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What scholars say about bilingualism
How does language reflect on our identity
Identity development
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1) The model for majority identity development consists of 4 stages. The first stage is Unexamined Identity. In this stage identity is not a concern. Individuals may be aware of cultural and physical differences, but there is no sense of superiority. At this first stage, communication is not based on racial differences. The second stage is Acceptance, in which the basic racial inequalities are accepted. The third stage is Resistance. At this stage, individuals of the dominant culture become more aware of the social inequities and they begin to question their own culture by blaming the social system for the racial problems instead of the minority members and by increasing their association with minority culture members. The last stage is Redefinition …show more content…
In order to accepted by the dominant group, people that use this strategies are willing to be isolated from their own culture and to sacrifice their authenticity to have a position in the dominant group. Secondly, accommodation strategies use language to blend with the dominant group but also to educate the dominant group about the co-cultural issues that they face. This strategy focuses on being part of the dominant group in order to make changes from within. Finally, separation strategies uses language to avoid interaction with the dominant group. This strategy focuses on promoting co-cultural unity, but people that use this strategy is against the assimilation and accommodation strategies, which can lead to conflicts between minorities.
8) Translation is the process of producing a written text that refers to something said or written in another language, while interpretation refers to the process of verbally expressing what is said or written in another language. A translator would be more effective than an interpreter when translating a book written in Hebrew to English. An interpreter would be more effective when verbally interpreting a conversation between two presidents. A bilingual person differs from a multilingual person in the way that someone bilingual speaks two languages and people that speak more than two languages are
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The environment which we call home and our neighborhood are cultural spaces. Our identities are strongly influenced by the cultural spaces in our lives. Our home is the immediate cultural context for our upbringing. It is variously defined as specific addresses, cities, states, regions, and even nations. Home can be a place of safety and security and we tend to identify ourselves with it regardless of what we wished it was. Neighborhood is a living area defined by its own cultural identity, especially an ethnic or racial one. Home is a very important factor of my identity. I grew up in the same city and when I was 13 I moves to the U.S. Although my home was not in Mexico anymore because I was living here, I still considered it my only home. For me, home is not a structure in which you sleep and eat, but it is a concept. Now when I think of home I think of both Mexico and here because now both cultural places have a meaning to
This model examines the relationship between the dominant culture and one with minority status, such as Latinos. Attitudes towards self, same minority group, different minority groups, and the dominant group are examined through five stages within the model. These include conformity, dissonance, resistance and immersion, introspection, and integrative awareness. The stage most pertinent to Antonio at this time is the Dissonance stage. During this stage, one starts to acknowledge the existence of racism, that he cannot escape his own heritage, and experiences conflict between shame and pride felt for his culture. This same shame versus pride conflict is also extended to members of his own minority group. Held stereotypes about other minority groups are now questioned as well. One in the Dissonance stage is also starting to realize that not all beliefs held by the dominant group are valuable or even accurate (Sue & Sue, 2003). Because of the two incidents Antonio endured during his freshman year and their emotional impact on him, he is becoming aware that even though he has “assimilated,” others of the majority group will still identify him as different. Antonio is also experiencing conflict between what members of the minority group (his parents) and the majority group feel are important; his parents believe he
he argues in support of racial identity and flexibility complementing one another. This proves that the further society evolves, the closer mankind gets to eradicating the idea of a dominant race. However, there are occasions where labels could hinder a person’s opportunity. In fact, culture is the newest label that society takes into account the most, and to a minority, the main goal is to embed the roots of the old generation into the next generation.
