For this paper, I will be focusing on Erving Goffman’s concept of dramaturgy. Erving Goffman was a sociologist who studied social interaction, and is well known for his work on ‘the self.’ His book, Presentation of Self, continues to be an important and relevant book in sociology since it explains by social interaction within humans is important. In his theory, Goffman explains that people are like actors performing on a stage because of how they live their lives. Drama is used as a metaphor for how an individual presents their self to society. In his work, Goffman explains that ‘the self’ is the result of the dramatic interaction between the actor and the audience he or she performs to. There are many aspects of how an individual performs his or her ‘self’. One of the aspects from performing the self what Goffman labels as the ‘front.’ The front involves managing the individual’s impression. Similar to the definition of the word, the front is a part of an individual that is presented in order for others to see and is seen first. In our lives, the front stage occurs when we interact with others within public or professional settings. The personal front refers to the “expressive equipment that the audience identifies with the performers and expects them to carry with them into the setting” (Pada, 2016). The personal front includes the performer’s clothing style, sex, age, and race, posture, manner of speaking, facial expressions, and gestures. This list refers to the two subcategories of the personal front: appearance and manners. The appearance involves everything that has to do with our appearance, and what we do with our bodies. Manners refer to how we carry ourselves. For example, a young doctor may not be taken very seriously by older patients because he or she is younger than them. However, by keeping his or her appearance and manners professional, he or she can gain the trust of older
It follows a routinized and learned social script shaped by cultural norms. Waiting in line for something, boarding a bus and flashing a transit pass, and exchanging pleasantries about the weekend with colleagues are all examples of routinized and scripted front stage performances. The routines of our daily lives that take place outside of our homes like traveling to and from work, shopping, dining out or going to a cultural exhibit. The performances we put together with those around us follow familiar rules and expectations for what we do, what we talk about, and how we interact with each other in each setting” (n.d.) while the back region is “what we do when no one is looking. Being at home instead of out in public, or at work or school, is the clearest demarcation of the difference between front and backstage in social life. We are often more relaxed and comfortable when backstage, we let our guard down, and be what our uninhibited or true selves. Often when we are backstage we rehearse certain behaviors or interactions and otherwise prepare ourselves for upcoming front stage
One of the central themes of theatrical form is identity and the catalyst by which identity is formed is the body. In using the body as the site of formation of individual identity, women are “uniquely identified with their anatomy” and specifically the parts of their anatomy that differ from that of men (Callaghan 30). Because women are thus defined by their relation ...
Goffman, E. (1959). The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. New York: Doubleday Anchor Books.
Adopted into sociology by Erving Goffman, he developed most terms and the idea behind dramaturgical analysis in his 1959 book The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. This book lays out the process of human social interaction, sometimes called "impression management". Goffman makes the distinction between "front stage" and "back stage" behavior. “Front stage" actions are visible to the audience and are part of the performance. We change our hair color, eye color, complextion. Wearing make-up, the way our hair is styled, the clothes we wear. The demeanor we present to the world to the. All of these things lead to an outward appearance of what we want others to think we are. People engage in "back stage" behaviors when no audience is present. We whine and moan about the customers we deal with. Hair goes un-styled, make is wiped off. Clothing is comfortable and unrestricting. When a person conducts themselves in certain way not consistent with social expectations, it is often done secretly if this ...
According to Erving Goffman’s performances theory, the way we interpret ourselves is similar to a theater in which we are all actors on a stage playing a variety of roles. The way in which we act in front of a group of observers or audience is our performance. Goffman introduces the idea that we are always performing for our observers like actors performing on a stage. The impression that we give off to an audience in a scenario is the actor’s front. You can compare an actor’s front to a script. Certain scenarios have scripts that suggest the actor how he or she should behave in every situation. The setting for the performances includes the location and scenery in which the acing takes place.
