Children and young people development may be influenced by a range of external factors if for example they live in a poorer country, they may live in poverty and deprivation this could have a massive impact as they may not have the money and resources to have an education. Family background may be a factor also, as there may not be additional help for children when they are at home and education may not be on their list of priorities for their child. If a child is moved around a lot could have a massive impact on their education and they can fall behind if this is done on a regular basis. A child may not have been to a nursery so it may take twice as long for them to catch up with a child that has that early learning goal.
Some personal factors
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Question: Question 4
Answer: Theories of development are very important for us to help understand children and young people to how they react to situations, the way they learn and of their behaviour. Theories of the way we work with children provide a framework to which we use in our settings for example in early years. This helps us to check development of children and young people to keep them healthy and safe. This can help teachers ensure that children are ready for school for example.
A theory from B.F Skinner believed that behaviour and learning can be shaped by providing rewards and punishment. This is used a lot within schools and within the family and it can be very efficient
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Question: Question 5
Answer: Practitioners use a variety of methods to assesâ€TM children and young people, so they can notice when they are not progressing as expected in early child hood. Practitioners can do early interventions when necessary to give children and young people support when needed so they can get as much help and support at the earliest stage possible.
The different methods can vary. Such as a daily diary for example. This can help with monitoring childrenâ€TMs behaviour and triggers that may cause behaviour problems and distractions in their work and daily routines.
Following daily observations can provide the basis for planning activities for each pupilâ€TMs skills in specific areas. This will co inside with the planning and requirements for the relevant curriculum framework.
Health professionals use a measurement chart to measure the height and weight of a young person to see if they are developing how they should be.
Cognitive assessments monitor a child intelligence and is carried out in schools this is to find out where a child may be at for their age group and if they need more support.
Question: Question
Theories abound around how people develop emotionally, intellectually, socially and spiritually. This essay will examine the theories of five leaders on the subject of development.
In second grade I was apart of a wild classroom. Their was a lot of chaos from all the young children. My teacher struggled to get everyone on task and to complete our work. After some time my teacher decided to make up a reward system (positive reinforcement). The children in the classroom were able to earn tickets for doing their homework, being respectful, and many other things. We were able to save these tickets and cash them in on fridays for treats, toys, or even sometimes extra recess. The teacher had a separate system for when we misbehaved. There were 3 colors you could earn everyday. If you weren’t on task, out of your seat, or just being disruptive she would change your color from green to yellow. If it happened again you got a red card and lost your tickets you earned for that day. This is a perfect example of positive punishment. It gave each child an opportunity to earn tickets for good behavior, and a warning system with the cards that possibly would lead to losing your earned tickets. Our teacher was using operant conditioning to produce a change in our
There are various theories of development which have an influence on current practices in schools today.
Child psychology, also known as child development, is the study of psychological growth of children; how these mechanisms develop from infancy to adolescence and why they deviate from one child to the next. Child development is associated with biological, psychological, and emotional diversity that occur in humans. Although there is a different advancement for each child, these developmental changes may be greatly determined by genetic factors and experience during prenatal life. The early years of a child’s life are very important for his or her health and development. Parents, health professionals, educators, and others can work together as partners to help children grow up to reach their full potential.
Sometimes young people's development can be affected by a number of external and internal factors these include the following: Social interaction can be another factor as a child may follow his peers to fit in as it can be a higher priority to a child to fit in with other children and may copy in their footsteps for example copying bad behaviour or getting pressured to do things he doesn't want to do, social interactions can also be a big distraction especially when it means they are learning in the same environment, this may cause problems in the classroom resulting I'm it affecting the child's learning development. Disabilities and illness is another factor, wheelchair bound children can be potentially hindered in their physical progression
An enduring issue in developmental psychology has been the question of which exercises a greater influence on development, our inborn tendencies (nature) or our surrounding world (nurture)? In infants and toddler development, nature is a natural quality that is impacted to development. Most of the natural qualities in nature are in every human being. For instance, practically all children have the ability to learn to talk and walk as well as following what other people do, especially adults. Each and every child has a natural human quality that will assist them to develop when they are in a learning environment (Dacey, 2008).
A child's development affects how they learn. All children don't fit the norms of development but not all children should be looked down on because of this. The development of the body and mind leads to the development of skills a child learns in life. Teachers need to help the child expand their skills and the knowledge to do the skills well.
