In everyday life people are going through different phases in their decision making that will impact how they behave. This goes from thinking about doing something to actually going through with the change. This process that everyone goes through for different lifestyle choices is referred to as the Transtheoretical Model of Behaviour (TTM). This theory model can be transferrable to many different situations and not specific to one such as a persons exercise habits or dietary habits. However, from here on this paper will discuss the TTM in terms of a non-exerciser client of a personal trainer. Understanding the TTM is important for personal trainer to understand as they need to know how to encourage and push their clients through the 5 phases of the TTM.
The TTM has 5 phases that are dynamic, meaning a person can go up and down though the spiral of the model. The first stage is pre-contemplation followed by contemplation, preparation, action and finally maintenance. Pre-contemplation is the stage at which a person has no signs of intention of changing their exercise levels and don’t see their lack of exercise as a possible risk. When a person moves into the contemplation phase of the TTM they are beginning to see reasoning behind why they should change their exercise levels. This may be they physical are not capable of doing activities or feel self conscious about their physical appearance and how they are perceived by not only themselves but others in their life. This person will have intentions to change this behaviour generally in the first 6 months upon entering the phase, however as the TTM is dynamical they can also slip back to phase one of pre-contemplation. In this phase they may briefly look at what is involved in the...
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...lves at risk of them will move into the contemplation phase of the TTM, thus getting them closer to changing their behaviours.
It is important for the seed of exercise to be planted into a non-exercisers head for them to move through the phases of the TTM. If they don’t realise the potential the behaviour change can give them they won’t consider changing the behaviour. To move from the pre-contemplation phase to the contemplation phase all it takes is one thought from a person to come to the idea of a possible behaviour change. This is why it is important for not only personal trainers, but other bodies such as sporting clubs, gym, the government to encourage a healthier way of living. If this encouragement does not continue the negative behaviour of not exercising will increase thus increasing their risk factors and risk of developing chronic diseases over time.
During times of war, man is exposed to the most gruesome aspects of life such as death, starvation, and imprisonment. In some cases, the aftermath is even more disastrous, causing posttraumatic stress disorder, constant guilt, as well as physical and mental scarring, but these struggles are not the only things that humans can take away from the experience. War can bring out the appreciation of the little things in life, such as the safety people take for granted, the beauty of nature, and the kindness of others. These universal consequences of fighting all contribute to what war is really capable of doing, sometimes bringing out the best and worst in people, and constantly shaping society. In The Things They Carried, Tim O’Brien goes through this himself when he writes about setting up base camp in the Vietnamese pagoda, the return to site of Kiowa’s death, the story about the old poppa-san guide, and Mitchell Sanders’ “moment of peace”. When O’Brien includes these stories, it is not to insert joy into a tragedy, but rather to create a more wholesome and authentic feel into a tough, realistic war story. O’Brien’s’ “sweet” stories are there to show the hope he had during war, and also serve as a universal example that even in the darkest tunnels, it is always possible to find rays of light.
Martin Luther King, Jr. once said, “When the opportunity presents itself for you to defeat your enemy, that is the time which you must not do it,” embodying his philosophy of mutual “Christian love.” Up until the Civil Rights Movement, discrimination and racism had been a major problem in the United States. King’s An Experiment in Love was a declaration of principles, introducing his idea of agape, neighborly, “Christian” love, which he also described as “the love of God toward his creations.” Later, Jane Elliot, whose experiments were documented in A Class Divided, studied discrimination among young children, and Abbey Crain and Matt Ford described an incident of discrimination occurring at their school, the University of Alabama, in the article The Final Barrier: 50 Years Later, Discrimination Still Exists. Harper Lee’s book To Kill a Mockingbird is a love story as interpreted by An Experiment in Love because agape is portrayed in many forms throughout the course of its events.
A of his current state of health and lifestyle behaviours (Harris, Nutbeam, Wise, 2004). For example, the model explores 6 behavioural stages; pre-contemplation, contemplation, determination, action, maintenance and termination. These stages focus on the individual’s experience, behavioural changes and processes as opposed to an event which has determined a behaviour change. Evidently, the transtheoretical model determines that Mr. A is at the pre-contemplation stage (Prochaska & Velicer, 1997). Due to Mr. A experiencing this stage, he is not planning change to his current lifestyle choices. Although Mr. A is not planning changes in the foreseeable future, the transtheoretical model in conjunction with an education campaign can inform Mr. A about different behavioural stages that he may experience. However, understanding this behaviour change model of health cannot determine why Mr. A’s his current lifestyle and behaviour (Prochaska & Velicer, 1997). Fortunately, inclusion of maslow’s hierarchy of needs psychology theory (Donovan, Egger, Spark, 2005) used in conjunction with the transtheoretical model of health, can identify barriers that are stopping Mr A from actively using information from health education campaigns to change his behaviour (Harris, Nutbeam, Wise,
The need to exercise is more of a necessity today. People are enrolling into gyms, though they are unable to continue. Why? It’s because people want rapid results. They go after strength exercises (because biceps and abs are cool), but soon realize that they are unable to continue. What’s
I will first describe the importance of regular exercise and the downsides of sedentary lifestyle followed by a description of the TTM. Afterwards, I will concentrate on how successful this model was in modifying physical activity in the past. And lastly, I will evaluate the usefulness of TTM in relation to physical exercise and how it could be applied onto a large-scale sample.
