In fisheries and aquaculture twenty five PPP projects in developing countries were identified, where, only 59 % of the partnership was observed to be on organic certification, product handling, food safety and marketing, to increase access to national and international markets; whereas, the partnership was also needed in seed-dissemination systems, feed production and supply networks to sustain the sector (Weirowski and Hall, 2008). On the other hand, it is observed that the primary producers in fisheries and aquaculture are weak, vulnerable to exploitation and dependent partners when compared to other private and public partners and therefore, model of active partnership between the community and other partners, primarily through a planned NGO- interventions is needed (Lewis, 1998). Therefore, to empower community, the concept of Public-Private-community Partnership (PPCP) in inland fisheries is explored in this paper.
Intension to explore the prospects of PPCP can be further realized from the facts that fishers and fish farmers are observed to possess less bargaining power with service providers, as they are unorganized, scattered, and are dealing with perishable food item. As a result, they are rarely approached by such agent (Markelovaa, et al, 2009). Moreover, the investment constraint of government led to the realization of the partnership approach. Therefore, an intensive and pluralistic fisheries and aquaculture extension model is needed. Such a model can be sustainable, if the private partners, like, input suppliers and marketing agents are selected on the basis of fishers and fish farmers expectations. Such “bottom up approach to PPCP” is more important in fisheries and aquaculture. The other intension to conduct this study was to explore the factors, including community expectations from potential public and private partners, that influenced the income of the fishers and fish farmers.
Partnerships, that started in 1990s (Higgins, 1998), begins with the expectation that each party would achieve far greater goals than each ever may by working individually (Kumaran et al., 2010). It was later classified as statutory, voluntary, commercial or contractual (Geddes, 2005) having components, like, joint planning, operating controls, communications, risk or reward sharing, trust, contract style and investment (Lambert, 2008). Therefore, it is mainly dependent on analysis of need, gap, opportunities, expectation, discussion, consensus, commitment, goal, rules, planning, responsibilities, motivation, negotiation, evaluation and recognition (Anandajayasekaram and Puskur, 2010). Further, there is a need to identify the “Partnership-performance parameters” (Waal et al, 2010). On the other
Partnership – “A legal entity formed by two or more co-owners to operate a business for profit.” (Longenecker, Petty, Palich, Hoy, Pg. 202) In a partnership, the advantage for the owners is the capability to reduce the workload and the financial burden, especially if each partner has management skills that enhances the business. The disadvantages of a partnership such as personal conflicts and leadership expectations, therefore this organizational form should only be chosen once all other options have been considered.
To fish or not to fish is a personal choice. The fact that the oceans are being overfished is a growing concern for individuals, organizations, and governments throughout the world. In this paper I want to discuss the effects of overfishing on the restaurant industry, and possible solutions to solve the problem. Fishing is an ongoing source of food for people around the world. In many countries it is a food staple in their everyday diet. In more modern societies eating fish has become a sensual experience, and not just for the wealthy. It hasn't been until population explosions in the last century that the demand for seafood has led to more effective fishing techniques and technologies. Now the demand for popular fish like the salmon, tuna, sea bass, cod and hoki, which is the key fish in McDonalds filet o' fish, is diving wild populations to dangerously low levels. The methods used to catch the amount of fish demanded by the industry do not leave sustainable populations in the wild. In an attempt to preserve the fish population, governments have set limits on the minimum size that may be harvested and how many of each may be taken. Boundaries have been set up saying which areas can be fished and which ones should be left alone. A number of smaller fisheries have gone out of business because of the limits imposed by the government. This leads to even less fish being harvested and brought to market. Therefore the amount and varieties of fish at markets are smaller and can cause shortages for wholesalers and restaurants. Some restaurants will no longer have the variety on their menus that they used to enjoy. If a restaurant thrives on its seafood menu they may be unable to cope with the shortages and will go out of business. In the ...
Management of aquaculture business is an intensive and time consuming job in terms of assess water quality, type of feed, disease control, dissolved oxygen, temperature and the farm environment. Cost proficiency in production will translate into profit; standardization of farm products; marketing strategy in terms of quality, target market, etc, with a quality labor mix. It is equally very important for one to understand the policy of the Federal Government of Nigeria on fish importation, and possible incentives for local
Arunatilake, M., Gunawandena, A., Marawila, D., Samaratunga, P., Semaratne, A., & Thibbotuwawa, M. Analysis of the Fisheries Sector in Sri Lanka. Institute of Policy Studies of Sri Lanka (IPS). Retrieved February 10, 2014, from http://www.ips.lk/
Imagine a world where every country has a surplus of healthy, safe food. Imagine a world where this food comes from an environmental friendly source. Now imagine that all of this food is incredibly affordable for everyone. A world that is growing with more mouths to feed everyday craves the scientific advancements and achievements of agriculture in the near future. In this world, the idea for sustainable and economical agriculture is becoming recognized as the best solution for a hungry population. A fairly new system of agriculture combines aquaculture and hydroponics to form aquaponics. Aquaculture is fish farming where commercial fish are kept in containers, ponds, or tanks; hydroponics is essentially growing plants without the means of soil, using mainly water distribution (Blidariu & Grozea, 2011). These two methods combined form a sustainable and mutualistic system called aquaponics. Separately, aquaculture and hydroponics have negative implications in their systems. However, when fused together in aquaponics, the two systems solve the other’s problems (Blidariu & Grozea, 2011). Aquaponics is an innovative agriculture system that has been implemented from a need to resolve the ailments of the separate systems of aquaculture and hydroponics; this new system has effects that are beneficial to the producer, consumer, and the environment.
