1. Indonesian Educational Language Policy: A Brief History Indonesia is a linguistically complex country with most Indonesians being bilingual or multilingual, speaking Bahasa Indonesia - the national and official language – plus one or more of the 700 vernacular languages (ICBS, 2010), plus a language with external roots (such as Arabic or English). For example, I speak Bahasa Indonesia, two vernacular languages (Javanese and Madurese), and English, and I am not unusual in doing so. Swiftkey (2015)
If we look at the New Language Policy, we can see how they believe that making English the “official” language would be detrimental to society. They list a bunch of reasons why we should not just have English as the “official” language. They talk about how it is unnecessary because most of America only speaks English, but 21% of those people speak another language other than English. That means that 58% of America speaks only English, those aren’t very good numbers considering that is almost half
official language policy in the U.S., the debate over whether the United States should announce English as its official language is a controversial one, with strong arguments on both sides. In this essay, we will explore the pros and cons of adopting English as the official language, consider the implications for social justice, and examine how language educators and professionals can promote inclusivity and equity in multilingual settings. Overview of official language policies Official language policies
Case Study The Welsh language promises an intriguing case study; informal de facto language policy, handed down from an English government first oppressed the Welsh language. With the Laws in Wales Acts of 1535-1542 the policy was codified and English officially became the only language of law and of public administration in Wales, and further, any person who spoke Welsh could not be appointed to any public office (Wright 2004, Davies 2014). At the recommendation of the 1965 Hughes-Parry report,
spirit built upon the pillars of civil rights and liberties for all the Americans as enshrined in the American constitution. Since independence, the freedom of the people has been the starting point and the finishing point when formulating national policies. America has participated in global wars, experienced a bloody civil war all in the name of freedom. However, with so many changes within the society both locally and abroad, the government and individuals have curtailed simple freedoms such as the
Implementation of policies and standards within an organization are important to maintain information systems security. Employees within an organization play a huge role in the effort to create, execute, and enforce a security policy. Every business requires a different strategy and approach to it's security policy, depending on their size and nature of business. Security Policies An organization's security policy describes the company's management intent to control the behavior of their employees
scientists. This message not only suggests that policy makers widely accept the paradigm shift from (less adaptive and responsible) „traditional” to science-based policy making, but also creates new challenges for the scientists. The co-operation of policy and science is vital in making policy-data available, in performing analyses, in evolving new theories, and in developing assessments, since the outcomes of these processes can be deemed as policy-supporting evidence. Additional important sources
any government’s job to provide service to its citizens from diverse background. Grambling State University, with its diverse environment and friendly atmosphere was the most suitable one. Due to this reason, after completing the English as Second Language Program of ELS center in Ruston, I applied to Grambling State University. At the beginning I was required to take some undergraduate level classes to improve my knowledge and skills. I have successfully completed fifteen cou... ... middle of paper
essentially a tinkle down effect of policy. Top down approach starts with the big picture, and breaks down. Top-downers typically start from a policy decision reached at the “top” of the political system and work their way “down” to the implementers. The top-down approach is a clear-cut system of command and control. This approach has clear and consistent goals, knowledge of pertinent cause and effects, clear hierarchy of authority, rules established at the top and policy is aligned with the rules (Sabatier
with their children. According to Carlson (2013), “Fundamentally, Sweden’s parental leave insurance policy is not just about providing individual families with resources to make choices about employment and caregiving; it is a social policy with the defined aim of increasing gender equality for the Swedish people” (p. 65). It is asserted that Sweden’s government developed the parental leave policy to address; participation and wage equity in the workforce; and to promote gender equality in care giving
are ranges of security policies that need to be implemented. A prime example of this concept is the cybersecurity policies developed for consulting firm Booz Allen Hamilton. The direct division formed to address the firm’s requirements within cyberspace is the Cyber Solution Network (CSN). The CSN division within Booz Allen Hamilton has a range of policies used to ensure the firm is protected against risk. Cybersecurity Policy Best Practices The use of cybersecurity policies within CSN is to provide
and responsibility to register to vote, to be aware of current policies and to make educated decisions in the voting booth. As some of these young adults become active in the nursing profession, they are taught that their ultimate responsibility is to advocate for their patients; they are to ensure their safety and well-being. That being said, does this responsibility stop at the bedside? Should nurses take an active role in the policy making that directly affects the healthcare of their patients
and contrast the segregation and assimilation policies in relation to the impact they had on the Aboriginal family life. Aboriginal family life has been disrupted and forcibly changed over the last two hundred years, as a result of the many segregation and assimilation policies introduced by Australian governments. Often a combination of the two was employed. The policy of segregation has impacted upon Aboriginal family life, for through this policy, Aboriginals were restricted and prohibited to
picture. The case of Forte Marghera clearly combines the contradictions of Venice as a creative city. Artists, workers in creative sectors, policy-makers, opinion makers, and operators share a physical space composed by a natural and historical heritage and former military buildings. Top-down governing rules engage with bottom-up initiatives through a language that is still unknown to the two parties. The production ambition of the creative class inhabiting the area goes against the entertainment
conflicts emerged between institution administration and local authorities on how to enhance institutional quality culture; ESG has not been updated to follow the trends in higher education system. To solve these problems, I propose building monetary policy under a European Union Commission that requires the institution and quality assurance agencies (thereafter QAA) to reach the ESG of quality assurance to obtain certain financial resources; raising quality standards to a super-national level; analyzing
dominant perspectives. First, I will give a historical account of how each perspective originated. Then I will outline the actors involved in each perspective, explore those actors’ interests, and outline which of those actors set economic and political policy. Lastly, I will explore how those political and economic actors relate to each other. History Among the three dominant perspectives, realist/mercantilist is the oldest and some would argue the most important and comprehensive theory . It was developed
development of the modern welfare state and a policy model of it in the United States, the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) of 1996. It presents a theoretical review of two radical yet different perspectives on the welfare state: feminist and power structure analyses. Feminist research of the welfare state has recently proposed a reconfiguration of welfare policy development. Feminist analysis approaches welfare policy from two standpoints: the state as a reproducer
served by geographic locale, risk behavior(s), gender, sexual orientation, and race/ethnicity. • Assure that educational materials and messages are relevant, culturally competent, and language- and age-appropriate. • Include professional development for all program staff. • Include a written policy and personnel procedures that address stress and burnout. • Include written procedures for the referral and tracking of clients to appropriate services outside of the agency. • Provide
Drew up from the research, they added that the policy maker should consider 1. “Policies addressing the acknowledgment of the value of diversity and contrasting negative aspects of inequality could restore trust in institutions and increase democratic participation” (Barberis & Angelucci, 2015). 2. Soft-control actions rather than strict law and regulation, 3. Urban environment upgrading including cycling lanes, pedestrian paths, repaving roads, improving street furniture and provide the neighborhood
governmental policies that regulated economic- mainly commercial - activities, by and for the state, that spread throughout Europe, especially in France, during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. This theory held that a nation's international power was based upon it's wealth, specifically it's gold and silver supply. The mercantilist theory, also known as Colbertism or Bullionism, that swept though France had a major impact upon its changing domestic and foreign policies throughout