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The case of the ford pinto
Ford Pinto Introduction
The case of the ford pinto
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Ford Motor Company (“Ford”) began initial planning for the Ford Pinto in the summer of 1967. It was approved by Ford’s Board of Directors in January 1969 and hit the market on September 11, 1970 under the tagline The Little Carefree Car. (Wikipedia—“Ford Pinto”) The vehicle was built as a response to subcompact car imports that were popular with consumers of the time. Ford President Lee Iacocca directed the organization to produce a 1971 model that weighed less than 2,000 pounds and cost less than $2,000. The Ford Pinto came to be known inside the company as “Lee’s car.” At the time, the automobile industry’s average product development schedule, from conception through delivery, was 43 months. By conducting development processes in parallel, the Pinto project was completed in the shortest production planning schedule in automotive history up to that time—in 25 months. Machine tooling overlapped with product development. Therefore, any design changes that would have normally been made before production-line tooling would have to be made during it. Decisions which threatened the schedule were discouraged. The organization, led by Lee Iacocca, made it an important goal to bring the Pinto to customers as quickly as possible (Wikipedia—“Ford Pinto”).
Other American manufacturers were also producing vehicles to compete with the subcompact
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Manufacturers employed scientific strategies, including psychological and marketing techniques, to create demand and consistently increase sales. The result was a stream of vehicles manufactured with increasingly dangerous and highly styled designs, often at the expense of safety. Ford’s chief stylist in the 1950s defended stylish but functionally useless and hazardous designs, such as tail fins, by claiming, “The American public is to blame. If they want it, who are we not to let them have it?” (Lee
This idea, to some extent, came from his desire to sell his cars on Main Street in Oshkosh and Topeka. By using the standardized Model T, Ford was able to produce a great amount of cars that are identical for cheap. The assembly line made every working man have the same task and to do that task well and efficient. The assembly line lead to mass production which increased the production by an incredible amount. All three steps contributed to helping Ford accomplish economies of scales because each step decreased the cost of Model T by spreading the costs out over a large number of cars. The process of lowering prices and increasing sales was going right and the people made it plain that they liked the
Ask any ten enthusiasts what two cars epitomize the concept of an automotive rivalry and at least nine of them will instantly conclude the Chevrolet or Chevy Camaro and the Ford Mustang, two cars that make up part of a small automotive segment known as Pony Cars. These fire-breathing leviathans of the street snarl with guttural reverberations boastfully announcing their presence with the mere turn of key. For nearly five decades, these mechanical beasts have captured the imagination of the American driver and ignited the most contentious debate in automotive history: Which car reigns supreme? Muscle car buffs waste no time quoting sales figures, vehicle performance, track times, or even mundane statistics like vehicle dimensions or available colors to simply justify their support for one model over the other. As this debate rages on, the makers of these brutes fan the flames through targeted marketing strategies, consumer promotions, pricing strategies, and creative advertising all in effort to win an automotive war the likes of which have never been seen or fought before (Davenport, 2013).
When Ford introduced the Mustang in 1964 there was no immediate reaction from General Motors, but by August of '64, just four months after the Mustang's introduction, GM realized the appeal of a four seat sports car. Ironically, the Mustang was created in response to the Chevrolet Corvair Monza!
The automobile went from being a toy for society’s elite to being an essential item within the economic reach of nearly every American, all thanks to the hard work and ingenuity of Henry Ford. His dedication to quality and attention to detail earned him not only dozens of racing titles, but also the reputation of a respectable businessman. Ford understood his market so well that he knew what the people wanted before they could even ask for it, always ahead of the curve. Ford was a pioneer of American commercialism, and so his production methods were centred around efficiency and mass production, thus allowing him to increase productivity and decrees cost to meet the demand of the masses. Lastly, consideration of the working class and philosophy of raising the wages instead of raising the price point and focusing only on profit. There are a great many lessons to be learned from distinguished businessmen in history, and Henry Ford is no
Flink’s Three stages of American automobile consciousness fully express the progress of the whole automobile industry. From the first model T to the automatic production, it gives me an intuitive feeling of the automobile history from a big picture. On the other hand, Kline and Pinch focus more on a certain group of people--farmers or people who live in the rural area, they use it as an entry point to talk about automobile, alone with the role and duty transition between male and
This radical idea of the automobile permeated throughout America with most, if not all credit renowned to Henry Ford. Observed as a technological mastermind, Ford commenced experiments involving machinery from the time he was adolescent to launching his career working at the Edison Illuminating Company. He examined internal combustion engines and gasoline buggy ideas eventually resulting in removing himself from Edison’s company and his introduction in the emerging automobile industry. Following in 1903, he established the Ford Motor Company, which expeditiously became a leader in the automotive industry and would gain extensive wealth within only a few decades. While other manufacturers strove to produce automobiles to be extravagant and luxurious predominantly for the wealthy, he immensely focused on efficient mass production of durable, affordable vehicles for the expanding middle-class market.
