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Motivational strategies for organizations
Motivational strategies for organizations
What is an effective motivation
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Recommended: Motivational strategies for organizations
2.2 Peer interaction: reconsidering my fellow potential
In the above cited article (Norton, 1997) we can find the case of Mai, an interview which is particularly revealing in terms of motivation. Mai is an immigrant girl living in English speaking country. She explained that after attended to a 6 months-ESL intensive course, after achieving successfully some expected goals, she continued with an ordinary course. Mai had to do a big effort after working long hours to attend to this course. So, it could be said that her motivation was considerably high. However, she expressed an enormous frustration because despite all the sacrifices she was meant to do, she ended up learning “nothing at all”. Her reflection, as the reflection of many L2 students,
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Not only by listening a teacher or a fellow, students will be able to define themselves in such terms. The communication needs to be meaningful in order to engage them in the conversation. Something which is already quite difficult in an L2 adult class where all are immigrants and need the L2 as a lingua franca, becomes extremely difficult when students are in a L2 class in their home country with the possibility of speaking their L1/mother tongue freely after the class. That is one of the keys why peer interaction is not believed as an effective method among L2 …show more content…
It is the moment when the language becomes the subject and the object of study. This connection will help in the L2 learner’s language identity, contemplating and performing different roles from the new culture, no matter how far the geo-localization of this culture is. As Bauman explained in his essay Language, identity and performance (2000) about the Czech culture in folk life festivals, with dance and performance, could be perfectly translated to English language and culture: “Czech culture is enacted, embodied, and placed on display. [...] Such performance then represents for participants an arena for the display, contemplation, and manipulation of salient elements, practice and relationships that allow language to serve as resource for the expression of identity
A Training Guide for College Tutors and Peer Educators by Sally Lipsky defines the role and importance of peer tutors’ on college campuses, the importance of promoting active learning, how to incorporate critical thinking and questioning skills, assessing students’ learning, collaborative learning and group work. Furthermore, this book defines tutoring as a proactive process, the value of diversity and students, online assistance, and a summary of effective peer lead sessions. One of the major strengths of this book is the learning activities throughout to assist peer tutors with their tutees. For example, the activity in Chapter 2 (Promoting Active Learning) has what the tutor may potentially hear
The movie The Breakfast Club is a perfect example of peer relationships in the adolescent society. It shows the viewer some of the main stereotypes of students in high school you have a jock, a nerd, the weirdo, a rebel, and a prep. Over the course of a Saturday detention the different types of peers learn a lot about one another by hearing what each one has done to get into Saturday detention as well as why they chose to do it.
There are several key ideas that are crucial to understanding the best way to teach young, ELL students. The first idea is the importance of recognizing ELL’s feelings of isolation and alienation. When a teacher recognizes this, they are more capable of helping the student feel a part of the class. The student will struggle to participate if they do not feel like they belong with the other students. There is not only a language barrier, but also sociocultural differences that prohibit them from feeling accepted. Tiffany emphasizes the importance of acknowledging this problem and being aware during classroom activities. She suggests that you get a deep understanding of their cultural background, not just a “touristy” one.
“Motivation is the process whereby goal-orientated activity is instigated and sustained” (Schunk, Pintrich & Meece, 2008. As cited in Eggen & Kauchak, 2010, p.284). Motivation comes in many forms and can be divided into two broad categories - extrinsic and intrinsic motivation. Extrinsic motivators are external factors which can motivate a student; rewards are an example of this. An issue with extrinsic motivators is that the desire for the learner to participate often lessens, once the rewards are withdrawn (McCullers, 1987). On the other hand intrinsic motivation comes from within - learning for the joy of it - where the desire to learn leads to a higher level of knowledge, and is a reward in itself. Kohn (1996, p.285) states that research suggests, “Rewards actually decrease interest in intrinsically motivating tasks, therefore sending the wrong message about learning” (as cited in Eggen & Kauchak, 2010a)
It is tied up in the culture of the people, that the language cannot be adequately criticized without calling up the ire of the people who speak it. As a result, Anzaldua says that, “if you want to really hurt me, talk badly about my language. Ethnic identity is twin skin to linguistic identity—I am my language.” (Anzaldua, pg. 3) Cultural identity, she declares, personal and independent identity, those are inherently tied up in the language we speak. That is the universal message Anzaldua champions: that language defines who we are as much as the color of our skin, our sex, or a million other
Motivation to learn- The motivation is possibly for self-esteem, recognition or the possibility of a better quality of life.