Through research, it is evident that there is a close link between observation, documentation and assessment in early childhood settings. Each one could be easily misunderstood as being the same thing, however with this in mind observation, documentation and assessment each hold different purposes and processes that individually benefit the child’s learning and development. It is important to note that observations gather information, documentation makes learning visible and assessment demonstrates the learning progression and outcomes. Each method is commonly used by educators throughout the day to record and document the child’s learning.
Observing children performing an activity, either through independent play or group play, teachers can gather information about their interest, understand their personalities and behaviours. Moreover, by using checklist their level of achievement in terms of language aquisition and also developing certain skills can also be assessed. Observation helps to ensure that chidren meet their development milestones. Developmental milestones acts as rough guide to check children development are on track for their age. Child development observation is helpful to detect any early hiccups in development.
Observation is important as the practitioner can find out what the child is interested in and what motivates them to learn alongside their progress and how they behave in certain situations, additionally at the same time it identifies if children need assistance within certain areas of learning or socially (DCSF, 2008). Furthermore the observations check that the child is safe, contented, healthy and developing normally within the classroom or early years setting, over time the observations can be given to parents as they show a record of progress which helps to settle the parent and feel more comfortable about their child’s education. Observations are not only constructive within learning about an individual child, they can be used to see how different groups of children behave in the same situation and how adults communicate and deal with children’s behaviour (Meggitt and Walker, 2004). Overall observations should always look at the positives of what children can complete within education and not look at the negatives and all observations should become a fundamental part of all practitioners work alongside reflection (Smidt, 2009).
There are many different aspects of environment that can affect the development of children. One major environmental impact that influences the development of a child is the neighborhood they are raised in. Within the neighborhood there are several other aspect of influence. Where a child is raised can affect their behavior, attitudes, emotions, personality, values, health, and so much more. This can be seen in their personal lives at home to their social lives around others in classrooms. The affects of a child’s development due to their environment can be seen in both a positive and negative aspect. The neighborhood that a child is raised in can be very critical in their development. It may have a significant effect on what he or she becomes in the future.
Educators find punishment a more acceptable approach for many reasons. The article argues for educators to begin the practice of positive reinforcement to increase positive behavior instead of risking negative behavior by using punishment. “Positive reinforcement is a universal principle that is in effect regardless of the age, gender, culture, or disability of a child (Wielkiewicz, 1995)” (Maag, 2001). Maag, in the article asks about why, if positive reinforcement is a universal technique why is not part of the college and university course training for educational careers. As Maag quoted Axelrod (1996) that the lack of popularity and professional acceptability of positive reinforcement might be because this task requires time, has little to no compensation for educators and contradict popular views of development psychology. Which contradicts punishment which is widely accepted by society as a disciplinary technique. According to Maag, Axelrod (1996) recommendations were not welcome
The distinction between nature versus nurture or even environment versus heredity leads to the question of: does the direct environment or the nature surrounding an adolescent directly influence acts of delinquency, later progressing further into more radical crimes such as murder or psychotic manifestation, or is it directly linked to the hereditary traits and genes passed down from that individual adolescent’s biological parents? To answer this question one must first understand the difference between nature, nurture, environment, and heredity. Nurture, broken down further into environment, is defined as various external or environmental factors one is exposed to which can be more specifically broken down into social and physical aspects. Nature, itself broken down into heredity, is defined as the genetics and the individual characteristics in one’s personality or even human nature.
Childhood is defined as the period in human development between infancy and adulthood(book). In a historical perspective, this is relatively new social construction. Early childhood most often refers to the months and years between infancy and school age children. Child development is influenced by a lot of factors. These factors influence a child both in positive ways that can enhance their development and in negative ways that can change developmental outcomes. To understand why childhood is such a crucial time in human life it is important to study the development before and after birth along with any factors that may alter life in between.
In the study of child development, nature and nurture are two essential concepts that immensely influence future abilities and characteristics of developing children. Nature refers to the genetically obtained characteristics and abilities that influence development while nurture refers to the surrounding environmental conditions that influence development. Without one or the other, a child may not develop some important skills, such as communication and walking. The roles of physiological and psychological needs in a person’s life are also crucial for developing children. Humanistic psychologist, Abraham Maslow, suggested that humans don’t only aim towards survival, but also aim towards self-actualization (Rathus, P. 94).