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Negative effects of animal captivity
Effects of animal captivity essay
Effects of animal captivity essay
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Our earliest ancestors are primates. They are our closest relatives which is why we can see our behavior’s and practices in them. If we observe them we can get a better understanding of them and us, human beings. But unfortunately we all don’t get the chance to see a Primate right in our backdoor. So the best thing I could do for my observation was to visit them at the zoo. For the purpose of this paper I visited the Los Angeles Zoo, on October 23, 2015. Luckily I was able to visit all of the animals in the short amount of time I had. I primarily stayed at the Gorilla and Chimp exhibit to understand their behaviors and how they act like us. From a far distance I was able to see the largest of the primates, Gorillas. The gorillas at the …show more content…
I found this happening often with the chimpanzees more than the gorillas.
“Any activity that involves going through the hair and over the skin with the hands, lip, tongue, teeth, or tail to clean out extraneous objects such as dirt, particles of sweat-salt, external parasites, or other surface materials is considered grooming”(Simonds 169). Grooming is very important for hygiene. Although many are able to groom themselves they are dependent upon each other because there will always be spots that cannot be seen. As I stated earlier I saw Parental Investment. This is a great example because the mother was grooming her child, but the child does not groom back. I recently learned about Social Scratch. Everyone scratches because it relives and irritation. We do it absentmindedly and so do apes. What I found interesting is that is become more of a social grooming. Unlike grooming where each ape is grooming each other silmutanesoiuly, in social scratching only the gromee is getting the benefit. These apes do this because of the “I know you know” on other words you scratch my back I scratch yours. (McGrew 136). I found this happening very often among the chimps more than the gorillas. I also noticed that they would pull their hair and they had many bald spots throughout their body. Why is that? I still haven’t discovered an answer, but I would like to know the reasoning behind
: The Plesiadapiforms are tiny mouse like creatures that lived during the 10 million period between the extinction of dinosaurs and appearance of humans. This could be our primate ancient ancestor. This primate has around more than 120 different species of its kind.
Dr. Goodall is a well-known British primatologist who has discovered a substantial amount about primates in her many years of research. She has written numerous books, including one that we will be going into depth about called, “Through a Window.” Her book contains personal experiences, research findings, and even pictures to help the readers visualize her scientific breaking moments from her thirty years with the chimpanzees of Gombe. She states that there is are minor differences, and several similarities between humans and the chimpanzees. We will discuss these differences and similarities through their social behavior, intellectual ability, and emotions. To conclude, examine Goodall’s research to adopt what her findings can tell us about our early ancestors, and whether or not her study coincided to the steps of scientific methodology.
This article, titled Common Ground, written by Barbara Smuts, points out the main differences between humans and apes, such as our upright stance, large brains, and capacity for spoken language and abstract reasoning. However, the main point of this article is to emphasize the many similarities that apes share with us. Smuts goes into great detail about how human social and emotional tendencies are very reflective in the family of apes.
Crickett Sanz, Dave Morgan, & Steve Gulick. "New Insights into Chimpanzees, Tools, and Termites from the Congo Basin." The American Naturalist 164.5 (2004): 56-581. Article. 25 April 2014.
Harms, William. "Professor Finds That Nonhuman Primates Have Evolutionary Reason to Bond with Their Offspring." Professor Finds That Nonhuman Primates Have Evolutionary Reason to Bond with Their Offspring. The University of Chicago Chronicle, 12 July 2001. Web. 24 Mar. 2014.
There are at least 145 living species of the suborder Anthropoidea . Over 90% of them are monkeys. The remaining species are apes and humans. The anthropoids (members of the suborder Anthropoidea) have been the most successful primates in populating the earth. They are generally larger, more intelligent, and have more highly developed eyes than the prosimians.
