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Terrorism and its impact
Terrorism and its impact
Effect of terrorism in America
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Introduction
An emergency operations plan for the community in which we live is a document of great importance to each of us whether we know it or not. This paper examines the emergency action plan for Knoxville, Tennessee. In the course of the examination, it will compare and analyze the plan for Knoxville with the standards set forth in the textbook for this course along with other recognized sources in the field of emergency management.
Knoxville, Tennessee
With a population of nearly one hundred and seventy nine thousand in the city and nearly eight hundred and fifty thousand in the metropolitan area, Knoxville, Tennessee is the third largest city in Tennessee. Additionally it is the county seat for Knox County. Rich in American Civil War history, with close proximity to Oak Ridge, Tennessee, the home of the Manhattan Project during World War II, home to the University of Tennessee and nestled up against the Great Smoky Mountains, the area has quite a bit at stake when preparing for, or responding to, an emergent situation.
Emergency Operations Plan
According the the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), an emergency operations plan (EOP) dictates “who will do what, as well as when, with what resources, and by what authority--before, during, and immediately after an emergency” (FEMA, 1996). An effective EOP should contain a plan for all the potential disasters for a given region. These disasters would include natural disasters, man-man disasters including terrorist attacks, chemical weapon attacks and even nuclear war. The intent of the EOP is to publish a document intended to minimize the impact of the disaster, save lives while offering a path to recovery. In simple terms, an EOP “is the playbook by...
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...l. The document is of great importance to each of us. This paper examined the emergency action plan for Knoxville, Tennessee. It compared and analyzed the plan for Knoxville with the standards set forth in the textbook for this course along with other recognized sources in the field of emergency management. The plan Knoxville employs is a simple yet comprehensive plan intent on providing a disaster appropriate response and recovery process while attempting to keep its residents informed and as safe as possible.
References
Federal Emergency Management Agency [FEMA]. (1996). Guide for all-hazard emergency operations planning. Retrieved from http://www.fema.gov/pdf/plan/slg101.pdf
Haddow, G. D., Bullock, J. A., & Coppola, D. P. (2014). The disciplines of emergency management: Preparedness. Introduction to emergency management (Fifth ed., ). Waltham: Elsevier.
Waugh, William L, and Gregory Streib. "Collaboration and Leadership for Effective Emergency Management." Public Administration Review, 66.6 (2006): 131-140.
When developing a plan for a specific emergency it important to utilize all accessible resources, ensuring to not make the same mistakes that have occurred during past events. In Aurora, the local police department already established a set plan to respond to active shooters however it was focus more
The National response plan outlines four key actions the disaster coordinator should take. They are gaining and maintaining situational awareness, activate and deploy key resources and capabilities, coordinating response actions and demobilizing. Throughout the response it is essential that responders have access to critical information. During the initial response effort the situation is will change rapidly. Situational awareness starts at the incident site. For this reason it is essential that decision makers have access to the right information at the right time. By establishing an Emergency Operations Center (EOC) all key responders are brought ...
Both man-made and natural disasters are often devastating, resource draining and disruptive. Having a basic plan ready for these types of disaster events is key to the success of executing and implementing, as well as assessing the aftermath. There are many different ways to create an emergency operations plan (EOP) to encompass a natural and/or man-made disaster, including following the six stage planning process, collection of information, and identification of threats and hazards. The most important aspect of the US emergency management system in preparing for, mitigating, and responding to man-made and natural disasters is the creation, implementation and assessment of a community’s EOP.
Hazards pose risk to everyone. Our acceptance of the risks associated with hazards dictates where and how we live. As humans, we accept a certain amount of risk when choosing to live our daily lives. From time to time, a hazard becomes an emergent situation. Tornadoes in the Midwest, hurricanes along the Gulf Coast or earthquakes in California are all hazards that residents in those regions accept and live with. This paper will examine one hazard that caused a disaster requiring a response from emergency management personnel. Specifically, the hazard more closely examined here is an earthquake. With the recent twenty year anniversary covered by many media outlets, the January 17, 1994, Northridge, California earthquake to date is the most expensive earthquake in American history.
