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Acid-base reactions lab report
Impontance of acid base reaction
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Acids and bases are chemical substances that release ions when dissolved in water. Acids are compounds that release positive hydrogen ions in water. Bases release hydroxide ions, which are compounds made of an oxygen and a hydrogen. Acids and bases are used around the house for cleaning, but the levels of acids and bases in the body are also important. I wanted to test out a few things arounf the house moslt foods and liquids to be precise.Although I don’t have all the materials I need to detrmine the exact ph leve.l I purchased some litmas paper and did a few observations on the reactions that occurred. I have tested out a few nurishments and reorded the reactions on the ph levels. My first study I did examined weather an orange
The unknown bacterium that was handed out by the professor labeled “E19” was an irregular and raised shaped bacteria with a smooth texture and it had a white creamy color. The slant growth pattern was filiform and there was a turbid growth in the broth. After all the tests were complete and the results were compared the unknown bacterium was defined as Shigella sonnei. The results that narrowed it down the most were the gram stain, the lactose fermentation test, the citrate utilization test and the indole test. The results for each of the tests performed are listed in Table 1.1 below.
The isomerization procedure was done in order to create dimethyl fumarate from dimethyl maleate. Dimethyl maleate and dimethyl fumarate are cis and trans isomers, respectively. This procedure was done via a free radical mechanism using bromine. The analysis of carvones reaction was done in order to identify the smell and optical rotation of the carvone samples that were provided. The odor was determined by smelling the compound and the optical rotation was determined using a polarimeter.
Data table 1 Well plate Contents Glucose concentration A 3 drops 5% sucrose + 3 drops distilled water Negative B 3 drops milk+3 drops distilled water Negative C 3 drops 5% sucrose +3 drops lactase Negative D 3 drops milk +3 drops lactase 15+ E 3 drops 20% glucose +3 drops distilled water 110 ++ Questions B. In this exercise, five reactions were performed. Of those reactions, two were negative controls and one was a positive control.
One of the most primitive actions known is the consumption of lactose, (milk), from the mother after birth. Mammals have an innate predisposition towards this consumption, as it is their main source of energy. Most mammals lose the ability to digest lactose shortly after their birth. The ability to digest lactose is determined by the presence of an enzyme called lactase, which is found in the lining of the small intestine. An enzyme is a small molecule or group of molecules that act as a catalyst (catalyst being defined as a molecule that binds to the original reactant and lowers the amount of energy needed to break apart the original molecule to obtain energy) in breaking apart the lactose molecule. In mammals, the lactase enzyme is present
This pH homeostasis lab is used to show how acids and bases react when submerged into different solutions - water, a homogenate, and a buffer. A homogenate is blended up water and the cell tissue. They are used to show how much pH the cells have when adding an acid or base to it. A buffer is a solution that doesn’t change it’s pH level, even when acid or base is added to it. They are important to help all living things maintain homeostasis.
Mader, S. S. (2010). Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes. In K. G. Lyle-Ippolito, & A. T. Storfer (Ed.), Inquiry into life (13th ed., pp. 105-107). Princeton, N.J: McGraw Hill.
I decided to experiment with pHs within the range pH 2 to pH7, as I
strong acid or base does not necessarily yield a drastic jump in pH. The acid
Acids and Bases can be very similar. Acids, when mixed with water free hydrogen ions. Bases, when mixed with water free hydroxide ions. In both cases, Acids and bases, the freeing of ions is called dissociation. Although there can be rich solutions and poor solutions. Acidic is a solution that is very rich in
Chemical: Acids in foods and beverages such as citrus fruits, spices, wines and carbonated beverages; acids produced by acidogenic bacteria following carbohydrate exposure; acids from gastric regulation. (Wilkins, BS, RDH, DMD, 2013)
Acid-Base balance is the state of equilibrium between proton donors and proton acceptors in the buffering system of the blood that is maintained at approximately pH 7.35 to 7.45 under normal conditions in arterial blood. It is important to regulate chemical balance or homeostasis of body fluids. Acidity or alkalinity has to be regulated. An acid is a substance that lets out hydrogen ions in solution. Strong acid like hydrochloric acid release all or nearly all their hydrogen ions and weak acids like carbonic acid release some hydrogen ions.
An alkali is a soluble base and forms hydroxyl ions (OH-) when placed in water. It can be called a proton acceptor and will accept hydrogen ions to form H2O. An example of an alkali is Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH). Neutralization Reaction:- [IMAGE]Acid + Alkali Salt + Water [IMAGE]Hydrochloric acid + Sodium Hydroxide Sodium Chloride + Water [IMAGE]HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) [IMAGE]H+ (aq) +
Water can be both an acid and a base. It can be considered an acid in some reactions and a base in others. Water can even react with itself to form acids and bases. It happens in really small amounts, so it won't change your experiments at all. Most of the time, the positive and negative ions in distilled water are in equal amounts and cancel each other out. Those special ions in solution acidic or basic. There are so many acids in your body you have amino acids, in fruit there is citric acid, vinegar is an acid. But when you mix baking soda with water is becomes a basic solution. (Acid and Bases are everywhere,
Lemon and limes are the most acidic whilst the rest stand as weak acids. The cleaning products tended to have a similar pH level, ranging from a pH level of 5-8. The were in the mid range in terms of strength/weakness, because different cleaning products are used to clean different things. Cleaning product with a pH level above 7 are considered Alkaline products and are better at cleaning dirt, grease, oils and other organic items. Cleaning products with a pH level below 7 are considered acidic products and are better at cleaning calcium, rust and other mineral non-organic items. For both the personal care items (Shampoo and conditioner) the pH level was 4-5, they are generally more on the acidic side of the pH scale because they assist in preserving the hairs own natural acidity. They keep the hairs cuticle layers oriented downward to improve and shine and appearance of hair. You see pH in everyday life in the foods you
All this is controlled by hydrogen ions in water, a small number of these molecules will split up. Some of the molecules lose their hydrogen and become hydroxide ions. The non-hydrogen ions join up with water molecules to form a hydronium ion. This can be referred to as (H30+). To make things simpler, hydronium ions are referred as hydrogen ions or (H+). In normal, pure water, there is an equal number of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions. Therefore water is neither acidic or alkaline. For a substance to be acidic it donates hydrogen ions into dissolved water. This causes the balance of hydrogen and hydroxide ions to shift. The hydrogen ions are therefore multiplied which causes the solution to be mostly hydrogen ions. When this occurs the substance is acidic. Alkaline is also called base or basic which is a substance that accepts hydrogen ions. When alkali is dissolved in water the base “soaks up” hydrogen ions, therefore the result is a solution with a lot of hydroxide