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Importance of impression management
Dramaturgical approach
Discuss impression formation
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Recommended: Importance of impression management
Imagine attending a college graduation ceremony and the man giving the keynote address strolls with hunched shoulders up to the podium. His hair has dreadlocks and stands on end in several places. His clothes look as if he quickly picked them out of the bargain bin of the local Goodwill Store. He is wearing a striped sports jacket, plaid golf pants and white, athletic socks with his bright, Bronco orange Crocs. Based solely on this information, will the audience listen intently and gain inspiration from the knowledge this man has to impart? Is it possible for his words to have the same impact on this particular audience as a speaker who marched confidently up to the podium, his head held high, his hair neatly combed, his suit meticulously tailored, and shoes polished to a glossy shine? Most likely not because human nature takes over and first impressions form.
First impressions are powerful and can be difficult to overcome. Research shows first impressions form within a few moments of an encounter and may take many additional encounters to overcome (Tongue, 2007). Observers use many different criteria, such as personal beliefs, verbal cues, non-verbal cues, and aesthetic cues, to form first impressions. However, content has little to do with the impact of a first impression. Appearance has the most impact on a first impression. In fact, only 7% of an impression comes from the actual content of a message. Another 35% of the impression comes from the delivery of the message; tone, inflection and pitch. This leaves, a very large percentage, approximately 55%, of an impression forming based on visualization, how one appears (Jeavons, 2007). Imagine appearance being the deciding factor rather than knowledge. This is h...
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...s” is one of many tools that can be used to gain the necessary understanding of human behavior to be successful in setting aside first impressions and working toward a common goal.
Works Cited
Babcock, M. K. (1989). The dramaturgic perspective: Implications for the study of person perception. European Journal of Social Psychology, 19(4), 297-309. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
Clark, D. R. (2010). First Impressions. Retrieved Sept 9, 2011 from http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/leader/impress.html
Clark, D. R. (2011). Leadership and Human Behavior. Retrieved Sept 9, 2011 from http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/leader/leadhb.html
Jeavons, S. (2007). Take Command of the Room With Strong Body Language. American Salesman, 52(4), 28. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
Tongue, S. (2007). Every day brings a first impression. Nursing Standard, 22(4), 62-63. Retrieved from EBSCOhost
Dramaturgy is a view of social life as a series of dramatic performances akin to those taken place in a theatre (Ritzer, 144). Much of Goffman’s dramaturgy is concerned with the processes by which such disturbances are prevented and dealt with (Ritzer, page 144). In the Presentation of Self in Everyday Life, Goffman developed a new approach to the sociological study of human interaction, due to a mental health court scenario, of what he referred to as “dramaturgical” because of the analogy it had of the theatre to describe how an individual engages in social interaction with others in a performance (Staton et al, page 5). This performance was a way for actors to influence their audience in a given situation. In the addition of the mental health scenario, age, gender, and race relevant. The human relationships observed in the mental health court was analyzed was theorized so Goffman could explain characteristics of human interactions.
Taylor, C. (2011). Introduction to Nursing. Fundamentals of nursing: the art and science of nursing care (7th ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Americans sometimes have trouble making first impressions.Although many factors can affect someone's first impression, Statistic show that 55 percent of first impressions is actually about appearance and body language. Which means depending on how someones day is going can potentially affect their first impression.How people first present themselves the first time they meet can change they way someone may view their character.
First impressions are created by a composite of signals given off by a new experience (Flora, 2004). The judgment of these impressions depends on the observer and the person being observed (Flora, 2004). When you meet someone for the first time it takes about three seconds to be evaluated by the observer (Mind Tools, 1996-2011,). During this time the person forms an opinion about you based on your appearance, your body language, your demeanor, and how you dress (Mind Tools, 2996-2011,). Impressions are important to us because they are impossible to be reserved and the set the tone for all the relationships that follow (Mind Tools, 1996-2011).
Adopted into sociology by Erving Goffman, he developed most terms and the idea behind dramaturgical analysis in his 1959 book The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. This book lays out the process of human social interaction, sometimes called "impression management". Goffman makes the distinction between "front stage" and "back stage" behavior. “Front stage" actions are visible to the audience and are part of the performance. We change our hair color, eye color, complextion. Wearing make-up, the way our hair is styled, the clothes we wear. The demeanor we present to the world to the. All of these things lead to an outward appearance of what we want others to think we are. People engage in "back stage" behaviors when no audience is present. We whine and moan about the customers we deal with. Hair goes un-styled, make is wiped off. Clothing is comfortable and unrestricting. When a person conducts themselves in certain way not consistent with social expectations, it is often done secretly if this ...
