Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Kodak and the digital revolution
Kodak and the digital revolution case analysis
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Kodak and the digital revolution
1.1 background
In 1880, Eastman Kodak Company was founded by George Eastman. In the imaging and photography field, this company was deemed to be a leader and pioneer, and its historical success definitely demonstrate Kodak’s operation was perfectly aligned to its operations.
In August 2013, Kodak’s exited from the bankruptcy protection that happened in the previous year. Now, the company has officially transformed into a new type of company. It does not focus on making cameras, traditional film, and photography products any more. Commercial printing and imaging technology become its main business (Feintzeig, R., & Gara, T. 2013).
Strategic failure was the main reason to put Kodak in trouble. The company was unable to quickly grasp the development the future of digital, and even when it realized the importance of innovation, it was performed too slowly to meet the needs of continuous change strategy and ultimately it lost its core competitive competency.
1.2 Purpose
Regarding to Kodak’s historical failure, company should evaluate its existing risks and estimate the risks would happen in the future, which can assist manager to mitigate or minimize the risks may affect the development of the company.
This risk assessment will provide a clear view of exposed risks, no matter internal or external, historical or forward-looking. Most importantly, this assessment will determine company’s risk responses by defining risk likelihood and impact. Therefore, the company can maintain the appropriate controls to perform efficient and effective operations, and reduce the costs or losses because of business disruptions.
1.3 Report Scope
For the sake of determining the scope of this report, it is necessary to understand the company’s objectives a...
... middle of paper ...
...t are of expertise in manufacturing or other related areas.
For strategic and management threats, Kodak may need to train its staff, especially those managers who are weak in vision and strategy. For instance, managers can learn design methods to react correctly when the external environmental factors are changed (Fraser, 2007).
For the threats of customer and competition, it is essential for Kodak to do innovation through technological advancement. It not only can help company to produce the products effectively, but also helps Kodak maintain the competitive position in the marketplace. The company should adopt advanced features in its products to attract new customers and retain existing customers. In the meantime, in order to increase profitability and enhance productivity, the firm should also invest in the innovation to produce more qualitative digital camera.
Riordan has identified criteria in four areas that define the company’s mission statement. First, the company focus is to have attitudes and abilities that exceed industry standards to provide solutions for customer’s challenges and lead the industry in Research and Development. Second, the mission for customer relationships is to be a solution for the customer, maintain quality, innovation, and customer service at a reasonable price. Third, to ensure the long-term viability of the company, the mission to the employees is to have an innovative and team oriented working environment, in addition to keeping the employees informed and supported. Lastly, the future of the company depends on maintaining profitability to allow growth in the company (Apollo Group, 2004).
It is considered that photography only became widely available to the public when the Kodak Eastman Company introduced the box shaped Brownie Camera in 1900. (Baker, n.p.) Its features became more refined since its original placing on the market; one of the reasons why it has become considered the birth of public photography is because of the processing. Using a similar image capture system, the brownie exposed the light to a 120mm roll of film, which could be wound round, meaning six photographs could be taken before the slides needed removing. The first Brownie used a six-exposure cartridge that Kodak processed for the photographer. (Kodak.com, n.d.) Realistically, the armature photographers did not need to understand darkroom processes, they could simply use capture the subjects, and send it to be developed. The cameras were relatively affordable, targeting many different markets, which is apparent from their advertisements. Figure 2 Is an advertisement from for the Eastman Kodak Company’s Brownie Camera; It states in bold lettering “Operated by any school boy or girl” which emphasis how it was targeted for amateur use.
George Eastman founded the Eastman Kodak Company in 1888, and pioneered the photography industry with new technology that would help bring photography to the mainstream. After its inception, Kodak created what many called a "monopoly" in the photography industry. Both in 1921 and in 1954 the company had to endure a consent decree imposed by the US Government in which it was concluded that Kodak monopolized the market in violation of the Sherman Act (the first and oldest of all US federal, antitrust laws). Kodak settled the 1921 decree and agreed to be bound by restrictions. The Company was barred from preventing dealers from freely selling goods produced by competitors. On the other hand, the 1954 decree prevented Kodak from selling a bundle that included the color film and the photofinishing, among other restrictions. This tying arrangement of products is an agreement by a party to sell one product on the condition that the buyer also purchases a different (or tied) product, or at least agrees that he will not purchase that product from any other supplier. In this case, Kodak was selling the photo film while conditioning the buyer to also buy the photofinishing product (because it was included in the price). Both decrees had supporting evidence of the high market power that Kodak had at the time, for which both cases were based.
Kodak and Fujifilm are two of the most historically recognizable and iconic names in the world of photography. Kodak was formed in the early 1880’s by George Eastman in Rochester, New York, under the name Eastman Dry Plate Company. Eastman had spent the previous few years of his life trying to improve on the way images were transmitted once taken on a camera. When Eastman first became interested in photography, the images that were taken on a camera were done so by using wet film plates. He spent the next couple years trying to develop film on dry plates, obtaining a few patents along the way, but it wasn’t until 1883 that he made a huge discovery. That year, Eastman developed film on rolls, instead of plates, and by 1885, he had developed the first transparent photographic film. The now famous Kodak name first became registered in 1888, and over the next few years Eastman continued developing new types of film, adding transparent movie film, and daylight loading film by 1892, when the company officially became Eastman Kodak Company. By the turn of the century, Kodak was becoming increasingly popular through their sales of portable cameras, mostly through the sales of their Brownie camera, and their ability to continually develop new types of film. When Eastman died in 1932, Kodak was arguably the most recognizable names in the photography and film industry. Kodak was initially able to build off the success that it achieved under Eastman, developing the 8 mm film and 16 mm film, giving the average consumer the ability to record home videos. In 1958, Kodak released the first automatic, color projector, the Kodak Cavalcade, and followed that with the more popular Carousel line of projectors.
