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Essays Describe the components of the Health Belief Model and the Trans-theoretical Model
Essays Describe the components of the Health Belief Model and the Trans-theoretical Model
Essays Describe the components of the Health Belief Model and the Trans-theoretical Model
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There are two main ways to change people’s outlook on their lifestyle to make them healthier and acquire more knowledge, which are Health Belief Model and Trans-theoretical Model. They both have a number of similarities as well as differences in their structure. First of all, the HBM is a psychological model that attempt to explain and predict health behavior, it mainly concentrates on the attitude and changes of individuals’ behaviors. The modification bases on the perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers. In order to achieve successful revolution, people need to overcome their obstacles and believe that they could pursue their goal. On the other hand, the TTM prepares for individuals to ready to change their health …show more content…
However, the TTM gives specific directions for people to use in their path to wellness and people have enough time to reach their goal, for example: exercising to lose weight or breaking drinking habit. In contrast, the HBM only gives people the overview of changing the lifestyle. It requires people to access to enough information to heighten their awareness about their health and they want to prevent it, for instance: taking a flu shot or HIV testing. Throughout my experience, I used to apply both of the models and I balanced to maintain my healthy lifestyle. The HBM is used when I realize that I have a chance of getting this disease, specifically I take the flu shot to prevent from getting sick in the winter. Moreover, I use a number of supplements to increase the quality of health, such as multivitamin, fish oil or calcium because I know that these supplements will help me in the future, especially when I get older. In contrast, I used the TTM when I was in high school and it has worked for me for a long time. I was in track and field team in high school; however, I still ate a lot of junk food and believed that if I practiced everyday, I would burn lots of calories and maintain the healthy
In this essay, I will be using the understanding of two psycho-social theories, the theory of planned behavior and the health belief model, and the professional ethics to explain how it can lead to the development of concordant medicines-taking behavior in Amira Masood. Concordant is which doctor, pharmacist and patient agree therapeutic decisions that including their respective opinions, to a deeper understanding which extends from prescribing communication to patient support in medicine taking. (1) I will be also discussing the issues of consent and confidentiality arising in the case. The health belief model is comprising by four basic beliefs.
The Transtheoretical Model integrates cognitive, behavioural and temporal aspects into a comprehensive framework of intentional change. This model guides individuals and populations in their progression to adopt and maintain healthy lifestyle behaviours, such as regular exercise. There are two main strengths of this theory in terms of changing exercise behaviour. By acknowledging different mind-sets, the TMM shows sensitivity towards different levels of readiness to adopt change, as well as supporting the notion that change is underlying continuum (Plotnikoff et al. 2001). The model is broken down into four main interdependent constructs which reflect these strengths: Stages of changes, processes of change, self-efficacy and decisional balance. These constructs are
A of his current state of health and lifestyle behaviours (Harris, Nutbeam, Wise, 2004). For example, the model explores 6 behavioural stages; pre-contemplation, contemplation, determination, action, maintenance and termination. These stages focus on the individual’s experience, behavioural changes and processes as opposed to an event which has determined a behaviour change. Evidently, the transtheoretical model determines that Mr. A is at the pre-contemplation stage (Prochaska & Velicer, 1997). Due to Mr. A experiencing this stage, he is not planning change to his current lifestyle choices. Although Mr. A is not planning changes in the foreseeable future, the transtheoretical model in conjunction with an education campaign can inform Mr. A about different behavioural stages that he may experience. However, understanding this behaviour change model of health cannot determine why Mr. A’s his current lifestyle and behaviour (Prochaska & Velicer, 1997). Fortunately, inclusion of maslow’s hierarchy of needs psychology theory (Donovan, Egger, Spark, 2005) used in conjunction with the transtheoretical model of health, can identify barriers that are stopping Mr A from actively using information from health education campaigns to change his behaviour (Harris, Nutbeam, Wise,
The Health Belief Model is a framework that is used for understanding service user’s health behaviours. The Health Belief Model is based on believing that a service user will seek health care related action if they believe that they are at risk of developing a certain condition and also if they believe that they can successfully and confidently take action to avoid getting the condition. A conceptual framework that describes a person's health behavior as an expression of health beliefs. The model was designed to predict a person's health behavior, including the use of health services, and to justify intervention to alter maladaptive health behavior. www.medical-dictionary.com (accessed 1/11/2016).
Most people have an aspiration to get rid of a certain unhealthy behaviour or to employ a new health behaviour that would benefit their wellbeing. Some examples include a wish to stop smoking, eating a balanced diet or getting rid of a sedentary lifestyle. Many psychologists have been trying to find a model that would help people fight these kinds of unwanted health behaviours. One of such is the Transtheoretical model of behavioural change (TTM) which will be the main focus of this essay. Specifically, how one’s sedentary lifestyle can be changed by bringing out a systematic exercising routine using TTM.
The model of addiction etiology that best describes why people get addicted and how best to help them is biopsychosocial model. The biopsychosocial model, first developed by cardiologist Dr. George Engel, is today widely accepted by the mental health professions. The biopsychosocial model describes addiction as a brain illness that causes personality and social problems. The biopsychosocial model lets us to make solid and accurate differences between substance use, abuse, and dependence. It also allows the signs of addiction to be recognized and structured into progressive stages.
