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Model of planned change
The theory and practice of change management
The theory and practice of change management
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Recommended: Model of planned change
The ideal approach to creating change in any organization is to apply a realistic and deductive method of planned change. Within the realm of planned change, there is an eight-step process to implementing a program. However, there are four elements that are fundamental to any plan of action that will allow for an environment conducive to planned change. Planned change requires that those responsible for making decisions are not only rational, but must also have access to specific information pertaining to the plan, as well as the lack of constraints on time and resources (Stojkovic et al., 2008). The four key elements of planned change help to guarantee success in reaching a rational approach to important changes.
The four elements needed for substantial change are innovation, accountability, leadership that will challenge historical routines, and commitment to change. In the area of innovation, it is important to note that successful change cannot occur in a passive environment and that a proactive approach for planned change is necessary (Stojkovic et al., 2008). Just as planned change cannot be successful without innovation and a proactive approach; there should also be a proactive approach to the accountability of the decision- makers if one wants to see the planned change succeed. While many organizations have already set forth accountability guidelines, they are not without a measure of corruptibility (Stojkovic et al., 2008). To implement planned changed that is going to be above reproach, a system of accountability with safeguards in place to limit corruption is necessary.
The third element necessary for planned change is that there must be an acceptable leadership that is not afraid to challenge the status quo. To...
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...is an insider that will guide the forces of change while simultaneously altering the climate in a positive manner (Stojkovic et al., 2008).
The entire concept of an organizational change being handled sensitively with the entire culture being considered is in stark contrast to the paramilitary model where the climate is not conducive to change. Large police agencies and correctional systems are organized in a bureaucratic hierarchy. They have a clear chain of command that is rampant with formality that often makes it difficult to institute any type of change (Stojkovic et al., 2008). The top-down hierarchy considers only the organization as a whole, with top level administrators making the decisions for everyone. The lack of concern for subordinates often creates a climate of hostility that can often breed insubordination, but leave little room for alteration.
Leading Change was named the top management book of the year by Management General. There are three major sections in this book. The first section is ¡§the change of problem and its solution¡¨ ; which discusses why firms fail. The second one is ¡§the eight-stage process¡¨ that deals with methods of performing changes. Lastly, ¡§implications for the twenty-first century¡¨ is discussed as the conclusion. The eight stages of process are as followed: (1) Establishing a sense of urgency. (2) Creating the guiding coalition. (3) Developing a vision and a strategy. (4) Communicating the change of vision. (5) Empowering employees for broad-based action. (6) Generating short-term wins. (7) Consolidating gains and producing more changes. (8) Anchoring new approaches in the culture.
Spector, B. (2013). Implementing organizational change: theory into practice. (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ
In today’s ever changing world people must adapt to change. If an organization wants to be successful or remain successful they must embrace change. This book helps us identify why people succeed and or fail at large scale change. A lot of companies have a problem with integrating change, The Heart of Change, outlines ways a company can integrate change. The text book Ivanceich’s Organizational Behavior and Kotter and Cohen’s The Heart of Change outlines how change can be a good thing within an organization. The Heart of Change introduces its readers to eight steps the authors feel are important in introducing a large scale organizational change. Today’s organizations have to deal with leadership change, change in the economy,
... organization to do so. Leaders galvanize commitment to embrace change through three interrelated activities: more usefulying strategic intent, building an organization, and shaping organizational culture.”(Pearce, 2004)
Change is something that is necessary for the survival of a company, but can sometimes be difficult to instate. That is what is discussed in the book A Sense of Urgency by John Kotter. The central theme of this book is leadership, and how it is required to initiate change.
Change is the only constant in life. And therefore it should be understood as part of a continuing work in progress that calls for a much broader canvas that seeks out competing voices, and works with the resulting ambiguities, contradictions and tensions of messy reality (Graetz, F. & Smith, A., 2010). In this submission I try to show that organizational change is majorly based on the environment surrounding it much more than the desire of the members or change agents working in that organization. This view diverts from that of Lippitt, (1958) who suggests that implementing planned organizational changes successfully depends on premeditated interventions intended to modify the functioning of an organization. It also diverts from the traditional approaches to organizational change that generally follow a linear, rational model in which the focus is on controllability under the stewardship of a strong leader or ‘guiding coalition (Collis, 1998). In this discussion therefore, comparison made between the different philosophies of change and I try to show that successful change implantation largely depends on an organizations appreciation of what goes on around it rather than what they have planned as a strategic direction.