Local, State and Federal government have unique roles which would allow the flow of communication and resources to transition smoothly during each stage of progression. The local and state level (first responders) are the most important source as they can assess, coordinate and notify the next available resources of what is needed. State and local governments are the front runners of planning for and managing the consequences of a terrorist incident using available resources in the critical hours before Federal assistance can arrive (Managing the Emergency Consequences of Terrorist Incidents, July 2002). A Terrorist Incident Appendix (TIA) was designed to mirror an Emergency Operations Plan in relations to terrorist incidents. The TIA consists of six phases: Initiation, Concept Development, Plan Development, Plan Review Development of supporting plans, procedures and materials and Validation of plans using tabletop, functional, and full scale exercises. The TIA should be compared to those plans of existing Emergency Operation Plans (EOP) in place at the local and state level. Comparing plans before and incident allows time for comparison and revision of the various functions which will prevent disconnects to ensure coordination and
Emergency Preparedness and Public Safety. (2014, January 31). NC DSDHH:. Retrieved April 3, 2014, from http://www.ncdhhs.gov/dsdhh/services/emergency.htm
Pennsylvania Small Business Development Center. (n.d.). Emergency Response Planning: Disaster Preparedness for Small Businesses | pasbdc.org . Retrieved June 3, 2010,
The Federal Emergency Management Agency is an organization of the United States Department of Homeland Security, initially formed by Presidential Reorganization Plan No. 3 of 1978 and applied by two Executive Orders on April 1, 1979. The initial first response to a disaster is the job of local emergency services with the nearby help of the surrounding sources. A major disaster can be a result of tornadoes, hurricanes, earthquakes, and floods. The event must be absolutely more than the state or local governments can handle alone. If confirmed, funding comes from the President's Disaster Relief Fund, managed by FEMA and the disaster aid programs of other joining federal agencies.
The literature search will include a review of plans, research journals, and reports found through internet and personal meetings with officials. These meetings will be with emergency planners on information about preplanned evacuation routes, notifications, warning alerts, command structure, policies and any other procedures already put in place. The purpose of the meetings will be to gather any documented information they can release. Information will be gathered in other Atlantic and Gulf coast cities that are
Emergency planners should use their community HVAs to identify the types of natural hazards (e.g., floods, tornadoes, hurricanes, earthquakes), technological accidents (e.g., toxic chemical releases, nuclear power plant accidents), and deliberate incidents (e.g., sabotage or terrorist attack involving hazardous materials) to which their communities are vulnerable. Following identification of these hazards, emergency planners should consider the extent to which different hazard agents make similar demands on the emergency response organization. When two hazard agents have similar characteristics, they are likely to require the same emergency response functions. Commonality of emergency response functions provides multiple use opportunities for personnel, procedures, facilities, and equipment—which, in turn, simplifies the EOP by reducing the number of functional annexes. In addition, it simplifies training and enhances the reliability of organizational performance during emergencies. Only when hazard agents have very different characteristics, and thus require distinctly different responses, will hazard-specific appendixes will be
The disaster recovery plan is a step by step process for responding to a specific event. The procedures should be detailed but still easy enough for everyone in the organization to have a basic understanding of. When developing recovery plans, an organization must also consider which, if any government or regulatory agencies need to be involved in the disaster recovery process (fema.gov). Another factor that needs to be considered when writing the disaster recovery plan is how the organization will communicate during the disaster. The organization will need to identify its core communication infrastructure in the plan, with alternative means of communication if the main communication method is unavailable (fcc.gov).
Emergency managers are focused on the types of preparedness activities (Introduction to Emergency
In 2011 FEMA published the Whole Community Approach to Emergency Management document to re-emphasize the importance of involving the entire community in the execution of emergency management related activities. FEMA’s was trying push the focus of emergency past that of a strictly governmental function. Noting the importance of public-private partnerships, especially in the service sector, FEMA urged a wider a net to be cast not just in the response phase, but all phases of emergency. Additionally, with expanding diversity in the County, FEMA stressed the importance of forging strong connections with community leaders to enable a better understand and appreciation of the type of peoples that make up the community.
The disaster plan helps mitigate the consequence of undesirable events for areas under the facilities realm of control. Failure to conduct this planning will translate into loss of life and greater costs associated with insurance coverage (Carroll,