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Psychological essays on behavioural theories
Essay on behavioural theories
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The conference “Fifty Shades of Behavior Analysis” was nothing short of its name. The presenters at this conference reminded all of us in the field of Behavior Analysis that being a science of behavior allows us to apply our principles to many domains beyond working with individuals who have disabilities.
Applied Behavior Analysis is the application of the science of behavior to the solution of problems of social significance (Cooper, Heron, & Heward, 2007). Carr (November, 2013) reminded us that social significance is more than working with those individuals with disabilities. The principles of behavior analysis have been applied to areas involving child welfare, workplace and safety, behavioral gerontology, and one that many are familiar with, education. Many of these mentioned areas have limited experimental research but the research that does exist that demonstrates how they can benefit from using behavior principles. To examine this statement a little more, Carr conducted a study that applied standard behavior techniques to families who had a history in which child protective services were involved. By teaching these parents how to redirect their child’s behavior and provide schedules of reinforcement, the families became reunified and children remained at home. By providing reinforcement for operant behavior those behaviors are maintained and strengthened overtime (Pierce & Cheney, 2013). Teaching families what behaviors to reinforce and what behaviors to put on extinction may help address the social problem that exists within some families.
Behavior analytic principles have even been used to train exotic zoo animals. Sutherland (November, 2013) explored the work of exotic animal trainers and was able make connecti...
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...013, November). The impressive diversity of applied behavior analysis: Illustrations from the research literature. Fifty Shades of Behavior Analysis, Trumbull, CT.
Cooper, J., Heron, T., & Heward, W. (2007). Applied Behavior Analysis. Columbus, OH: Merrill Prentice Hall.
Friman, Patrick C. (2013, November). Tell me a story: Colloquial vignettes for teaching select behavior analytic concepts to non behavior analysts. Fifty Shades of Behavior Analysis, Trumbull, CT.
Gerhardt, Peter. (2013, November). Testing the application of the functionality index with adolescents and adults with autism. Fifty Shares of Behavior Analysis, Trumbull CT,
Sutherland, Amy. (2013, November). Behavior analysis goes to the zoo. Fifty Shades of Behavior Analysis. Trumbull, CT.
Pierce, D., & Chaney, C. (2013). Behavior Analysis and Learning. New York, NY: Psychology Press.
The best way to describe Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) is to understand human behavior, what causes the behavior and how to use evidence-based techniques to shape the individual’s behavior. I also view ABA as therapy for individuals who struggle with behavioral issues, finding ways to replace problem behaviors and reinforcing the participant’s appropriate behaviors in specific settings.
Deborah L. Duffy, Yuying Hsu, James A. Serpell ,Applied Animal Behavior Science - 1 December 2008 (Vol. 114, Issue 3, Pages 441-460, DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2008.04.006)
The core principles of Applied Behavior Analysis were seen in several of this weeks required readings, appearing in all or multiple sources. Their definitions varied in each reading, all providing more clarification upon the previous. The first term, applied, refers to the "commitment to affecting improvements" in the field. (Cooper 16) Baer, Wolf and Risley said that whether or not something is applied is determined "by the interest which society shows in the problems being studied." (Baer 92) Both sets of authors emphasize that importance of the practitioner taking ownership in dictating how important it is to change the designated behavior. Also, the importance the behavior holds in society, because many of them represent the clients
the urge to display eccentric habits through physcological suffering is advocated within their captive conditions. As Dunlap and Kellert explain, “Despite improvments in exhibit design, many animals remain confined in dirty,...
For the purpose of this paper I visited the Los Angeles Zoo, on October 23, 2015. Luckily I was able to visit all of the animals in the short amount of time I had. I primarily stayed at the Gorilla and Chimp exhibit to understand their behaviors and how they act like us.
In my Behavioral Analysis class this semester, we were required to read several research articles detailing various studies conducted within the field of behavior analysis. As this is my major field of interest, I thought it both wise and prudent to share two of the more fascinating studies on my website. Behavior analysis is most commonly associated amongst the general public with rats and a laboratory setting. Pavlov’s conditioning and his dog salivating at the sound of a bell or rats being trained to press levers for food reinforcers most frequently come to mind when asked to give an example of behavior analysis’s capabilities. The field, however, is also extremely capable of creating lasting and effective treatments for people with developmental disorders and addiction.
Whether it was in school, the classroom or the home environment students with disabilities may exhibit various behavioral problems. Occasionally, these behaviors are hostile, aggressive, and disruptive and may impede learning for the ones who display such behaviors as well as others. It often a challenge to deliver a lesson or maintain control of the class due to the fact that teacher may not have sufficient knowledge on how to manage these types of behaviors. In “When the Chips are Down” Richard Lavoie give helpful advice that emphasizes on dealing with behavioral issues in a successful manner and also how these problems can be anticipated before they start.
I am drawn to the field of applied behavior analysis as it is a way of understanding that allows me to address the needs of my clients and determine how to help them beyond just the label of a diagnosis. Through using applied behavior analysis effectively the origin and meaning of a behavior can be highlighted. When a behavior occurs a detailed report is created to describe the situation prior, what the behavior was and the consequences of that behavior. Furthermore behaviors within some cases can be used as a form of communication when words are not available. For this reason the study of behavior allows me to help my clients and those around me in a way that is more definite and lasting.
“Zoochosis” is a term used for the specific behaviors that animals in captivity get due to unstimulating or even small enclosures. These behaviors are usually repetitive and purposeless, like pacing and overgrooming. According to one study “the median
When bred in captivity, animals are oblivious to their natural habitats and how to socially interact with their species. The article “Animals Used as Entertainment” lists rodeos, circuses, bullfighting, horse racing, cockfighting, dog fighting, and zoos as examples of the many ways animals are used in entertainment. Circuses and zoos are the two most relevant forms of animal mistreatment. Both of these are sources of entertainment for children and adults. Zoos declare that they are used for mostly educational purposes and preserving various species, but the reality is that they fall short on both (“Animals Used”).
Syne, A., 2006. Meta-analytic review of the effects of enrichment on stereotypic behavior in zoo mammals. Zoo Biology , 25(4), pp. 317-337.
However, zoos and aquariums reflect responsibility to help and promote animal conservation and protection. Without them, many may have never gotten the chance to see exotic animals such as tigers, elephants, or giraffes up close to examine and learn about their nature. Without zoos, almost all of the best observational, behavioral, biological, or genetically based research on several diverse species would have not been possible. And, without zoos and the help of fundamental captive breeding and reintroduction programs with...
Imagine you are at a zoo, and as you walk by, you see animals acting strangely. Animals are biting themselves, vomiting, or banging their heads against the cage bars or glass walls. You look at them, trapped in lonely enclosures and feel sorry for them, trapped inside cages or glass, with nowhere to go.
This research can help us understand the reasoning behind monitoring behavior to help those with ASD and HFA through the everyday difficulties they may face, whether bullied or not.
People all around the world love visiting the zoo - especially the kids! To be able to see their favorite animals playing around or just admiring the beauty of these creatures makes their eyes sparkle. Although seeing the animals is truly amazing, a question that is frequently asked is: “How do they manage in captivity? Are they happy living in here?” Merely looking at the animals may not reveal much about how they feel or manage in captivity, unless someone could speak to the animals but that’s not likely. Therefore, this topic requires some research. So let’s grab some thinking helmets. First, we will explore the history of zoological gardens or zoos in general.