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Obstructive sleep apnea example essays
Obstructive sleep apnea case study
Essays on childrens sleep
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Introduction
A sleep study tracks your baby’s breathing rate, heart rate, and oxygen level while your baby is sleeping. This test is also called a pneumogram, pneumocardiogram, or pneumography.
A sleep study is done to monitor and detect periods when your baby stops breathing (apnea). Apnea is:
When more than 20 seconds pass without a breath.
When more than 10 seconds pass without a breath, and either the heart rate slows or the oxygen content of the blood decreases.
The most typical type of apnea is obstructive sleep apnea where the airway collapses or is blocked during sleep. A less common type of apnea is central sleep apnea in which the brain does not send the correct signals to the muscles responsible for breathing.
A sleep study is a noninvasive procedure. There are no needles or tubes used and the testing causes no pain. Both EEG monitors and cardiorespiratory or apnea monitors are used with adhesive electrodes. This study is commonly done in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for babies who are born before 37 weeks of pregnancy (premature).
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All medicines your baby is taking, including vitamins, herbs, eye drops, creams, and over-the-counter medicines.
Any medical conditions your baby has. If your baby has a fever or is sick, the sleep study will need to be postponed.
What are the risks?
Generally, this is a safe procedure. However, problems may occur, including:
Allergic reactions to the adhesive
Minor irritation where the adhesives are placed
What happens before the procedure?
Bring any medicine, inhalers, formula, or medical equipment your baby needs to the sleep
McKenna, James J. Joyce, Edmund P. "Cosleeping and Biological Imperatives: Why Human Babies Do Not and Should Not Sleep Alone." Neuroanthropology.net. n.p. 21 December 2008. Web. 8 March 2014
Researching sleep is difficult for a variety of reasons. The first reason for difficulty is the nature of experimentation. To truly isolate the sleep patterns, all time-giving cues, or zietgebers, have to be eliminated. Light, electromagnetic waves, the schedules of researchers, and even the growth of a facial hair on outsiders may lead the subject to guess the time of day. The body can detect even the faintest cues of time, so it is incredibly important that the subject be completely shut off from time giving cues. If the subject of the research knows the time of day, he or she may adjust accordingly, skewing results and making it all but impossible to collect the data needed.
According to Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, “In the United States, nearly thirteen percent of babies are born preterm, and many of these babies also have a low birth weight.” The baby may be put into the NICU for varies reasons. However, the most common reason that a child is put into the NICU is because he or she is premature. Premature means the baby was born before the 36 weeks. It is never good for a baby to be born early, as this could mean that the baby is not fully developed. There are other factors as to why a child may need to be put into the NICU after birth. For instance, birth defects can be the cause of why a baby is put into the NICU. A baby may be born with an infection such as herpes or chlamydia which can damage the newborns immune system at such a young age. Low blood sugar or hypoglycemia can also cause an infant to be put into the NICU. Some maternal factors of why a baby may be put into the NICU is if the mother is “younger than 16 or older than 40.” If the parent may be an alcoholic or expose the baby to drugs, this can put the child into NICU care. If the parent has an STD or sexual transmitted disease, the baby is most likely going to have to be put into the intensive care unit. “Twins, triplets, and other multiples are often admitted into the NICU, as they tend to be born earlier and s...
Continue by giving two slow breaths, one to one and a half seconds per breath. Watch for the chest to rise, and allow for exhalation between breaths. Check for a pulse. The carotid artery, on the side of the neck, is the easiest and most accessible. If breathing remains absent, but a pulse is present, provide rescue breathing, rescue breathing is one breath every three seconds.
Nocturnal polysomnography involves using equipment that monitors the heart, lung and brain activity, breathing patterns, movement of arm and leg, and blood oxygen levels while you sleep. A doctor may also provide a simplified test that can be used at home. These tests involve measuring heart rate, blood oxygen, and breathing patterns. The test results will show drops in oxygen levels during apneas. Individuals with obstructive sleep apnea may be referred you to an ear, nose and throat specialist to determine if there is a blockage in the nose or throat. For milder cases, a doctor may recommend lifestyle changes, such as losing weight or quitting
Wilson, J.F. (2005). Is sleep the new vital sign? Annals of Internal Medicine, 142 (10), 877-880.
