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Evolution of technology essay
Research paper on the evolution of technology
Evolving technology
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Business Growth by Acquisition All companies share a common goal which is growth to increase revenue. To achieve the growth companies develop strategic plans on how to achieve growth. One way to grow is by organic growth. Organic growth is achieved by increasing output and increasing sales (investopedia). The other growth plan is through acquisitions. Acquisitions are when a company buy all or in part of another company (investopedia). Acquisitions are by far the fastest way for a company to grow. When a company acquires another company, it is important to understand how the acquired company operates and how the acquired company will have an impact. Company Background Genentech Inc,. is a biotechnology company located in California. Genentech …show more content…
Genentech uses the pipeline concept to their innovation. Genentech has many projects in their pipeline at varies stages. There are many different forms of innovation a company may use. The type of innovation a company uses is dependent on their business industry and company goals. One innovation form that makes Genentech stand out is their radical innovation approach as well as product innovation. Genentech focuses on addressing the unmet medical needs in the industry. Their purpose is to make new products (medications) to address those unmet needs, this is done by creating new products entirely and improving on what is currently in the market. An example of Genentech’s radical innovation is the creation of genetically engineered human insulin. Prior to the Genentech’s creation of the synthetic insulin people were dependent on insulin from animals …show more content…
When a company goes through an acquisition the changes are planned, the changes are thought out and executed in a structured and timely fashion. When changes are planned it helps put people at ease. Communication of the changes is very important (Griffin, 2013). Organizational Structure The company has to look at the current organizational structure of both companies. The company structure could change in relation to how the reporting structure design (Griffin, 2013). The company will look for over lapping job responsibility as well as job responsibility gaps. Technology and Operations Technology is evolving at a rapid rate, putting technology change as a priority for many companies (Griffin, 2013). In addition many companies have adopted their own technology, software and equipment. When a company is acquired there is a possibility of change to the software and equipment. The reason for change is bases on cost. At the same time the cost to switch over a company to new software and equipment can be very costly and a company may choose not to change software or equipment but doing so over a period of time.
In the late twentieth century, the field of biotechnology and genetic engineering has positioned itself to become one of the great technological revolutions of human history. Yet, things changed when Herber Boyer, a biochemist at the University of California, founded the company Genentech in 1976 to exploit the commercial potential of his research. Since then the field has exploded into a global amalgam of private research firms developing frivolous, profit-hungry products, such as square trees tailor-made for lumber, without any sort of government regulation.
Once the new products are identified for your business (Milestone One), how has the use of technology helped or hindered this organization in determining which new products to
Gene patenting is a very controversial topic that have many scientists and researchers facing issues with their work. The patenting of genes raise many flags in the science world. Some examples of these cons of gene patenting are as follows. With all of this new technology coming out every day the government has a hard time regulated the work of these companies. The most controversial topic in gene patenting is that you can’t patent something found in nature. The final dispute about gene patenting is that those who patent the genes first have a monopoly on this gene, halting others from working with it. Gene patents should not be help by companies due to, halts in research, lack of monitoration, and the fact that you can’t patent something
The soft factors can make or break a successful change process, since new structures and strategies are difficult to build upon inappropriate cultures and values. These problems often come up in the dissatisfying results of spectacular mega-mergers. The lack of success and synergies in such mergers is often based in a clash of completely different cultures, values, and styles, which make it difficult to establish effective common systems and structuresBased on the case study, extensive research and annual reports of AT&T the writer has mapped AT&T in the different domains. AT&T should strive to attain a perfect circle as close to the centre as possible, which indicates total synergy, order and equilibrium. Where the circle is skewed drastic change is needed as it moves closer to the outer ring of chaos:
The patenting issue gained some attention when President Bill Clinton and Prime Minster Tony Blair jointly called for the release of raw genetic data into the public domain (CQ 405). I will argue in this paper that the aggressive competition among biotechnology firms to patent genes is impeding development being made in biomedical sector. The main problem with patenting genes is that companies are filing patents for strands of DNA they discover without fully knowing their functions (Kluger 51). The current attitude in the biotechnology sector seems to be, to gain exclusive access to as much of the human genome as possible first and then figure out the functions of the genes later. Despite the questionable attitude in the biotechnology sector, the current patent laws are allowing companies to continue with their practices. The patents laws are not able to deal with new complications that arise of from patenting genes. As I will argue in this paper, there is a pressing need to modify these laws to permit the HGP and its consequences to benefit everyone rather than lining the pockets of few corporations.