The assembly line has brought many workers together. to work only on their specific part of a car, therefore. building them much faster than they are. This is done using many separate steps. Then you can use the.
That was just a spark in Ford's automobile industry,another important thing Ford did and that was different from all the other companies and automakers
Ford decided to install the moving belt. This allowed more than one man to try to put together a part for the car. As the belt moved along one man would have a certain job to do for that part, then it would move on to the next person. For example, the magneto would take one man twenty minutes to assemble it, but with the moving belt the process took only five minutes. Their first attempt to assemble an entire car by the assembly line was done by putting the frame on skids and pulling it from one of the building by a rope.
"The Automobile." American Decades. Ed. Judith S. Baughman, et al. Vol. 2: 1910-1919. Detroit: Gale, 2001. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 5 Mar. 2014.
Foreign markets were beginning to show promise with the vehicles that were going to put out on the market. The Ford Motor Company began to feel the pressure and felt that it needed to be in the limelight of the competition. Lee Iococca, the CEO of Ford, decided that it was time for a change and thus the Ford Pinto was introduced. However, the Pinto had numerous flaws that cost the Ford Company more than ever anticipated.
When we consider the case of the Ford Pinto, and its relative controversy, through the varied scope of ethical viewpoints, the results might surprise us. From a personal standpoint, as a consumer, the idea of selling a vehicle to the masses with such a potentially devastating flaw is completely unethical. When we consider the case from other directions and other ethical viewpoints, however, it makes it clear that often ethics are a matter of perspective and philosophy. It’s also clear that there are cases where more information will muddy the waters, rather than clear them.
There was strong competition for Ford in the American small-car market from Volkswagen and several Japanese companies in the 1960’s. To fight the competition, Ford rushed its newest car the Pinto into production in much less time than is usually required to develop a car. The regular time to produce an automobile is 43 months but Ford took 25 months only (Satchi, L., 2005). Although Ford had access to a new design which would decrease the possibility of the Ford Pinto from exploding, the company chose not to implement the design, which would have cost $11 per car, even though it had done an analysis showing that the new design would result in 180 less deaths. The company defended itself on the grounds that it used the accepted risk-benefit analysis to determine if the monetary costs of making the change were greater than the societal benefit. Based on the numbers Ford used, the cost would have been $137 million versus the $49.5 million price tag put on the deaths, injuries, and car damages, and thus Ford felt justified not implementing the design change (Legget, C., 1999). This was a ground breaking decision because it failed to use the common standard of whether a harm was a result of an action on trespass or harm as a result of an action on the case (Ferguson, A., 2005).
Ford’s production plants rely on very high-tech computers and automated assembly. It takes a significant financial investment and time to reconfigure a production plant after a vehicle model is setup for assembly. Ford has made this mistake in the past and surprisingly hasn’t learned the valuable lesson as evidence from the hybrid revolution their missing out on today. Between 1927 and 1928, Ford set in motion their “1928 Plan” of establishing worldwide operations. Unfortunately, the strategic plan didn’t account for economic factors in Europe driving the demand for smaller vehicles. Henry Ford established plants in Europe for the larger North American model A. Their market share in 1929 was 5.7% in England and 7.2% in France (Dassbach, 1988). Economic changes can wreak havoc on a corporation’s bottom line and profitability as well as their brand.
The Mustang got its name from the World War II P-51 Mustang fighter plane (Harris). The “five generations” evolved each year model until, in response to the 1971-1973 models, Ford returned the car to its original size and concept in 1974 (Bowling). The first generation of the Mustangs appeared in 1964 and lasted through 1973. On March 9, 1964, the first Mustang, a Wimbledon white convertible with a 260 cu in V8 engine, rolled off the assembly line in Dearborn, Michigan. A month later on April 17, 1964, the Ford Mustang made its world debut at the World’s Fair in Flushing Meadows, New York (Kelly).