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Gender equality and women's entrepreneurship
Gender equality and women's entrepreneurship
Gender equality and women's entrepreneurship
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There are many social returns that can be gained from the Sougha program. Alleviation of unemployment, women empowerment and the all-important role of preserving indigenous Emirati heritage are just examples of the social impact of Sougha. The program is cognizant of the fact that a large population of Emiratis possesses enormous potential for entrepreneurship but is largely unable to achieve employment. Because of the Sougha program, such individuals are able to access assistance, both material and otherwise, which enables them to consequently enhance their entrepreneurial skills and in effect, seize market opportunities (Sougha.com, 2012). As a result, the social reflection of poverty impressed by unemployment is to a great extent moderated. The program is very clear that it not only supports craftsmen, but also craftswomen too. This is a clear message that as part of growing entrepreneurships, the Sougha program realizes the social responsibility it is charged with in realizing gender parity. As such, appreciating that women too have intrinsic talents that could be seen as potential entrepreneurships models goes a long way in effecting the need for reawakening the general social perspective with regard to the role of women. Sougha.com (2012), affords that the program seeks to preserve the indigenous Emirati heritage through fostering economic sustenance among craftsmen and women as well. The interrelationship between culture and economy presents a unique opportunity for remote artisans to effectively tell of the cultural progression of Emiratis and still make some money while at it. Through empowering the economic viability of art, many artisans previously from opportunity deprived regions have, as stated by Sougha.com (2012), ...
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... on 20th May, 2014 from http://dubai.ae/en/Lists/Topics/DispForm.aspx?ID=33&category=businesses
Dubai SME. (2013). The State of Small and Medium Enterprises in Dubai: CASE STUDIES. Dubai SME.
Hassan, K. (2010). Beyond Capital: How Khalifa Fund Enables Economic and Socia Change through Entrepreneurship. Innovation 360 Institute.
Moore, R. (2011). “What is Success in Innovation?” Ivey Business Journal. Accessed on 20th May, 2014 from http://iveybusinessjournal.com/topics/innovation/what-is-success-in-innovation#.U3p6WT9sn1U
Sougha: The Story. (2012). In Sougha.com. Accessed on 20th May, 2014 from http://www.sougha.ae/en/story.aspx
Top SME’s optimistic on 2014 growth based on strong year-end results. (2014). In Gulfnews.com. Accessed on 20th May, 2014 from http://gulfnews.com/business/general/top-smes-optimistic-on-2014-growth-based-on-strong-year-end-results-1.1289564
Back then, it was unacceptable for a woman to take care of a man. However, that belief no longer exists because education is now deemed important. Having a woman help in the house can help meet the bills. Moreover, when kibar families started sending their daughters to school, the community no longer considered educating women a disgrace. The kibar are families whose wealth has been passed on for generations, who live together in a large complex, and share a budget (Meneley 1996: 64-65). In other words, kibar’s financial status can be the equivalent of rich people in the United States. As a result, of the community moving forward, as well as, their views towards kibar families, Zabidi women’ roles have transformed from a passive to an active role inside and outside the household.
...made. “Their domain of activities has extended, if not in the formal market, to the informal sector of the economy and to social affairs. The remarkable indices of these reforms are that urban and rural women volunteers participate in most important political institutions (i.e., parliament and Islamic councils) or in the establishment of NGOs.”21 This is a very large improvement, furthermore, women are gaining access to and “empowerment through higher education”21. Higher education leads to many positives, higher paying jobs, greater social standing, are just some of the advantages that will be accelerated over time as the gender gap becomes less prominent. However, “in Iranian society, men still are perceived to be more important than women”21 though this idea is decreasing at an increasing rate, it illustrates how pervasive and damaging a negative ideology can be.
Haghighat, Elhum. "Social status and change: the question of access to resources and women's empowerment in the Middle East and North Africa." Journal of International Women's Studies 14.1 (2013): 273+. Global Issues In Context. Web. 11 Nov. 2013.
higher education, choice of a husband and access to a prosperous/independent future-that a woman would be positioned to escape gender oppression. However, this is not the case for the Arab women of Fatima Mernissi’s Dreams of Trespass and Ahdaf Soueif’s In the Eye of the Sun. The two main characters of these novels-Asya and Mernissi herself-enable the reader to understand how gender inequality is rooted in the frontiers and accepted social norms that are defined by the community and adhered to by the individual. Although these woman have access to an equal education with the hopes of becoming an enlightened, liberated women, education does not guarantee that they will ever become truly liberated. This paper will discuss the differences between the educated and seemingly liberated women of Dreams of Trespass, and In the Eye of the Sun, in hopes to understand whether cultural and educational frontiers are the only characteristics which govern a woman's right to escape the gendered Arab hierarchy. Why do some women, with access to westernization and an equal education still fall victim to the subservient expectations of an unliberated and uneducated female in the Arab world? Why are these women maintaining such domination when they are surrounded by tools of
Al-Badiya was an educated Egyptian woman who belonged to the elite social class. She argued that female confinement is preposterous. Her main claim is that women need a place in the workforce saturated by men. Al-Badiya accused men “for not allowing women to enter the professions and enjoy the freedoms that men take for granted… (684).” Part of her lecture stated that men said if women attain an education they would have to compete for work or even have jobs taken from them that god has set for the male role in society. She criticized men for being the ones who oppress the women and drive them out of work. One of her disputes was that women had been the ones who had made clothes for themselves and children but now men have created machines to spin a weave fabric forcing women out of
World Bank (2004), Gender and Development in the Middle East and North Africa : Women in the Public Sphere (WashingtonDC : World Bank), Chapter 3.