Human development is a highly complex lifelong process. Identity is a self-definition or sense of who one is, where one is going, and how one fits into society. It relates to our basic values that dictates the choices we make in life. It is considered that identity formation is a means of finding oneself, by matching one’s talent with available social roles. Crisis is a vital part in one’s development. It occurs in every stage of finding one’s self and without resolution, may lead to tension and role confusion. Dedicated and influential theorists such as Erik Erikson and James Marcia have contributed significantly to the broadening and understanding
Kwame Appiah, author of Racial Identities, explores the complexity between individual and collective identity. Throughout the text, Appiah attempts to define these complicated notions, noting their similarities and differences. He calls upon the ideas of other philosophers and authors to help formulate his own. Essentially, individual and collective identity are very much intertwined. Appiah argues that collective identities are very much related to behavior. There is not one particular way a certain ethnic group acts, but instead “modes of behavior (Appiah 127).” These behavioral acts provide loose norms or models. However, Appiah also notes that it is how individuals essentially make or allow these collective identities to become central
My initial conceptualization is that Biko is under a lot of stress. It’s his second year of college and he is pursuing a double major. That alone in itself can cause substantial stress. Not only is he dealing with academic stress but he is also having problems with his girlfriend Tanisha. Biko and Tanisha are not on the same page when it comes to premarital sex. Biko wants them to be sexually active and Tanisha doesn’t because of her religious beliefs. Biko also struggles to control his anger and has said that he feels like he is losing control and feels helpless and hopelessness. He is concerned how his anger will continue to cause problems with his social relationships. He has tried to channel his anger into other activities like working
Firstly, they used immigration to show the impact it has on race & ethnic identification. The changes in immigration laws have helped to move the demographics of more than one category. The influx of educated immigrants and the skillsets that they bring with them has helped to push the typology of categories for the groups that they belong to, it has also helped to move the relative positon of those groups in the social order. As a shift in the economic and educational achievements of immigrants are pushing the framework of each category, it is leading to an increase in the heterogeneity between and within the racial & ethnic groups. Changes in immigration is also leading to a change in the social relations within and between groups, as it is leading to increased interracial interactions in schools, workplaces and households. This is shifting the boundaries of this category as well. Secondly, the authors use multiracialism or hybridity, which is the ability of individuals to fit into multiple categories. It is seen that over time individuals are identifying themselves with multiple racial & ethnic categories, this is due to increased similarities between shared attributed by different groups. Increased interaction between groups has led to the identification of these similarities, and therefore has not only shifted the typology of categories but also the
As a Consequence of a dominant society racial and prejudicial ideology of blackness generates a stereotypical limit of black identity. Without knowing their identity, the dominant society’s racial prejudice causes them to see black individuals only as what they want to see them. The dominant society’s ideology proves too simplistic to explain something as sophisticated as human identity. Society’s Dominant organizations try to portray their stereotypical way of how black individuals should live in a society dominated by white individuals . The dominant races in society influence the way society treats the minor race by injection the racist ideas into how that race should act according to the rules of society. These racial ideologies cause the
· Dashefsky, A. (Eds.). (1976). Ethnic identity in society. Chicago: Rand McNally College Publishing Co. Smith, E.J. (1991). Ethnic identity development: Toward the development of a theory within the context of majority/minority status. Journal of Counseling and Development, 70, 181-187.
This essay will be looking to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the social identity theory with studies to support.
Finding an identity is a hard thing to do when you spend so much time fighting against who you think you are and who you want to be. Finding myself has defiantly been a challenge, but after finding the critical turning points of my identity development, I am proud of the person that I think I am, and I regard that person as someone that has fought through the thick and thin to achieve an identity of a successful, gay scholar.
Home is experienced in a multitude of ways using our senses. Impressions of our past and present homes materialize from a familiar smell, sight, feeling, taste or sound. We all live in a multi-sensory environment, where we can use one or more of our senses on a daily basis to absorb our surroundings. However, it is easily arguable that although each sense can conjure up a memory, or imprint a grasp of where we live or lived, certain senses are stronger with the recollection or the feelings we have of our home. If we live in the same home as other people, some of us will associate a certain smell to the home, while others will not; or a sound, etc., that I would not associate with that home.
The model led to the development of an assessment instrument to measure the white racial identity. According to Helms, developing a healthy white identity requires transition through two phases, abandonment of racism, and definition of a non-racist white identity. The two phases are characterized by six distinct racial identity statuses that are equally distributed. They include autonomy, contact, disintegration, immersion/emersion, pseudo independence, and reintegration. I find this model detailed, informative and helpful in understanding the white racial identity (Derald Wing Sue,
...he issue of ethnic minority achievement in schools is bound up with discussion of racial discrimination and integration ... issues which have occasionally come to the boil”. This shows that race and ethnicity does not only become a self-belonging to a cultural and political matter which cannot be solved without meaning. Walton and Caliendo (2011) confirm that the concept of race has to be considered in both cultural and political terms. Society has created a divide between individuals within the human race, to determine political and social power. The concept of race and the awareness that it could be used to distinguish groups from each other has lead to the creation of racism in society (Walton and Caliendo. 2011). This view has stated that identity construction has been used in order to label individuals and this has become a norm within education and society.
To begin with a brief definition of translation, it can be stated that it is basically transferring the words included in one language to the other by making necessary changes and sticking to the source language taken from either the source text or source speech. With the help of rapid technology and the network among countries, the significance given to translation has become an indispensable part of wide range of business and communication purposes. The source determines whether it will be a job of translators or interpreters. It is important to refer each of them by explaining the differences between them at this point.
We, from Western societies in general, tend to take for granted a feeling of belonging, which is usually described as being “home”. Where are the geographical coordinates of this home is not really an issue: it can be our actual house or anyplace that makes us feel comfortable. A place where we feel that nothing wrong can happen, a personal sanctuary. We all have that, right?