Arousal disorders are the most common type of parasomnia. These disorders include: confusional arousals, sleepwalking, sleep terrors and nightmares. Experts believe that each is related and share some symptoms. Essentially, they occur because a person is in a mixed state of being both asleep and awake, generally coming from the deepest stage of non-dreaming sleep. The individual is awake enough to act out complex behaviors, but asleep enough not to be aware of or remember them.
Newborn babies normally feed every few hours throughout the day and night and may therefore sleep a few hours then wake up again. Because of this, parents cannot begin training the newborn or impose a regular schedule for sleeping. One must quickly respond to the child's hungry cries and feed her to comfort her. Although you may also lose sleep because of of this, you can try napping whenever the baby sleeps to catch up with yur own sleep.
Sleep Apnea (cessation of air flow at the mouth for greater than 10 seconds) can
...f a bed rest you'll need calm down your stress levels. The test is very simple. The pregnant woman will sit in a comfortable chair have 2 belts attached to her stomach, and clicks the beeper when she feels a movement. The printed just runs out the stress levels. This is also called the Braxton-Hicks contractions (Braxton-Hicks contractions 1).
There are 2 types of breathing, costal and diaphragmatic breathing (Berman, 2015). Costal refers to the intercostal and accessory muscles while diaphragmatic refers to breathing using your diaphragm (Berman, 2015).It is important to understand the two different types of breathing because it is vital in the assessment of the patient. For example, if a patient is suing their accessory muscles to aid in breathing then we can safely assume that they are having breathing problems and use a focused assessment of their respiration. Assessing respiration is fairly straightforward. The patient’s respiration rate can be affected by anxiety so a useful to avoid this is to check pulse first and after you have finished that, while still holding their pulse point, check their respiration rate. Inconspicuous assessment avoids the patient changing their breathing because they know they are being assessed which patients can sometimes do subconsciously. Through textbooks and practical classes I have learned what to be aware of while assessing a patient’s respiratory rate. For example; their normal breathing pattern, if and how their health problems are affecting their breathing, any medications that could affect their respiratory rate and also the rate, depth, rhythm and quality of their breathing (Berman, 2015). The only problem I found while assessing respiration rate was I thought it seemed a bit invasive looking at the
The test results were normal and the recorded long periods of silence and every now and then movement, a cough, maybe a little snore but that was all. At any rate, stage 2 (NREM-2) of the sleep cycle produces what is known as sleep spindles or bursts of rapid, rhythmic brain-wave activity which lasts about twenty minutes. As your heart rate begins to slow down and your body temperature drops you transition into a deeper sleep and this is stage 3 (NREM-3) of the sleep cycle. Slower brain waves or delta waves occur and a person becomes less responsive to any activity around them, such as noise. The person becomes like that of a dead person or at least that is what my Uncle Herbert would say. He told me I sleep like I am dead. He said he pinched me and hollered at me and I still would not wake up.
Technological advancements such as the electroencephalograph (EEG), that can measure activity of the sleeping brain, have facilitated various theories to explain the necessity of and the purpose of sleep. Sleep studies measure brain waves (EEG), eye movements (EOG), and muscle skeletal activity (EMG) using a polysomnography.
5: to break down in vital energy, stamina, or self-control through exhaustion or disease; especially: to fall helpless or unconscious
Newborn screening is the practice in which the harmful or potentially fatal conditions that can affect the infant's health or survival are detected. This process can prevent death or health problems and protect the infant against certain diseases and medical conditions. Newborn screening started in 1960's when many states in U.S.A. established a newborn test program for phenylketonuria (PKU) by using the Guthrie method, a system for the collection and transportation of blood samples on filter paper. Many Infants showed developments while receiving treatment. This success led to the addition of tests for other metabolic diseases. Over time, tests were added for endocrine disorders and now newborn screening program include more than 50 individual conditions.