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Factors affecting motivation
Problems in motivation
Problems in motivation
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During my work term I was not very motivated to put in effort or go the extra mile for my assigned tasks. Using expectancy theory, the reason for my lack of motivation during my co-op term can be explained clearly and effectively.
Starting with expectancy, I did believe that if I exerted more effort, that I would be able to perform my job faster, however, the only reason I felt the need to so was to ensure I received a good evaluation. My assigned work was not important to the project nor was it making any significant impact to those around me. The absence of a supportive leadership also caused me to lose motivation. They had not given me the chance to work on more challenging tasks or take the time to think of any tasks I could do with my current skills. They also did not give me any training so that I could perform work that would be instrumental to the overall project. All of these reasons combined made the outcome of my effort feel obsolete and not important in the bigger picture. In terms of self-efficacy, I knew I had the skillset required for the tasks I was assigned, but, that is only due to the fact that the tasks themselves were very simple and in no ways challenging. The lack of difficulty during my work term caused me to lose motivation and it felt as though the outcomes would not be satisfying.
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Measurement of how well I performed on my tasks was very vague, so I did not know how I was being evaluated, especially since my evaluator did not work with me. As mentioned before, due to my work being very insignificant in the bigger picture, I did not feel like the outcomes were instrumental to the success of the project. This was the reason why I did not perform as well as I believe I could
Ethics, in any form, provides a detailed verdict on what is considered right or wrong. This means that it provides assertions of what ought to be done and what should not. Ethics is also universal and affects anything in relation to individuals. These matters keep businesses from abusing consumers. Laws have even been enacted to enforce principles set forth by ethics. But, in some cases, scrutiny of the laws or their enforcements may be too loose and ineffective. This is evident in the case of the Japanese manufacturer Takata and their faulty airbags. While in other cases there may not be laws clarifying how to act in a specific setting, as in Todd Rutherford and his online reviewing company. These circumstances depend on personal ethics and
Depending on how motivated we are, it may further determine the effort we put into our work and therefore increase the standard of the productivity. There have been a wide variety of theories about motivation developed over the years. Several are drive-reduction theory, arousal theory, psychosocial (both incentive and cognitive) theory, and Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs.
The Expectancy Violations Theory originated by Judee Burgoon explains a person’s response to unpredicted actions by their peers, and the numerous meanings that individuals attribute to the abuse or violation of their personal space. Burgoon defined personal space as the “invisible, variable volume of space surrounding an individual that defines that individual’s preferred distance from others” (Griffin, p. 85). Expectancy is what people predict (or expect) will occur, instead of what they wish.
As human beings it is difficult for us to efficiently conduct a task that is not of our interest. Although most, if not all, of us want to succeed in our endeavors, such is often difficult when the task is one we seldom care about. This is where the concept of motivation comes into play. As per the class textbook, motivation is defined as “The processes that account for an individual’s intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal.”(Robbins & Judge, 2013, p. 202). Motivation plays a huge factor in how intensely and efficiently an employee goes about performing a task.
Motivation play an important role in today’s work environment as motivated employees are more productive employees. However, the ways how we motivate the employees have to be improved from time to time as employees are being more demanding and that they are more concern about their needs than before. Motivational strategies have probably affected the most by employee concerns and values (Greiner 1986, p. 82). ‘A motivational strategy is any effort to induce employees to initiate and sustain activities that can directly or indirectly improve service productivity’ (Greiner 1986, p. 82). Motivation can have an effect on the output of your business and concerns both quantity and quality. For example, if you are in a manufacturing company, your business actually relies heavily on your production staff to make sure that quality product are being produce and being delivered to your client at the right time. However, if your production employees are lack of motivation they will be not motivated to produce the amount of product demanded, thus will be very costly. In the essay below, we will be discussing on the strength and weaknesses of McClelland’s acquired needs theory and the expectancy theory.
People spend an extensive part of their lives at work, so it is not astonishing that they expect to be rewarded and fulfilled with the job that they do. Motivation is concerned with why people do things as well as what drives them to act in a particular way. Understanding what motivates an individual is important in a workplace. Motivated employees are happier at work. They get more satisfaction from their work, they are absent less frequently, and work with more enthusiasm. This encourages them to contribute more, hence increasing the productivity in the organization. Unmotivated workers will not be as contented with their position in the work environment as motivated workers. The job might not be as important for them which may lead to a poor performance, which will lead to less efficiency and hence to poor productivity.
Robbins and Judge define motivation by means of three elements. The first element is defined as being the process that account for an individual’s intensity which is concerned with how hard a person tries. The second element is direction that benefits the organization and the third element is persistence which is a measure of how long a person can maintain effort. Motivation is also driven by certain situations that vary between individuals and within individuals, at different times. (Robbins & Judge, 2007, p.186) These elements should not only be expected from employees but from managers as well.