Aim of this paper is to examine and present the application of social cognition models in the prediction and alternation of health behavior. Social cognition models are used in health practices in order to prevent illness or even improve the health state of the individuals in interest, and protect their possibly current healthy state. This essay is an evaluation of the social cognition models when used to health behaviors. Unfortunately it is impossible to discuss extensively all the models and for this reason we will analyze three of the most representative cognitive models to present an integrated idea of their application.
The health belief model (HBM) is a psychosocial model that was developed during the 1950’s by social psychologists of the U.S public health services, and this model was used to explain why people failed to participate in disease prevention and detection programs. The theory is one of the most health behavior theories, which is used to explain behavior change and maintenances, but often times used to predict behavior outcome (Glanze, Rimer, & Lewis, 2002).
This model was put in place to avoid health problems. Some people are more likely to take action towards their health if they feel threatened. An example can be an obese lady who might be at risk of suffering from a heart attack, she is likely to go to her GP and seek for help as having a heart attack can lead to death, and if she gets help, and her health will be less damaged. In order to help her the GP would refer her to a nutritionist which will help her maintain a healthier diet, even more the professionals from the GP would explain the side effects of what can happen if she doesn’t get healthier. The health care professional will also encourage the lady to start doing physical activities to avoid other diseases such as heart diseases or if she has a heart disease, it helps her avoid having a heart attack.
As discussed, it is clear that when it comes to public health the lines are often quite blurred. The Biomedical Model and the Lifestyle Theory Model both have their advantages however a common theme throughout both models is that they are both too reductionist in their approach to health. They failed to consider other health models viewpoints, or incorporate external factors such as the social gradient into their reasoning behind the cause and effect of bad health. Therefore instead of trying to categorise health into definite ‘health models’, health needs to be accepted more for what it is - a forever changing and adapting concept.
The seven stages are broken down and explain an individual’s actions towards their health behavior change. The first stage begins with the person being unaware of the issue. The person is does not know that there is a problem with their behavior so they do nothing to change it. In the second stage, the individual is unengaged by the issue. They know their behavior causes health risks or is dangerous, yet they choose not to do anything about it. In stage three, the individual is deciding what the best plan would be if they did chose to act. The person knows about the problem, they are interested in making a change, and they are taking initiative by planning towards their behavior change. Stage four then separates those who are aware of their health risk but they decide not to act. Stage five includes the individuals who do decide to act in their health behavior change. Acting occurs after stage five, and it is taking action to make changes in their lifestyle. Stage six does not include the maintenance because it is completing the first step towards the health behavior change. Stage seven is the end of the precaution adoption process model. It is the maintenance of the actions taken towards the health behavior change. The precaution adoption process model is a very detailed theory about how individuals process the ways to make a behavior change. It helps determine where they are mentally, and also what they are willing to do to lower their health
... wants their patients to start eating healthier it could help give them ideas on how to change their patient’s intentions. The health care provider could help the patient realize that the important people in their life want them to eat healthy, and this could help change their behavior. They could educate them on the effects of eating healthier and ultimately change their attitude about eating healthy. For example, the patient does not have to cut junk food out completely; they just have to eat it in moderation. This is just one situation were the theories could help in the health care field. There are many other ways these theories are useful. It is important to understand these theories in order to understand that behavior is affected by someone’s intentions. This makes it easier to understand what affects a person’s intentions and how they can be changed.
Health psychology is a relatively new concept rapidly growing and could be defined as the biological and psychological influences affect ones behaviour also bringing in social influences of health and illness (MacDonald, 2013). Biological determinants consider genetic and biological factors of an illness whereas psychological determinants focus on the psychological factors such as why people behave the way they do when dealing with issues such as anxiety and stress. Models such as the Health Belief Model and Locus of Control were developed in attempt to try and explain psychological issues around a chronic illness such as breast cancer (Ogden, 2012). Sociological factors can cause an enormous amount of pressure for one to behave in a certain way for example gender roles in society and religious considerations when dealing with health beliefs. Health Beliefs can be defined as one’s own perception to their own personal health and illness and health behaviours (Ogden, 2012). There are also theories and models used to explain pain and coping with diagnosis such as Moos and Schaefer (1984) Crisis theory and Shontz (1975) cycle of grief people go through when being diagnosed with a serious illness.
Over the course of the last few decades, the U.S. has seen a drastic rise in the spread of obesity. Through the rise of large-scale fast food corporations, the blame has shifted toward the mass consumerism of these global industries. It is, however, due to poor lifestyle choices that the U.S. population has seen a significant increase in the percentage of people afflicted with obesity. In 1990 the percentage of obese people in the United States was approximated at around 15%. In 2010, however, it is said that “36 states had obesity rates of 25 percent or higher”(Millar). These rates have stayed consistent since 2003. The obesity problem in America is
A healthy lifestyle is usually picked up as we get older. However, think of how much more beneficial it would be for our bodies when we get older, if we would have learned and adapted to a healthier lifestyle when we were younger? Teaching your kids how important a healthy diet is, will help them maintain that lifestyle in their older years. Not to mention have lower health risks, higher self-esteem and it will give them the energy they need to keep up with their eating habits and maintain their body weight.