In 1943, Edwin H. Land, founder of Polaroid and his family were on vacation, he took a photo of his daughter and she asked him to see the photo of her right after it was taken, because of the curiousness of his daughter on that day inspired him of the instant camera (Linderman, 2010). Four years later, at the Optical Society of America meeting, he amazed the audience by demonstrated of the instant camera for the first time (Polaroid, 2017). Christopher Bonanos, an author of the story of Polaroid gave a definition that it is an instant photography at the push of a button. The new technology by Land was very fancy and wondrous to the world. “This is the first published photographic history of the Polaroid company”
4 company’s skills and objectives, the customers they were trying to attract, the competitors they
Identify the potential risks which affect the company and manage these risks within its risk appetite;
How could a company that was built into a multibillion dollar empire fail less than two decades later? Blockbuster Entertainment started with one store in Dallas in 1985 and rose up to become the dominant force in the movie rental industry. They were acquired by Viacom, at the pinnacle of their success, for $8.4 billion in 1994 and were in bankruptcy by 2010. A series of blunders by upper management, highlighted by a lack of strategic vision, led to Blockbuster’s rapid decline and ultimate failure.
Woolworths LTD has commissioned EA partners for auditing their supermarkets chains. Therefore it is important to prepare a risk analysis report to be added in the audit plan in order to identify and analyze possible events that could have an impact in achieving the company’s objectives. The element of risk is embedded in every business, the risk of not achieving the company objective. Risk assessment is important to the effective operations of the company. Risk Assessment is increasingly in demand today because of the increase demand in transparency that revolves around risks. The business is under continuous scrutiny of whether the correct mechanism was in place at the time of the crisis or whether the correct information was delivered and so on. This is why risk assessment has become a part of the business auditing today.
The core focus of this report is devising a new product and implement marketing plan for Canon plc. The company is currently facing huge competition from its competitor worldwide, especially in Japan where it has lost market leadership. Due to the decreasing profit margin and threat of losing market share, the company has decided to come up with new innovate Canon Hybrid DSLR which will help the company in improving its profit margin and sustaining market share in UK and worldwide. The report is divided into six parts, which are as follow
+Marking a test with lots of questions about digital camera to show that what consumers¡¯ need is, what they want and what motivation cause they to own a digital camera.
.... It is the directors’ responsibility to identify potential risks that the company is likely to face or risks already faced by the company. This is basically to prevent such risk to arise again that may negatively affect the company’s operation. By identifying the risks, it allows the company to prepare step by step solutions to prevent or overcome such risk beforehand. It also allows company to take control of risks before risks affect the company seriously.
Kodak’s competitive advantage began in black and white film products, even though the company did produce cameras and camera equipment as well. As the years progressed, Kodak “paid progressively less attention to equipment” and concentrated more on the development of colored film and photo-finishing processes (Gavetti et al, 2005). In the 1960’s, Kodak focused on growth in incremental modifications to photo equipment products, which lead to Kodak’s dominance over 90% of the film market and 85% of the camera market in 1976. Although competitors began to emerge, Kodak was satisfied with its achievement of $10 billion in sales. For much of its history, Kodak had been very successful. Kodak began to expand into other business lines in the 1980s and 1990s, acquiring Clinical Diagnostics, Mass Memory, and Sterling Drug. While Kodak dabbled in other business ventures, the scope of technology had dramatically increased, offering new players a chance at a changing market that no longer needed photographic film. Sony and Fuji were two such competitors that took advantage of this situation, steadily gaining market share in the digital film industry. While Kodak did develop innovative products in the early 1990s...
As has been discussed before, risk identification plays an important part in the risk such as unique, subjective, complex and uncertainly. There are no two identical leaves in the world; similar, there are no two exactly the same risk either. Hence the best risk manger could not identify risk completely. Besides, risk identification assessment is done by risk analysts. As the different level of risk management knowledge, practical experience and other aspects between individuals, the result of risk identification may be difference. Furthermore, the process of identifying risk is still risky. Once risks have been identified, corporations have to take actions on limiting risky actions to reduce the frequency and severity of risky. They have to think about any lost profit from limiting distribution of risky action. So reducing risk identification risk is one of assessments in the risk
Film and digital cameras are both used to achieve different picture qualities. Film photographs have a way of capturing still and moving pictures because it is able to record detail in a stable form. Film provides better picture quality, but with the improving technology of digital cameras they are becoming quite popular. While film cameras depend on chemical and mechanical processes, digital cameras have built-in computers and records everything electronically. Some prefer film cameras because of the process of developing the pictures by hand, but others prefer the digital photographs for editing them before sending them to print. After 100 years of technology changing, we are able to edit, and print in our homes instead of waiting an hour for film to be developed. It is a quick and easy process with digital, than film which is a lengthy process, and has to be done a certain way or the photograph will be ruined.