Nursing/Academic Edition. Web. The Web. The Web. 01 Apr 2014.
For this paper, I will be focusing on Erving Goffman’s concept of dramaturgy. Erving Goffman was a sociologist who studied social interaction, and is well known for his work on ‘the self.’ His book, Presentation of Self, continues to be an important and relevant book in sociology since it explains why social interaction within humans is important. In his theory, Goffman explains that people are like actors performing on a stage because of how they live their lives. Drama is used as a metaphor for how an individual presents themselves to society.
Potter, P. A., & Perry, A. G. (2005). Fundamentals of nursing (6th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby,
Nonverbal cues fall into two basic categories, nonverbal messages produced by the body or nonverbal messages produced by the broad setting (Tidwell). This paper will focus towards nonverbal messages produced by one’s body. Eye contact and posture are two of the most significant nonverbal cues that one can use to make or break a situation. Imagine a customer chatting with a sales agent discussing the perks of the item for purchase. If the sales person does not make eye contact with the customer or is constantly glancing away there is reasonable cause to assume that the customer is either going to feel as if the sales agent is shady or that the agent is otherwise preoccupied. This will lead the potential customer to feel non-important to the agent and the customer ma...
Erving Goffman uses a dramaturgical perspective in his discussion of impression management. Goffman’s analysis of the social world primarily centres around studies of the self and relationship to one’s identity created within a society. Through dramaturgy, Goffman uses the metaphor of performance theatre to convey the nature of human social interaction, drawing from the renowned quote “All the world’s a stage and all the men and women merely players” from Shakespeare’s ‘As You Like It.’ Much of our exploration of Goffman’s theories lies within the premise that individuals engage in impression management, and achieve a successful or unsuccessful performance. Impression management refers to the ways in which individuals attempt to control the impression that others have of them stemming from a basic human desire to be viewed by others in a favourable light. Goffman argues that our impressions are managed through a dramaturgical process whereby social life is played out like actors performing on a stage and our actions are dictated by the roles that we are playing in particular situations. In a social situation, the stage is where the encounter takes place, the actors are the people involved in the interaction, and the script is the set of social norms in which the actors must abide by. Just as plays have a front stage and back stage, this also applies in day-to-day interactions. Goffman’s theory of the front and back stage builds on Mead’s argument of the phases of the self. The front stage consists of all the public and social encounters with other people. It is similar to the ‘me’ which Mead talks about, as it involves public encounters as well as how others perceive you. Meanwhile the back stage, like the ‘I’, is the time spent with oneself reflecting on the interactions. Therefore, according to Goffman’s dramaturgical
Taylor, C. R., Lillis, C., LeMone, P., & Lynn, P. (2011). Fundamentals of nursing: The art and science of nursing care (7th ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Potter, P. A., & Perry, A. G. (2009). Fundamentals of nursing (Seventh ed.). St. Louis, Mo.: Mosby Elsevier.
Human interaction can be broken down into two basic fundamentals, non-verbal and verbal communication. Non-verbal communication can include everything from how a person looks, walks, and acts to their body language. People often form immediate first impressions based on these things alone, before that person ever opens their mouth to speak (Hockenbury & Hockenbury, 2008). Verbal communication can influence this impression and
Social perception is 1.“the cognitive process that helps us form impressions of those around us and subconscious attitudes towards other people based their defining characteristics which help to comprehend a situation and gauge our behaviour accordingly. Social perception can be the mental progression of picking up clues and signals from others that help us form an early stage of what they may be like. Our brains may rely on stereotypes or previous similar experiences to build a picture of what to expect from any given social encounter”
Dalai Lama said “Sometimes one creates a dynamic impression by saying something, and sometimes one creates as significant an impression by remaining silent.” (Dalai Lama, n.d.) Some people are of the belief that first impressions are lasting and hard to overcome if they are bad. As a leader a person can’t judge solely on the basis of a first impression nor can they ignore them. A lot can be gathered from first impressions and that knowledge should be kept while obtaining a better understanding of that individual. In the class example an extroverted and introverted scenario of John was given. Let’s explore how first impressions strike people, take a look at how the picture of John changed from one reading to the next. Lastly, looking to see if the picture of John in the mind’s eye changed if the scenarios were read in a different order, introvert to extrovert?