth or eating meals, you begin to think less and less about what you are doing or how you have been doing it. I never actually put too much thought into how I learned or the origins of my learning experience, but after reflecting on the ideas I have been able to clearly identify the manners in which I have learned and how I can transform my learning experience
I believe that Face to Face learning is better than online learning because students have access to various learning resources on campus verses off. Face to face allows students to have instant gratification with answers and help. When a student is in class they can ask questions while it is fresh on their mind or help with a particular problem. If the student was at home online they would have to wait for the instructor to email them back. Is that really more conducive to a person’s education and learning?