Health behaviour is defined as ‘behaviour patterns, actions, and habits that relate to health maintenance to health restoration and to health improvement’ (Gochman, 1997). An individual’s behaviour towards their health is influenced by their social, cultural and physical environments. Behaviours are categorised as being health-enhancing or health-impairing. Engaging in health- enhancing behaviours, for instance, taking regular exercise and eating a balanced diet, can lead to increased health benefits and reductions in illness. Alternatively, health-impairing behaviours, such as excessive alcohol consumption, smoking and high dietary fat consumption, can have detrimental consequences on health and increase an individual’s susceptibility to disease.
I chose the transtheoretical model as my theory to help my behavior change. Transtheoretical theory was originally developed by Prochaska and DiClemente in 1984 to help explain smoking cessations. It has been modified over the years to show that behavior changes are ...
Carl’s barrier to overcome is not following set plans. the understanding of not establishing a specific workout routine, the less frequent trips to the recreation center, hi...
The Transtheoretical Model is used to understand how individuals change health behaviors. Use of this model aids in developing interventions, appropriate for each stage of the change process. The model includes a total of six stages of change, which are: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and termination (Glanz, Rimer, & Viswanath, 2015). During the precontemplation stage, individuals have no intentions of taking action to change their behaviors within the following six months. During the contemplation stage individuals have an intention to change their behavior within the next six months. Individuals of the preparation stage, intend to take action to change the health behavior within the next 30 days. Action
The behavior change I pursued included running 3 miles a day for three days of the week. In this analysis I explore how my perceptions fit within the Theory of Planned Behavior, overview specific methods of change, evaluate pitfalls, social support, and identify potential areas of improvement.
Behavior is an important keyword when discussing health promotion theories because lifestyle modification requires a change in beliefs and attitude. Many health promotion theories explain how behavior can enhance or deter a patients progress in health related activities. Nola Pender, a nursing theorist and educator, has developed the Health Promotion Model (HPM). The three main parts of the HPM ar...
Change comes in stages.” Which is exactly what I am going to need in order to start becoming more physically active again. I am currently at the “Preparation” stage where I plan to change within the next 30 days. Summer is one of the greatest time to work out because you have a little more free time than you do in the Fall and Spring time. I plan to start out in small steps and make a plan. One of the steps of the Transtheoretical model is to ‘spend time and money on changing the behavior’, which is the first step I am going to take. I am paying for a gym membership this summer, so I can slowly start working out again. Throughout the summer I will going through the stages of “action” and “maintenance.” Action will be taken place by me going consistently once every other night for 2 hours. The observable behavior would be using gym equipment and running on treadmills for the entire 120 minutes. One of the hardest thing for me to achieve would be “maintenance”, since my barriers might possibly get in the way. I will mostly likely take my close college friends who live near alongside for motivation. It is a step by step process, but if done willingly can be
...iate control that they are more at risk for addiction. Research still needs to clarify many facets of this affliction, so that the general public can access and be educated on the topic. If this is achieved, the incidence of exercise addiction should decrease, and eventually become just a shadow of its current state.
Throughout every person’s life, there will always be moments in time where change will take place. This could range from a variety of events such as changing schools, jobs, or even one’s own home. However, there are some habits that help one stay healthy if they remain consistent. This can consist of altering one’s diet to a healthier one or even enhancing the number hours of sleep one gets per night. A health change behavior goal that I have taken the time to evaluate and accept is necessary will be composed of a ten day exercise program in order to completely change my physical fitness habits. Selecting this health change behavior was the best choice due to the fact that after starting my educational career here at UCI, I had abandoned the active lifestyle that I once had before college. For the past two
Healthy living is a huge step in life, especially in this day and age. This whole course focuses on having healthy lifestyle, making the changes necessary to maintain one, and gives the learner step-by-step instructions of where to start. There are multiple reasons why someone should make a behavior change. Some could include health reasons, to support family members, or some decide to make the change because he or she wants to live healthy. Personally, my family affects a lot of the decisions in my life. Growing up, I was used to taking care of my older sister and I was used to changing my diet to fit what plan my mom had for the week. My behavior change was always dependent on them. During this course, I learned a lot of how the social cognitive