Recklies, D (2001) ‘The value chain’, Recklies Management Project GmbH, http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/fisheries/docs/ValueChain.pdf accessed 12 Jan 2014
It is said that the markets should focus on the agrobiodiversity since it has a big role and has a potential in entering the markets. Studies have made under Biodiversity International and concluded that agrobiodiversity can be handled or supported by the markets. The agricultural products are important to be in the market not only to benefit the farmers, but also to increase the production of the agricultural products of the different countries like the coconuts. For example the Coconuts in Vietnam (Tam Quan Nam), the people occasionally sell the raw product because their community is poor in growing coconuts. The people wanted to increase the production so they made different products using coconuts like ropes, doormats, geotextiles and many more. Because of all of this, the people in Vietnam earned more because their community consumes a lot of
IFPRI-ICAAP will join with above local stakeholders to implement the project and bring the innovative and sustainable model to provide comprehensive advisory services to the small and marginal farmers and link them with the market for profit realization.
...ew technology without adequate intervention might lead to a wider technical gap between the smallholders and industrialized aquaculture companies. After the GIFT project ended, it was transferred to a private company, which continued the development of GIFT and GIFT related strains. The commercialization of the techniques might further limit the access of fish seeds for the smallholders.
Aquaculture provides food and nutrients to millions of people allover the world. Fish provides key nutrients and proteins and it benefits people of all classes. Fish is full of nutrients that the human body needs. Fish is distributed to people less fortunate and by providing these nutrients to people it can fight hunger for thousands of people all over the world. In the United States, 80% of our fish is imported and around 50% of those fish came from fish farms. Aquaculture plays a big role on the environment also. Many species of fish are severely over fished by commercial businesses and they soon cannot meet the food demand for the world market. Aquaculture provides a stable supply of fish and shellfish for the world market and it also takes the stress of overfished populations. Aquaculture can benefit recreational fish such as bass and other very important ecological species and habitats. With the expansion of Aquaculture, it provides thousand of jobs for jobless
Deciding how important decisions are made is crucial in any business structure, but even more so when there is more than one owner. Therefore, the partnership agreement mandates how the owners will make decisions by either unanimous vote or by majority vote. Capital contributions include funds provided by the partners to be utilized in the business. The partnership agreement dictates how much each partner will contribute to the business as well as plan for future financial obligations. Salaries and distributions are often classified as partner withdrawals and profit/loss allocation. The partnership agreement establishes when money is available for withdrawal and how much of the profits and losses are allocated based on capital contributions. All business entities should be prepared for worst-case scenarios involving death, disability, and dissolution. Deaths and disabilities are untimely, so the partnership agreement outlines who inherits the partnership’s assets through trusts and wills. Dissolution is never a pleasant topic to think about in the beginning, but it is essential nonetheless. The section inclusion in the partnership agreement enables the partners to be prepared in the event that a dissolution does occur (Neville
Development Programmes are projects that are meant to address significant developmental challenges and opportunities arising from global trends, emergent policy issues, capacity limitations and problems in the communities. The aim being to enhance livelihoods and poverty reduction in some of the poorest communities. Knowledge, skills and experience are applied to bring about improvements in food security, sustainable agricultural productivity and natural resource management, market access and income generation, in a bid to improve livelihoods. 1
Aquaculture is one of the fast-improving sources of food and raw material stock for industry from which the Philippines takes up a significant role in the world market (BFAR-PHILMINAQ, 2007). It continues to be the main driver of growth for the agricultural sector of the country that provides a number of socio-economic benefits, including food provision, income generation and livelihood. In several areas throughout Southeast Asia, crab production is one of the substantial aquaculture industries especially in the Philippines, Vietnam, Indonesia, Sarawak. (Oluwatoyin et al., 2013).
Human beings live on production of agriculture and aquaculture. However, due to the increase of human population, the need of food production has become a problem. We are more starving for food to eat than any time before, so we need more land to plant grains, hope those product can grow as fast as possible. We put lot of products in a small area to have more profit. However, there are also a lot of problems caused by these process. Lots of disadvantages are caused at the same time on both agriculture and aquaculture, such as, deforestation, erosion, desertification in Agriculture and Injection problems in fish farming. I do not mean that we should stop agricultural activities because it can bring negative impact to the nature. In my point
According to Stension (2006) indigenous skills of fishing was been passed down from generation to generation contribute to the development of people survival (p. 65). It also helps individuals to be educated and provide families need and want (p. 65-66). For example in Tuvalu...