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6 principles of family systems theory
6 principles of family systems theory
6 principles of family systems theory
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Intervention Description Regarding military marriage and divorce, the most commonly applied intervention is the Prevention & Relationship Enhancement Program (PREP). (Markman, Rienks, & Stanley, 2009) This intervention was developed in 1980, primarily as a premarital intervention program, to focus on relationship functioning enhancement and divorce prevention. (Markman et al., 2009) Because research at the time indicated that relationship success was hinged primarily on the method of conflict resolution rather than the conflict topic, the intervention was designed to focus on enhancing communication and conflict resolution skills. (Markman et al., 2009) “In addition to being based on available research on marital success, PREP built on the work of Sherod Miller and associates' Couples Communication Program, Bernard Guerney's Relationship Enhancement Program, as well as Virginia Satir's and Salvador Minuchin's versions of family system theory.” (Markman et al., 2009) PREP was initally executed beyond research context in 1991 when it was implemented by Department of the Navy chaplains and social workers. (Markman et al., 2009) Consequently, the Department of the Army followed suit implementing PREP in 1995. (Markman et al., 2009) As a result of its success, PREP was additionally adopted by many other agencies, organizations, state and federal offices, and youth programs throughout the country. (Markman et al., 2009) Though PREP has seen much success, the initial inferences were based on white middle-class American’s who were already experiencing contentment with their marriages/relationships; and needed further research to evaluate effectiveness for lower income and minority couples. (Markman et al., 2009) As such, the PR... ... middle of paper ... ...nks, S., & Stanley, S. (2009). Prevention and Relationship Enhancement Programs (PREP). In H. T. Reis, & S. Sprecher, Encyclopedia of human relationships (pp. 1291-1293). Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, Inc. Paiz, J. M., Angeli, E., Wagner, J., Lawrick, E., Moore, K., Anderson, M., . . . Keck, R. (2013, March 01). General Format. Retrieved from Purdue Online Writing Lab: https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/ Renick, M. J., Blumberg, S. L., & Markman, H. J. (1992). The Prevention and Relationship Enhancement Program (PREP): An empirically based preventive intervention program for couples. Family Relations, 41(2), 141-147. Stanley, S. M., Allen, E. S., Markman, H. J., Rhoades, G. K., & Prentice, D. L. (2010). Decreasing divorce in army couples: Results from a randomized controlled trial using PREP for Strong Bonds. J Couple Relatsh Ther, 9(2), 149–160.
Stover, C. S., Meadows, A. L., & Kaufman, J. (2009). Interventions for intimate partner violence: Review and implications for evidence-based practice. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 40(3), 223-233.
Writing with Readings and Handbook. 3rd ed. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 2013. 52-57. Print.
Szapocznik, J., Schwartz, S. J., Muir, J. A., & Brown, C. H. (2012). Brief strategic family therapy. Couple and Family Psychology: Research and Practice, 1(2), 134–145.
Gurman, A. S., & Kniskern, D. P. Research on marital and family therapy: Progress, perspective and
Gottman (1999) conveys that the integration of active listening and conflict resolution techniques is not sufficient to safeguard marriages from a probable divorce. Due to that couples who develop throughout the years a high level of
Richardson, Christina D. Rosen, Lee A. “School-Based Interventions For Children Of Divorce.” Professional School Counseling 3.1 (1999): 21. Vocational and Career Collection.Web. 26 Feb. 2014
Marriage is a commitment that seems to be getting harder to keep. The social standards placed on an individual by society and influenced by the media inevitably lead some to consider divorce as a “quick-fix” option. “Have it your way” has become a motto in the United States. It has become a country without any consideration of the psychological effects of marriage and divorce. The overwhelmingly high divorce rate is caused by a lack of moral beliefs and marital expectations.
