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Organisational change case study
Chapter 7 organization change; research and theory
Organisational change case study
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Module #6: Critical Thinking Assignment
INTRODUCTION
At the core of every successful organization lies that specific organization’s application of the basic principles of organization development. In the book written by Carter (2004) entitled Best Practices in Leadership Development and Organization Change, the concept of organization development was defined as an organization-wide effort and conceptual initiative intended to increase an organization’s viability and effectiveness. In most cases, organization development is described as a change initiative and educational strategy aimed at changing the values, beliefs, attitudes, as well as the structure of an organization for the betterment and improvement of the overall firm’s performance. On the other hand, some organizational analysts argue that while organization development may include a long list of change efforts initiative and implemented by a firm, this does not necessarily mean that such changes in the organization may bring about positive impact or consequences on the firm’s performance (Carter, 2004).
Why is diagnosis so vital in organizational change programs?
In their book entitled Organizational Behavior, Hellriegel and Slocum (2007) defined the concept of organizational diagnosis as the process of assessing the overall functioning of an organization, team, department, or job in order to discover the problem sources and areas of improvement. It involves the process of collecting data, analyzing, and drawing conclusions about the firm’s current operations. Apparently, the accurate diagnosis of the organizational functioning and problems is extremely essential to be “the main starting point for any organizational change plan” (p. 456).
In the process of gatheri...
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... best effort in order to accept change, implement it, and establish a new method of working and learning in the organization. Change essentially is what keeps an organization alive and moving towards higher levels of success.
References
Carter, L. (2004). Best practices in leadership development and organization change. Jossey Bass.
Change Management Coach. (2011). Kurt Lewin’s change management model. Retrieved from http://www.change-management-coach.com/kurt_lewin.html
Cummings, T. & Worley, C. (2004). Organization development and change. Thomson South-Western.
Hellriegel, D. & Slocum, J (2007). Organizational behavior. Cengage Learning.
Johnson, R. (1976). Management, systems, and society: An introduction. Pacific Palisades: CA, Goodyear Pub. Co.
Western, S. (2010). What do we mean by organizational development? Krakow, Krakow: Advisio Press.
This case study was about the president of Bubba Gump Shrimp Company, a restaurant chain specializing in seafood, whose practice structure and secret to success was to have and maintain minimal management turnover. In fact, his focus on turnover was so successful that he did not have a general manager leave for 3 years, and he has decreased management turnover from 36% to 16% in 2 years. The motivation of an organization’s employees significantly affects it success. Additionally, employee turnover, absenteeism, and tardiness weaken employee productivity.
Tsoukas, H. (1994), “What is management? An outline of a metatheory”, British Journal of Management, vol.5, pg.289-301
Robbins, S.P., & Coulter, M. (2009). Management (10th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
One of the change models of Organizational Development was created by Kurt Lewin. It includes three phases: unfreeze, move or change, and refreeze (Lewin, 1951, 1958). Lewin’s model recognizes the impormance of changing the people in organization and the role of top management involvement to overcome the resistance of change.
Wren. (2005). The History of Management Thought (5th ed.). Danvers, MA: Wiley & Sons. (Original work published 1976)
Nowadays with the rapid development of global business advanced, more and more organization retain change to existence within the competition. For years, change has been seen as a difficult task within an organisation, but things are quite different now. Statistic shows that 70 percent of change failed within the organisation depends on certain concern consideration (Kotter, 1995 & Smith, 2002). However, whether empirical evidence could offer reliable analysis for the rate of successful change, organization change is still the key elements for a successful organization (Shannon, Michael & James, 2016).During the past decade, the theory of organisation development has expanded in a variety of definition, but the core value is the applying of social science theory and variety of personal, group and system intervention measures to centralized on the implementation of the organization of positive humanism planning process of change (Allan et al 2015).