In this specific article Mohanty illuminates the effects that capitalism has on areas that are being developed, she portrays its effects on women as well as men. In Narsapur the lace making industry skyrocketed between the years 1970 and 1978. As a result of the increased demand, the process of making lace and the final product, which is lace, has been feminized while the trade or exportation of the lace is viewed as business, as a masculinize activity. Women working outside the home in this culture are defined as housewives, hence the job of being a lacemaker is defined as housework. Mohanty argues that the “definition of women as housewives also suggests the heterosexualization of women’s work - women are always defined in relation to men and conjugal marriage” (12). As a result of the heterosexualization of women’s work plus the feminization of the process and product and the masculinization of the trade “men sell women’s products and live on profits from women’s labor” (12).
The Women of the Middle East have played substantial roles for their corresponding countries since the advent of colonialism in the region. Middle Eastern women have worked in all types of fields including medicine, education, agriculture, government, private sector, and even defense. They have kept roofs over their family’s heads while their husbands were away in wars, or even in foreign countries to work in jobs that they could not find in their own countries. The roles of women in the countries of Yemen and Oman are no exception, but while they still find ways to contribute to their country, they care constantly stereotyped, discriminated, and ridiculed by men who are known and unknown to them. This paper will discuss the individual contributions of the women living in Yemen and Oman, and will discuss in further state laws and cultural norms that are affecting the women living in these countries today.
The Assembly Line changed many of the world’s work force and the lives of the citizens as well. There were more people able to work for the same job and didn’t need an education for the job role. Gender roles as well changed a lot in America, women became more reliable in the factories. According to the United States Department Of Labor, it states that women in the workforce has increased by 53 percent in the past 50 years(DOL). Women have had a vital part in America’s society from the start and if not for them then there would not be the society that their is now.Women have become more and more productive as the times have come, for example, “From 1987 to 1999, the number of women-owned firms in the United States more than doubled.” and “About 40 percent of all businesses in America today are owned by women”(1). Even though women aim to become more prominent in the world's workforce they still have to face challenges that they can’t solve themselves. Stated by the United States Department of Labor, “ Despite progress, women business owners still face obstacles. Securing sufficient financing to take a business to the “next step” remains one of the largest inhibitors”(2). Woman have come a long way, but still do not have the power to accomplish what they
It encouraged the cultural autonomy in an environment of visible gender diversity. After 1980, it was fully owned by Saudi government and run by Saudis. Here Aramco faced the culture of male domination especially in the oil sector which I explained earlier in question one. In 2011, the organization had 57,000 employees inclusive of 15% women. (Al-Ghoson 2014) this social and traditional culture will affect the commitment of Aramco to meet increasing energy demand for a growing population and to ensure economic prosperity for all .( Al-Ghoson 2014) Therefore, Aramco had made initiatives to attract and empower women in the oil and gas industry workplace. According to CSR model I will divide the Aramco's initiatives into three elements which are economic, social and environment. First initiative is in economic sphere. Aramco focused more in the fairness of employment opportunity regardless of gender and more women in key position. (Abro et al. 2016) For example, in the early 1990, Huda M. Al-Ghoson was hired as supervisor of housing policy and now she is most senior female executive recounts, for smooth integration of women in the Aramco workforce and develop of talented
In today’s society, women are increasingly gaining ground in the professional environment, because her skills are being more recognized and valued. Women have come over the years reconciling intelligently their life as mother, wife and professional, this power to harmonize their roles is the main feature of the modern woman. The increased participation of women in the labor market brings benefits to society because it promotes gender equality and stimulates the economy.
Women’s productive activities especially in industry empower them economically and motivate them to contribute to overall development of economy. Whether they are working in formal or informal sector or in small or med...
Corporate Entrepreneurship can be seen as the process whereby an individual or a group creates a new venture within an existing organization, revitalizes and renews an organization ,or innovates. Zahra’s(1986) definition of corporate entrepreneurship suggests a formal or informal activity aimed at creating new businesses in established firms through product and process innovations and market developments,whereas sathe(1985) defines corporate entrepreneurship as a process of organizational renewal. Corporate Entrepreneurship has emerged as a much needed ingredient contributing towards the growth of any organization under a changing business environment.
Throughout the history of mankind, the rank of women has been extremely pivotal in the development of the humans. At present, the progress of the nation is determined by the high positions of the women in the society in terms of the employment and the work. It is said that without the contribution of the women in the political, business, social, economic and national activities, the growth of the country will stagnate. In the past, the women were more accustomed to working in homes and taking care of children, etc. but now they are stepping into the outside world due to advances in education for women and increasing awareness.
Risk-taking is one of the chief dimensions of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurs are found to be more risk takers than the managers and salaried employees, such that, they are willing to put their homes on mortgage, jobless and can work for years without any earning (Burns, 2011; Masters & Meier, 1988). According to (Moore & Gergen, 1985), entrepreneurs always take calculate risk and always analyse the situation. Cognitive Psychology supports that the risk taking ability is just limited to their area of expertise (Sjöberg, 1978, Heath & Tversky, 1991). According to (Heath & Tversky, 1991), entrepreneurs take more risk in the area of their interest and expertise and not in those area, they have little knowledge about. But even then also, they take more risk than general population.