Front stage refers to how we are expected to present ourselves a certain way, however, when a person goes against the norm society tends to notice. Goffman noticed this and related it to the front stage of a play performance and how the actors play a part the way they are supposed to, but if that actor doesn’t play the character correctly the audience (society) will notice and try to shun or revert the actor back to the social norm. In Goffman’s book “The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life” he states that the back stage is a place where "the performer can relax; he can drop his front, forgo speaking in his lines, and step out of character" (488). Meaning when a person is away from society they are able to drop there “role” and truly be themselves without judgment or consequences. Outside or off-stage is where individual actors meet the audience and then play a different role altogether. This is to say that a nurse is to plays a front stage role when she is on a team of doctors and nurses when performing a surgery. They are meant to be focused and be ready to help the surgeon in a moment’s notice. Though when the surgery is over the nurse goes to meet the patient personally and plays a whole different role. They usually nice and cheerful, to make the situation and conversation as enjoyable and easy as possible. Finally borders or boundaries prevent or restrict
Erving Goffman uses a dramaturgical perspective in his discussion of impression management. Goffman’s analysis of the social world primarily centres around studies of the self and relationship to one’s identity created within a society. Through dramaturgy, Goffman uses the metaphor of performance theatre to convey the nature of human social interaction, drawing from the renowned quote “All the world’s a stage and all the men and women merely players” from Shakespeare’s ‘As You Like It.’ Much of our exploration of Goffman’s theories lies within the premise that individuals engage in impression management, and achieve a successful or unsuccessful performance. Impression management refers to the ways in which individuals attempt to control the impression that others have of them stemming from a basic human desire to be viewed by others in a favourable light. Goffman argues that our impressions are managed through a dramaturgical process whereby social life is played out like actors performing on a stage and our actions are dictated by the roles that we are playing in particular situations. In a social situation, the stage is where the encounter takes place, the actors are the people involved in the interaction, and the script is the set of social norms in which the actors must abide by. Just as plays have a front stage and back stage, this also applies in day-to-day interactions. Goffman’s theory of the front and back stage builds on Mead’s argument of the phases of the self. The front stage consists of all the public and social encounters with other people. It is similar to the ‘me’ which Mead talks about, as it involves public encounters as well as how others perceive you. Meanwhile the back stage, like the ‘I’, is the time spent with oneself reflecting on the interactions. Therefore, according to Goffman’s dramaturgical
This essay elaborates on the importance of physical appearance of an individual as a criterion for personal development and success in a career.
In our society, appearance and its importance might not look like a problem because of how much it is present in our lives and how it has been presented to us but it is important because we face problems like bullying at every level from child to adult and lower self-esteem that are highly correlated to suicide. The problems that we face today related to appearances are important so this topic deserve attention. Because it affects children, parents, models, teenagers and everybody, we s...
In the first chapter Esslin deems all common definitions of drama as lacking and insufficient since they overlook dramatic genres that are not staged. He thus draws heavily on those who regard live theatre as the only true form of drama. And yet Esslin does not state his own definition. He instead declares that drama should not have ...
In this paper, I will be focusing briefly on my knowledge and understanding of the concept of Applied theatre and one of its theatre form, which is Theatre in Education. The term Applied Theatre is a broad range of dramatic activity carried out by a crowd of diverse bodies and groups.
The point of this essay was to illustrate the key concepts of the Performance Theory, to show how to understand them and apply them on the actual performances and actions. I think that the most important thing to elucidate is that „everything around us is a performance.“ So after all, everybody is a performer and an actor in their own way. And life is a performance.
The survival of theatre lies in the very nature of humankind: its inner voyeuristic drive. The desire to watch other people dealing with their conflicts and fates challenges as well as reinforces values and the morality of society. The theatre provides an exciting opportunity to watch stories and situations as if they were real life, showing us the truth of our nature.
Erving Goffman (1959) wrote that “social interaction may be likened to a theatre, and people in everyday life to actors on stage, each playing a variety of roles”. When you think of the way we behave and interact with each other, there really is not a more appropriate metaphor than comparing our behavior to that of actors portraying roles on stage. For example, there are a multitude of roles and statuses that could be used to describe me; among them being Mexican American, student, wife, daughter, sister, female, and middle child. However, while all these are true at any given time throughout the day, the role I portray changes with the situation and it should since different settings or situations have different audiences thus requiring a distinct performance to accommodate the current situation. An example of this phenomenon is described by the differentiation between front stage performance and back stage performance. To use myself as an example again let us consider my front stage performance as a