Individuals when faced with any major change will be inevitably resistant and will want to preserve the status quo, especially if they think their status or security within the organization is in danger (Bolognese, 2010). Folger and Skarlicki believe that organizational change produces skepticism in employees which make it problematic and possibly even impossible to contrive improvements within the organization (as cited in Bolognese, 2010) Therefore, management must understand, accept and make an effort to work with resistance, since it can undermine even the most well-conceived change efforts (Bolognese, 2010). Furthermore, Coetsee states for organizations to achieve the maximum benefits from change they must effectively create and maintain a climate and culture that does not support resistance and rewards acceptance and support ( as cited in Bolognese, 2010).
Organizational changes are constant in both the public and private sector. Some changes are small and easily managed and others are large scale vision changes. With organization-wide changes, such as a redirection in the organizations vision, strong creative leaders are needed to ensure the vision is sold to the employees and that the change is implemented smoothly. The Virginia Department of Corrections (VADOC) has recently changed visions to strengthen the way we create long term public safety. This change in mission and vision statements was a smooth process but has not been implemented without its share of issues.
The lack of success at Omega, Inc. rested in the hands of an incompetent sales staff who were not informed of the company’s mission statement and goals. The staff received limited training on the jobs they were to perform. Omega was faced with the challenge of getting the employees to achieve their sales quotas. According to (Aguinis, 2007), “There are two important prerequisites required before a performance management system is implemented: knowledge of the organization’s mission and strategic goals and knowledge of the job in question.” The benefit of superior knowledge of the organization combined with clear and agreed upon mission and strategic goals of their unit would afford employees the opportunity to make contributions that will have a positive impact on the organization as a whole. In addition, one must possess the knowledge of the job in question to execute the tasks necessary to be done and how they should be done. This knowledge is obtained through a job analysis. Omega failed to implement strategic planning throughout all the franchises. According to Aguinis (2007), “Strategic planning allows an organizati...
In the article, "How Loss Aversion and Conformity Threaten Organizational Change" by Sean Ryan explains, when organizations are implementing change leaders must understand that there are hurdles to go over to implement those changes. Ryan claims, "They need to understand how biases- their own, and their employee'- can shape behaviors and decisions, and prevent them from achieving what they set out to achieve" (Ryan, 2016). Many employees will have a negative bias towards change and fear that he or she will lose rather than win. Those individuals would instead stick with the status quo rather than challenge or change it for the better. In some cases when an organization is implementing change, executives do not realize that employees could
Van de Ven, A.H. and Poole, M.S. (1995) ‘Explaining development and change in organizations’ Academy of Management Review, 20/3, 510-40
Cummings, T. G. (2008). Organizational Development Diagnosis. Handbook of organization development (pp. 137-147). Los Angeles: SAGE Publications.
Combinations of different experiences and education have developed a variety of assumptions about how an organisation works. The use of metaphors when describing organisation movements and change is an important way in which we express these assumptions (Cameron and Green, 2012). Gareth Morgan’s (1986) work on organizational metaphors is good for understanding the different assumptions and beliefs about change that exists. He identifies eight organizational metaphors; machines, organisms, brains, cultures, political systems, psychic prisons and flux and transformation (Morgan, 1986).
One of the first scholars to describe the process of organizational change was Lewin (1974). He described change as a three-stage process that consists of unfreezing, moving and freezing stage. During the unfreezing stage the organizations become motivated to change by some event or objective. The moving stage is like implementation when the organization actually makes the necessary change. Furthermore the freezing stage is reached when the change becomes permanent. Organizational change has also...
When someone spoke about the phrase “Organizational Development” I need to admit I did not know what they were talking about. Even up to the first class, I was still puzzled about what organizational development was, despite having read the first twelve chapters in Practicing Organization Development: A Guide for Leading Change by Rothwell, Stavros, Sullivan, et.al. I felt as if I was learning another foreign language and was not sure of myself. Now, that we endured four face-to-face classes in Education Organization Development, I can now say that I understand the material in the class. As the halfway point has drawn to a close, there are five topics that were explained in either the Rothwell textbook, supplemental readings or class lectures that have stuck with me and had me thinking over and over again about the core topic of organizational development.