1-What is the physiological role of histamine?
Histamine is a biogenic amine involved in local immune responses as well as regulating physiological function in the gut and acting as a neurotransmitter. Histamine triggers the inflammatory response. It increases the permeability of the capillaries to white blood cells and other proteins, in order to allow them to engage foreign invaders in the affected tissues. It is found in virtually all animal body cells
2-How is histamine synthesised within the body?
In the present of L-hsitidine decarboxylase, Histamine is synthesised from the decarboxylation of the amino acid histidine.
3- Provide a brief outline of the therapeutic applications of H1, H2 and H3 receptor antagonists.
H1-receptor antagonists are usually first-line treatment given for seasonal allergic rhinitis
H2 antagonists in attenuating gastric acid secretion have aided many patients with GI disorders.
H3 antangoinist can be aided for the treatment of sleep−wake cycle and in memory formation and alertness.
4- Where are H4 receptors expressed predominantly?
The histamine H4 receptor (H4R) is expressed predominantly on cells of the immune system
5- What is the major flaw associated with the prototypical histamine H4 antagonist JNJ7777120?
It has a short half-life because of rapid demethylation of the terminal N-methyl piperazine,
6- How might the weakness associated with JNJ manifest itself in terms of pharmacokinetics and pharmacology?
It can be seen that the weakness of JNJ is associated with its short half-life that is because of its high clearance and fast metabolise.
7- When describing the properties of JNJ 40279486, the authors highlight the selectivity of the compound over the hERG channel. Explain wh...
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...tituted in nitrogen (primary )
19- On what basis was compound 5 selected as the clinical candidate despite 31 and what was proposed as the possible reason for the superiority of 5.
Because 5 showed an increased pharmodynamic effect in inhibition of LPS-induced TNFαrelease. Moreover , compound 5 showed inhibition when plasma concentration were at or above the mouse Ki , whereas 31 had plasma concentrations that were above the mouse Ki the following figure demonstrate this fact . Furthermore, compound 5 had a significantly higher volume of distribution in comparison with compound 31.
20-There are at least 3 typographical errors in the paper. Two are in Table 1 and one is in the section entitled In vivo profiling of Lead Molecules. Identify one of these typographical errors.
One of the typographical errors in the paper is hki and it must be Ki
Pharmaceuticals have examined and found to ”work by changing the biological functions of the target cells in the body through chemical agents“ (Doweiko, 2015, p. 16). ”Many people in the past have thought that drugs that
Discuss the possible drug and excipient-related constrains of the formulation (no identity of the drug was given to you at this
Edit the following passage. There are about 16 errors. Reduce the word count from 359 words to 320 words.
Pilkington, Andrew CDT I4 CO 16’ Assistance was given to me in fixing my grammatical errors. CDT Pilkington looked over my paper, fixing grammatical mistakes. When he was done, we discussed what was not clear and I fixed those errors within my paper. West Point, NY. 23 March. 2014.
Minor spelling, grammatical, punctuation, and/or capitalization errors were noted and/or there were minor errors with APA.
-Wong, D. T., Bymaster, F. P., Horng, J. S., & Molloy, B. B. (1975). A new selective inhibitor
The Merck Manuals. (2008). The Merck Manuals. Retrieved from The Merck Manuals Online Medical Library: http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/ag/sec07/ch107/ch107b.html
All elements of a text type are present. Extra elements added and written piece exceeds expectations.
Bibliography:(sorry, I did this paper a while ago and I didn't have to do a bibliography so not really sure)
... middle of paper ... ... 1. 1 (Winter 1994): 119. 16. What is the difference between a '' and a ''?
Chapman, Cameron. A Crash Course in Typography: The Basics of Type. 28 March 2011. 8 April 2014. .
Examining the paper highlighted many of the paper’s problems, such as the use of proper syntax and the use of a passive voice as opposed to an active voice. Although the sentences appear clear, as later stated (in the comments), further proofreading is needed in order to assure a cohesive
A succeeding exposure to the same allergen can cause the cross links of the cell-bound IgE and activates the release of numerous pharmacologically active substances. Cross-linking of IgE Fc-receptor is imperative in mast cell activating; mast cell degranulation is followedby increased Ca2+ influx, which is a crucial process; ionophores which increase cytoplasmic Ca2+ also promote degranulation, while agents that deplete cytoplasmic Ca2+ suppress degranulation. Mast cells may be activated by other stimuli such as exercise, emotional stress, anaphylotoxins. These reactions, mediated by agents without IgE-allergen interacti...
Sleep is important for many reasons. Nothing can replace a good night of sleep, not even any pills or vitamins. We all have a internal body clock which makes us feel sleepy throughout the day. Our internal body clock controls the "circadian rhythms" in our bodies. These "circadian rhythms" are what let our bodies know when we are sleepy and it also tells us when we suppose to be awake. (UCLA) Our bodies know when it is time to prepare for bed, a hormone called melatonin is released when it is dark outside which causes our bodies to feel tired. (Mann, Denise) It is very important to listen to our bodies. This is something most teens don’t do. During the day a compound called adenosine builds up in our bodies and when we go to sleep our bodies break that adenosine that had been building up throughout the day. Adenosine is a nucleoside that occurs naturally in all cells of the body. Chemically it is 6- amino-9- beta-D- ribofuranosyl-9-H-purine (Mandal). Adenosine is an important hormone in sleep. As soon as we wake up, adenosine builds up in our brains. During the day, as the hours go by it continues to build up...
Sleep is a very important factor in the human function. Our body and brain is able to reset itself and rejuvenate while we sleep. When we do not get the required amount of sleep, we start to feel lethargic and foggy minded, because our mind and body wasn’t able to replenish itself. Sleep is imperative that an insignificant rest deficiency or lack of sleep can affect our ability to remember things; decisions and can affect our temperament. Chronic sleep deficiency can get the body to feel agitated and it could lead to serious health problems such as, heart problems, stress, acne, and obesity.