As told by professor Sapolsky, when a chimpanzee for example has become a victim of a pummeling by a higher-ranking chimp, other chimps will empathize with him by grooming. An example that I think humans would partake in is feeling sorry for children in third world countries. We see televised images of children and for some people sympathy for is felt for them. Now, for others a greater level is felt known as empathy in which they may even volunteer to go those countries to make a difference. The ability to make the lives of someone better provides them with a sense of
de Waal, F. B. M. (2001) The Tree of Origin: What Primate Behavior can tell us about Human
Quiatt, D., & Reynolds, V. (1993). Primate behaviour: information, social knowledge, and the evolution of culture. Cambridge [England: Cambridge University Press].
It has been believed that culture is unique to humans and no other groups of animals have culture, but recent evidence refutes this ideology. Before getting into the meat of the argument, it is important to first address the issues regarding the ambiguity of the term, “culture.” What is culture? Many scientists may argue that culture is the way of life for a group of individuals, this definition includes the values, beliefs and traditions of the group (Sapolsky, 2006). Other scientists may argue that culture is the transmission of habits and information by social means (Sapolsky, 2006). Despite the different specifics of what culture is, almost all scientists would agree that culture is transmitted socially through social learning that promotes the transfer of information between members in a group (Boesch and Tomasello, 1998). Based on these notions of culture, it can be justifiably stated that primates have culture. Primates exhibit food preparation techniques, use of tools, communication skills, and most importantly, behaviors of social learning. An exemplar of primates’ capabilities for culture is Koko, the lowland gorilla. Koko, in captivity, was able to learn American sign language, demonstrate self-awareness and the ability to deceive.
Apes, like humans, are catarrhines and part of the superfamily hominoidea. Apes started to appear in the Miocene about 20 million years ago(lecture notes, week 10), under this category there are many primates that are distinguished as apes, such as, orangutans, gibbons, chimpanzees, and gorillas. These particular primates are from the old world and are native to Africa and Asia. Apes can be distinguished by the foramen magnum towards the back of the skull, having no tail, and having a hook nose (Larsen 2013, p. 150). Another characteristic of apes is that they have large brains for their body size, this is important because it shows they have a higher intelligence than other animals, and this can be connected to the relationship shared with humans.
Primates are a big topic in anthropology that is crucial for us to learn and study about. Anthropologists study primates from an evolutionary viewpoint as well as an ecological viewpoint, focusing mainly on their behaviors, their natural environment, and their psychological traits. Behavior is known to be evolved from the operation of natural selection. Behavioral genetics is how genes can affect our behavior, which can viewed as a product of complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Social structure influences individual behavior, which can blur the distinctions between social and individual behavior.
When bred in captivity, animals are oblivious to their natural habitats and how to socially interact with their species. The article “Animals Used as Entertainment” lists rodeos, circuses, bullfighting, horse racing, cockfighting, dog fighting, and zoos as examples of the many ways animals are used in entertainment. Circuses and zoos are the two most relevant forms of animal mistreatment. Both of these are sources of entertainment for children and adults. Zoos declare that they are used for mostly educational purposes and preserving various species, but the reality is that they fall short on both (“Animals Used”).
The only ray of hope for saving gorillas from extinction is conservation. A gradual rise in the population of mountain gorillas has taken place thanks to conservation programs. From the lowest point in 1980 when its numbers were just 254, it has now grown to 880.Similar efforts in the Campo Ma’an National Park in Cameroon and Cross River National Park of Nigeria has held some hope for the tiny population of Cross-river gorillas dwelling there. Recent surveys show that the counts for these apes have not gone below the 300 mark.But applying conservation measures to the lowland gorillas will be far more challenging given their wider habitat coverage. Efforts must be made to save the apes before it's too late.
Over the past five years, I've gone to the zoo exactly zero times. From time to time, I wanted to, but any time I always seemed to get the urge to go in mid-January. At that point, I would just decide that a documentary on animals would fulfill my cravings. This time, however, I figured it was about time, especially being that this assignment gave me the perfect opportunity. For a while, I debated between the museum, since there are so many opportunities to learn about different subjects, but eventually settled on the zoo. I'm interested in pursuing a career that deals with the environment, and I'm in love with Evolution, so I figured that the zoo would deal with each of those aspects. It would be a great opportunity to learn about our origins