“Leading Change: Why Transformation Efforts Fail” is an article written by John P. Kotter in the Harvard Business Review, which outlines eight critical factors to help leaders successfully transform a business. Since leading requires the ability to influence other people to reach a goal, the leadership needs to take steps to cope with a new, more challenging global market environment. Kotter emphasizes the mistakes corporations make when implementing change and why those efforts create failure; therefore, it is essential that leaders learn to apply change effectively in order for it to be beneficial in the long-term (Kotter).
...trying to implement change within an organisation as wide and as diverse as the New Zealand police force. Identifying groups that are resisting change is important as it helps to figure out a solution that can apply to everyone when it comes to implementing the change. Having critical perspectives of cultural change is also important as it shows the nature of how culture can begin within an organisation as well as highlighting the different challenges that can come with implementing a cultural change. It is also important to manage the resistance within an organisation because if not handled it could turn into a situation where officers were untrustworthy of the higher management within the organisation. This case study has shown both positive and negative points that have highlighted room for improvement within the management aspect of the New Zealand police force.
As Lopez and Ensari (2014) claim “… autocratic leadership style is more associated with the military, and seen as old-fashioned” (p. 20). As society continues to evolve, expand, and question the interactions law enforcement professionals have with their communities the old fashioned autocratic leadership style is no longer effective. Government agencies are now reevaluating the way in which they operate within changing societal standards, and leaders within these agencies must evolve and change to accommodate their followers, the agency changes, and the communities they
The changes in police culture have found some errors in managing this changes. Drawing on Kotters article, 50% of the companies failed in this error, by not establishing a great sense of urgency for changes which means that they are not setting right expectation, right goals and visions for the company which has the potential to jeopardise the future of the organisation. “Without motivation, people won’t help and the effort goes nowhere.” (Kotter 2007). As for the New Zealand Police they want urgent actions for changing the culture and to improve performance wit...
Change is a fundamental element of individuals, groups and all sorts of organizations. As it is the case for individuals, groups and societies, where change is a continuous process, composed of an indefinite amount of smaller sub-changes that vary in effect and length, and is affected by all sorts of aspects and events, many of which cyclic are anticipated ones. It is also the case for organizations, where change occurs repeatedly during the life cycle of organizations. Yet change in organizations is not as anticipated nor as predictable, with unexpected internal and external variables and political forces that can further complicate the management of change (Andriopoulos, C. and P. Dawson, 2009), which is by itself, the focus of many scholars in their pursuit to shed light on and facilitate the change process (Kotter 1996; Levin 1947; et al).
The change process within any organization can prove to be difficult and very stressful, not only for the employees but also for the management team. Hayes (2014), highlights seven core activities that must take place in order for change to be effective: recognizing the need for change, diagnosing the change and formulating a future state, planning the desired change, implementing the strategies, sustaining the implemented change, managing all those involved and learning from the change. Individually, these steps are comprised of key actions and decisions that must be properly addressed in order to move on to the next step. This paper is going to examine how change managers manage the implementation of change and strategies used
At the core of every successful organization lies that specific organization’s application of the basic principles of organization development. In the book written by Carter (2004) entitled Best Practices in Leadership Development and Organization Change, the concept of organization development was defined as an organization-wide effort and conceptual initiative intended to increase an organization’s viability and effectiveness. In most cases, organization development is described as a change initiative and educational strategy aimed at changing the values, beliefs, attitudes, as well as the structure of an organization for the betterment and improvement of the overall firm’s performance. On the other hand, some organizational analysts argue that while organization development may include a long list of change efforts initiative and implemented by a firm, this does not necessarily mean that such changes in the organization may bring about positive impact or consequences on the firm’s performance (Carter, 2004).
The world is constantly changing in many different ways. Whether it is technological or cultural change is present and inevitable. Organizations are not exempt from change. As a matter of fact, organizations have to change with the world and society in order to be successful. Organizations have to constantly incorporate change in order to have a competitive advantage and satisfy their customers. Organizations use change in order to learn and grow. However, change is not something that can happen in an organization overnight. It has to be thought through and planned. The General Model of Planned Change focuses on what processes are used by the organization to implement change. In the General Model of Planned Change, four steps are used in order to complete the process of change. Entering and Contracting, Diagnosing, Planning and Implementing, and Evaluating and Institutionalizing are the four steps used in order to complete the process of change in an organization. The diagnostic process is one of the most important activities in OD(Cummings, 2009, p. 30).
One of the first scholars to describe the process of organizational change was Lewin (1974). He described change as a three-stage process that consists of unfreezing, moving and freezing stage. During the unfreezing stage the organizations become motivated to change by some event or objective. The moving stage is like implementation when the organization actually makes the necessary change. Furthermore the freezing stage is reached when the change becomes permanent. Organizational change has also...