Located in South San Francisco, CA, Genentech was started in 1976 by a biochemist Dr. Herbert Boyer and Robert A. Swanson. From 1995-2009 Arthur Levinson had become the CEO of Genentech; presently it is Ian T. Clark. Genentech is a leading biotechnology company, using human genetic information to discover, develop, manufacture and commercialize medicines to treat people with serious or life-threatening medical conditions (2014). Biotechnology is the technology based on the science of cellular and biomolecular processes to develop technologies and products that help improve peoples’ lives and the health of our environment. How biotechnology uses cellular and biomolecular processes are by using molecular mechanisms by which genetic and metabolic processes occur in plant, animal, and microbial organisms. By using this technology it provides breakthrough products and technologies to combat debilitating and rare diseases, reduce our environment footprint, feed the hungry, use less and cleaner energy, and have safer and cleaner and more efficient industrial manufacturing processes. The many factors they are trying to prevent in our environment overall affects our human health. Genentech provides products in the areas of immunology, oncology, and disorders of tissue growth and repair. For example, scientists are finding ways to prevent the spreading of cancerous cell tissue growth of metastatic breast cancer.
...s and partly, to gain a competitive advantages in the global market. Thus, the company spends billions of dollars in innovative research activities to add new knowledge into the existing knowledge.
Companies merge and acquire other companies for a lot of strategic reasons with different degree of success. The success of a merger is measured by whether the value of the acquiring firm is enhanced by it. The impact of mergers and acquisitions on organization can be small and big in other cases.
Over the last few years, the pressures emanating from international competition, financial innovation, economic growth and expansion, heightened political and economic integration, and technological change have all contributed to the increased pace of mergers and acquisitions.
There are several external growth methods that entrepreneurs may choose for growing their business which are ‘a merger with’ or ‘acquisition of’ other companies.
Gene patenting is the practice of allowing a company to patent specific gene sequences that are found within the human body. It is a highly controversial topic that has been debated upon for years, coming into the spotlight time and time again as people question both its benefits and its drawbacks. While gene patenting benefits the patent holding companies, its effects on society are both detrimental and it impedes progress. Gene patenting has negative consequences on the general public and obstructs genetic research.
Inorganic Growth on the other hand is the growth that results from mergers, acquisitions, joint ventures. This is an accelerated approach for achieving growth, where one company acquires, merges or forms a JV with another firm in order to have quick access into new markets, new geographies and/or gaining synergies and enhancing the competitive advantage of the firm
The world is constantly changing in many different ways. Whether it is technological or cultural change is present and inevitable. Organizations are not exempt from change. As a matter of fact, organizations have to change with the world and society in order to be successful. Organizations have to constantly incorporate change in order to have a competitive advantage and satisfy their customers. Organizations use change in order to learn and grow. However, change is not something that can happen in an organization overnight. It has to be thought through and planned. The General Model of Planned Change focuses on what processes are used by the organization to implement change. In the General Model of Planned Change, four steps are used in order to complete the process of change. Entering and Contracting, Diagnosing, Planning and Implementing, and Evaluating and Institutionalizing are the four steps used in order to complete the process of change in an organization. The diagnostic process is one of the most important activities in OD(Cummings, 2009, p. 30).
The first two do not require the acquired business unit to be connected with the existing units; the second two depend on connection. Although the concepts are not always mutually exclusive, the way in which they generate value for the corporation is different for each. The portfolio management balances current business activities with new industry acquisitions. Its success is undervalued acquisition meets attractiveness and COE test. The challenges are: increased capital market competition, need for industry specific knowledge, and growth of the company and diversity. The restructuring seeks underdeveloped or sick companies and industries. Its successes are: utilize and pass the three tests and ability to find undervalued companies with growth potential. Its challenges are: restructurer exposed to more risk, time limit for success, hold onto a restructured company, and growing depletion of restructuring pool with increased competition. The transfer of skills involves activities important to competitive advantage. With transferring skills, business activities are similar enough that sharing knowledge would be meaningful. However, skills must be useful to key business activities and must be beyond competitors’ capabilities. The ability to share activities has been a potent basis for corporate strategy because sharing often enhances
Whether the firm is able to transfer specific technologies might depend on the flexibility of policies. Organizational cultures and motives also influence the efficacy of technology transfer and acquisition. Once the technology is transferred, further technology development is required and the product must be successfully marketed proving a commercial success. The Market Impact model is not only more stringent in terms of success criteria it imposes, but is also much more exacting in its evaluation requirements.