Besides, accordingly with what we saw in class the other day “distinguishing between language and culture is synonymous with distinguishing between “linguistically formed culture (language) and non-linguistically formed culture (culture)” (Risager 2006:6) , and this distinction affected both the generic and the differential level. Thus, we conclude that language and culture are generally interwoven and inseparable, although we can establish differences between them. Hence, applying the close relationship of language and culture to language teaching, we could claim that “language teaching must inevitably be accompanied by teaching about cultural phenomena in the countries where the target language is
...xpressing her Chinese culture. Mastering a second language allows her to articulate her and her mother’s thoughts; it is a foundation for her pride and a foundation to express herself. For Gloria Anzaldua, instead of choosing one language over the other, she chose a mix of the two and fights for it. She realized the value of her language when she lost it and now treasures it. The kind of Spanish she speaks is neither English nor Spanish, but both. It is overflowing with culture from Medieval Spain, France, Germany, etc., just from the origins of the words. It is her pride and a representation of herself, fighting and living. In conclusion, in addition to Lera Boroditsky’s article proving that the structure of language affects how we think, the articles by Eric Liu, Amy Tan, and Gloria Anzaldua show how language is a foundation for a person’s culture, pride, and self.
“Language is the light of the mind” (Mills, n.d.) This quote is a prime illustration of the impact language places in the context of various cultures. Whether it be a specific culture, such as Bulgarian, or language on a grander scale, it is language’s role to encapsulate the essence of human interaction. In addition, each culture is uniquely identified through its own idioms, alphabet, history, and ultimately its linguistic relativity in general. Overall, language is imperative for communication cross-culturally and interpersonally. In sum, it is importunate of culture to have an effective language which carries not only an established written alphabet, history, and uniqueness, but also holds specific characteristics
The idea to include L1 as part of the language teaching system has been debated upon in recent years. The strong anti-L1 suggest on a complete prohibition of L1 in classrooms, while many others see L1 as a tool to better students’ learning of the TL. This section will highlight the pros and cons arguments for using the L1 in classrooms, along with further evidence supporting the advantages mother tongue bring to the language learning, and teaching process.
While reflecting back on the very first day of the RA Workshop series, I remember being full of nerves and a little confused about how I was going to progress through the series. I was very outgoing from the beginning, but somewhat reserved and timid at the same time. In addition, I felt that I also notably lacked confidence in my ability to be a strong leader due to my laid back and non-assertive outlook. However, through his process, I have been able to gain a greater self- awareness of myself, learned to accept how I relate to people, and am leaving a lot more confident in who I am as a leader and developing educator. As I move forward in my professional life as a teacher, I realize that for the rest of my life one of the main purposes
Language is typically viewed as the verbal communication between people; words used with convention and within structure. This definition is frequently extended to the expression of external features and communication of thoughts developed both independently of their verbalizations and accompanying them. One often overlooked aspect of language, however, is culture. The ways in which one’s native language personally relates to the rest of their role and position within a community, as well as how it relates to sub-groups within that community, changes how the language is perceived.
...1996) indicated that well-motivated language learners realize the progress they are making, hence they are motivated to achieve further effort and success. Williams et al. (2002)( p.506) pointed out that the aspect of motivation to learn a second or foreign language is more complex than other learning aspects. However, beside the agreement on the issue of complexity, the instruments of social and educational context are also considered essential factor that increase motivation. Additionally, Csizér and Dörnyei (2005), have also shown in their study the impact of educational instruments on learning integration. It was linked to "self-concept" that can be represented by the language choice and effort. The reader self-concept thus is an important element in influencing learners' literacy practices in the extent to which they evaluate themselves as readers.
Peer groups are a group of people, usually of similar age, background and social status, with whom a person associates and who are likely to influence the person’s beliefs and behaviour. Peer pressure refers to the influence exerted by a peer group in encouraging a person to change his/her attitudes, values in order to conform to group norms (Kirk, 2000). One of the most influential structures that shape human behaviour is the peer group in a society. This is because virtually every activity done in society is done with groups: in the church; school; at work among others. According to Glaser, Shleton & Bree (2010), the peer group may on one hand, serve as a model and influence behaviours and attitudes, whilst on the other hand, it may provide easy
My school has a cultural background which belongs to an agricultural one. The language these children were speaking is their native Creole English. On delivering the curriculum, I stressed only Standard English is to be used. This caused the children to be reluctant to participate in class. Afraid of being viewed as substandard, therefore discouraging their participation and decreasing their morale and self-esteem. To achieve effective communication with my charges I must now overcome the language barrier gap. I have learnt that both Standard English and Creole English can be treated as separate dialects, and Standard English can be viewed as the acquisition of a second dialect. My task now is to educate my pupils how and when they can use both dialects by now speaking at their level of Creole English and using both dialects when necessary in my classroom. This will boost the moral of my students resulting in effective communication, and a reduction in their aggressive behavior, thus enhancing the education