Hindsight bias explains the human inclination to perceive an event’s outcome as the one obvious and inevitable outcome. It starts with an original prediction or forecast of the future that helps us prepare, plan, and set goals for ourselves. These predictions influence our decision making, sending the reminder to our brain that one behavior sparks a desired outcome. So whether we are aware of it or not, every thought, decision, and act we make is based around our preconceived hypotheses on how the world operates. Foresight is a useful survival skill that allows us to use our current knowledge or beliefs to help guide us through the trials and tribulations of life.
Motivation is key in the workplace. It is developed from the collaboration of both conscious and unconscious principles such as the strength of desire or need, motivating force or reward estimation of the objective, and desires of the person and of his or her peers/co-workers. These elements are the reasons one has for carrying on a specific way. An illustration is an understudy that invests additional energy contemplating for a test since he or she needs a superior review in the class. The Inside and outside principles that animate want and vitality in individuals to be constantly intrigued and centered around their work, part or subject, or to try to achieve an objective.
When it is discovered that a worker can fulfill the requirements of their job, but are experiencing shortcomings in doing so, many times it is believed that worker motivation may be the root of the problem (Laird 95). What, though, is work motivation? According to Laird (2006), “motivation is a fundamental component of performance “ and “is the reason that someone chooses to do some things and chooses not to do others”. In other words, work motivation is what energizes workers to the level of output required to fulfill a task, directs their energy towards the objectives that they need to accomplish, and sustains that level of effort over a period of time (Steers et al., 2004). In essence, worker motivation is what gets the job done.
In simplistic form, Expected Utility Theory (EUT) is a mathematical decision making process. Conventionally defined, it is a process where “a decision maker (DM) chooses between risky or uncertain prospects by comparing their expected utility values, i.e., the weighted sums obtained by adding the utility values of outcomes multiplied by their respective probabilities” (Mongin,2007, p.1). Simply put, a decision maker correlates the relative of risk or probability versus reward or potential outcome across multiple scenarios. The result, called the expected utility (U), is always represented as relative numerical score which can be used by managers use the resulting in a rational decision making process. Most often, scores are compared under the theory of maximization, with the highest relative U being the most correct decision (Lengwiler, 2008).
Why do we bother having expectations when life is so unexpected? There’s a common list of expectations when it comes to being a WAG: designer bags, fancy clothes, perfectly groomed blonde hair and model looks. Then chuck in some paparazzi shots, famous friends, glamorous events and you’ve reached a hybrid of Victoria Beckham, Lara Bingle and Jesinta Campbell. Although Lisa Johns has blonde hair and an elegant ageing face, she arrived in a basic floral shift dress. She has no air of celebrity about her
In daily life, we need motivation to improve our performance in our job or in studies. Motivation is an internal force, dependent on the needs that drive a person to achieve. In the other words, motivation is a consequence of expectations of the future while satisfaction is a consequence of past events (Carr, 2005). We need to give reward to our self when we did correctly or we has achieve our target. Reward is something that we are given because we have behaved well, worked hard, or provided a service to the community. Theories of motivation can be used to explain the behavior and attitude of employees (Rowley, 1996; Weaver, 1998). The theories include content theories, based on assumptions that people have individual needs, which motivate their action. Meanwhile according to Robbins (2001), motivation is a needs-satisfying process, which means that when a person's needs are satisfied by certain factors, the person will exert superior effort toward attaining organizational goals. Schulze and Steyn (2003) affirmed that in order to understand people’s behavior at work, managers or supervisors must be aware of the concept of needs or motives which will help “move” their employees to act.Theories such as Maslow (1954), McClelland (1961), Herzberg (1966) and Alderfer (1969) are renowned for their works in this field. The intrinsic reward or also be known as motivators factors is the part of Herzberg motivation theory. Motivators are involve factors built into the job or the studies itself such as achievement, recognition, responsibility and advancement. Hygiene factors are extrinsic to the job such as interpersonal relationship, salary, supervision and company policy (Herzberg, 1966. There have two factors that are called hygiene fac...
Did you not dream of being a princess who was rescued by her knight in shining armor? I did, I realize how ridiculous it was to just sit there and wait for someone who may never show up. If he did show up, I would know he was the one because there would be sparks when we touched, my heart would rate would pick up, my stomach would be doing flips like a gymnast, fireworks would explode throughout my body as we kissed, and our hands would fit perfectly together when we intertwined our fingers. I had all these expectations for my future boyfriend, and if none of that happened then he wasn’t the man for me. I got all these ideas from romance novels.
The next theory is expectancy theory of motivation: expectancy theory of motivation suggest that we think about our future. We create different expectations about what is going to happen next, and we always want a positive outcome. We believe that we have the ability to get the best. This motivate us to work hard in order to achieve the goal towards we work. This theory of motivation is the best tool for students because if we hope then only we can work. If we use expectancy theory to motivate our students then we can aspect that each student have their own goal and positive expectation to achieve good