According to recent statistics, there are more divorces now than ever before. At the rate things are going, the divorce rate may soon surpass the marriage rate. There are many reasons for such a high divorce rate, but one of the main ones is that people do not realize what they are getting themselves into when they marry. Couples do not realize that marriage is a job that must be worked at continuously in order for it to go well. Because many couples marry for the wrong reasons, a breakdown in communication results, which leads to a couple's growing apart. This process, all too often, ends in divorce.
Smith, P. H., Homish, G. G., Leonard, K. E., & Cornelius, J. R. (2012). Intimate partner
Gurman, A. S., & Fraenkel, P. (2002, Summer). The history of couple therapy: A millennial review. Family Process, 41, 199-260. Retrieved from http://proquest.umi.com
Neuleib, Janice, Kathleen Shine Cain, and Stephen Ruffus, eds. Mercury Reader for English 101. Boston: Pearson Learning Solutions, 2013 Print.
Marriage and family counselors are counselors distinctively trained to work with family systems and provide therapy for people who wish to solve emotional conflicts. Their goal, with therapy, is to revise people's perceptions and behavior, expand communication, and prevent individual and family crises. Although marriage and family counseling has a broad history, formal recognition of the professional counseling specialization can be traced to the establishment in 1989 of the International Association of Marriage and Family Counseling (IAMFC), which is a division of the American Counseling Association. Requirements for marriage and family counselors typically include a master’s degree in counseling, two years or three thousand hours of supervised clinical experience, and state-recognized exams.
The statistics for divorce in America are alarming. As of 2013, forty-three percent of all marriages end in divorce. (Trudi Strain Trueit) Of that percentage, only twelve percent went through a friendly and easy divorce. (Trudi Strain Trueit) Research shows that more than twenty percent of people have parents who argue excessively prior to their divorce. (Trudi Strain Trueit) Sometimes, the split helps calm these tensions, but statistics show that most couples who separate, will get divorced. Other times, the fighting continues after the divorce, with children getting caught in the middle. Studies show that the divorce rate among couples with children is forty percent lower than couples without children. (Miller)
Marital quality, is traditionally defined as an, “individual’s affective response varying in the amount of satisfaction, gratification, or happiness with his or her marriage” (Shriner, 2009, p. 83). Martial satisfaction is often used as a global best measure of marital quality. The Quality of Marriage Index, for example, is a six-item measure of marital quality, which only includes questions that relate to marital satisfaction (Norton, 1983). Fincham and Bradbury (1987), found that the Marital Adjustment Test (Locke and Walace, 1959), which is purposed to assess overall marital quality, has 22% of the possible score on this assessment as marital happiness. The Dyadic Adjustment Scale (Spanier, 1976), another measurement that is commonly used to assess marital quality, assesses for satisfaction and other aspects of marriage including dyadic consensus, cohesion, and affection expression. However, these subscales although admirable, all assess for compatibility, which indirectly points back to satisfaction within the relationship. To be more clear, satisfaction and compatibility go hand it hand with the American glamorization of romantic love and the assumptions that if spouse are compatible and satisfied, these are the ingredients to a long happy marriage (Crawford, Houts, Huston, & George, 2002). Crawford et. al (2002) mentioned that, “the consistency of the link found between companionship and satisfaction has been such that the notion that companionship is some how ‘good’ for marriage has acquired the status of a cultural truism” (p.
According to the 2014 National Survey of Family Growth conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), every year, 2, 077, 000 couples in the United States get married. Unfortunately, almost 50% of these marriages end in divorce (Jasmin). What happened to “Till death do us part?” Has marriage lost its value in the society? Why has divorce become prevalent? According to a survey conducted by Daily Infographic, poor communication, finances, abuse, lack of interest to each other, and infidelity are the top five most typical reasons of divorce. In marriage, hurdles such as arguments, contrasting ideas, and other problematic circumstances are as inevitable as taxes. The significant factor though is how a couple (despite their differences) handles those quandaries. Although divorce can be a remedy to undesired relationship, the dissolution of marriage can be distressing and can cause economic adversity to the couple, and can bear a negative impingement to the child.