Biology Assignment 2
Measuring the Permeability of Cell Membrane in correlation to temperature.
Prediction:
The Prediction is that as the temperature rises as does the permeability of the cell membrane, as the permeability and the temperature increase so does the amount of pigment being released.
Introduction:
During the experiment I worked with Helen Grinter.
The Reasoning behind the experiment is to see what effects Temperature has on the permeability of Phospholipid bi-layer of Beetroot cells and the amount of pigment released from the vacuole.
The Phospholipid Bi-layer or cell membrane is made up of Phosphate (these are Hydrophilic) and lipids/Fatty Acids (these are Hydrophobic) and contains Proteins. It is this Phospholipid bi-Layer
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Analysis
The Overall experiment proved the prediction correct that the transference of kinetic energy to the water that the cell samples were placed in would cause the gaps in the Cell Membrane to expand (to sorts) allowing the pigment to escape from the vacuole of the cell .
The Results obtained from the experiment proved the original theory at the start of the experiment. The results table clearly shows pigment levels increasing with the rinsing temperature increments.
Although the experiment produced varying results amongst the pairs of test tubes in each of the water temperatures, the Mean calculations proves that the temperature rising will increase the amount of kinetic energy in the movement of the Phosphate and Lipids in the cell membrane as well as breaking the hydrogen bonds of the proteins in the cell membrane,
The Graph clearly shows a very distinct curve of best fit, with the curve arcing upwards. The Graph clearly shows there is a trend forming and the trend proves the original theory correct i.e. as temperature increases the higher the kinetic energy transfer to the phosphate and lipids of the cell membrane allowing more activity in its structure allowing bigger gaps to form which allows the pigment in the vacuole to
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These are as follows:
1. Using a Bunsen burner and a thermometer controlled bath instead of an electronic water bath.
2. Using three test tubes with samples in instead of two test tubes with samples in.
3. Increasing the temperature increments in 5oC instead of 10oC.
The variable in regards to using a Bunsen burner and thermometer bath enables a higher control over the temperature of the water as the temperature can be monitored and increased/decreased easily.
The Variable reference using a third set of samples would create a greater range of data to work with and would create a slightly more accurate mean calculation.
If the temperature had been increased in batches of 5oC it would have provided a greater range of results to work with, which would create a high level of data to work with when compiling the mean and plotting the graphs as evidence.
From the Results there is an anomaly which is with the test tubes at 58oC, the results spike from 0.100 to 0.536 and then back down to 0.302, this anomaly may have happened due to the three samples in the test tubes potentially having a higher level pigment in the vacuole than the other
Thermodynamics is essentially how heat energy transfers from one substance to another. In “Joe Science vs. the Water Heater,” the temperature of water in a water heater must be found without measuring the water directly from the water heater. This problem was translated to the lab by providing heated water, fish bowl thermometers, styrofoam cups, and all other instruments found in the lab. The thermometer only reaches 45 degrees celsius; therefore, thermodynamic equations need to be applied in order to find the original temperature of the hot water. We also had access to deionized water that was approximately room temperature.
The mean for the temperatures is 0.116 and the solvents is 20. We predicted the 37 Celsius would be the most absorbed, but it was the -20 Celsius which can be seen in the graph above.
As the temperature increases, the movements of molecules also increase. This is the kinetic theory. When the temperature is increased the particles gain more energy and therefore move around faster. This gives the particles more of a chance with other particles and with more force.
Lab 4: Energy Conservation: Hot Stuff!! The purpose of this experiment is to try to find the original temperature of the hot water in the heater using the 60 degrees C thermometer. Use your 60°C thermometer, and any materials available in your laboratory, to determine the temperature of the water in the coffee pot. During this experiment we calculated the original temperature of a heater after it had been cooled down, and we did this by measuring hot, cold, and warm water, with a thermometer that had tape covering 60 degrees and up.
The procedure of the lab on day one was to get a ring stand and clamp, then put the substance in the test tube. Then put the test tube in the clamp and then get a Bunsen burner. After that put the Bunsen burner underneath the test tube to heat it. The procedure of the lab for day two was almost exactly the same, except the substances that were used were different. The
The hypothesis for this experiment was that the cell fraction in the cuvette marked P2 will have more chloroplast activity because it will exhibit greater color change and differences in the absorbance readings compared to the other cuvettes when exposed under the condition of light; moreover, this notion was believed to be so because the more a cell fraction is centrifuged, the more intact chloroplasts we’ll find (Leicht and McAllister,
The lab experiment did prove that Crayola colors are not of pure substances but rather a mixture of specific color compounds needed to produce said colors. The experiment also proved that different color pigments have different densities (the lighter ones moved up the filter paper with the water, while the heavier ones adhered to the filter paper longer.)
1. In response to light, phytochrome undergoes a change in shape that leads to the activation of
on how long it takes to heat up. If we heat a large volume of water it
We were not given any instructions either to shake or not to shake the test tubes with the coloured solutions before inserting them in the spectrophotometer to read the absorbance. By shaking each test tube a certain number of times before putting it in the spectrophotometer could have improved the accuracy of the of absorbance of the solutions.
Photosynthesis is a widely studied topic among the world of science due to its importance for life and its many uses. Photosynthetic pigments reflect and absorb different wavelengths of visible light based off their polarity. In this experiment, we studied photosynthetic pigments, first, by determining polarity and then, by measuring the amount of light of a given wavelength that a pigment absorbs. We used two methods in this experiment, chromatography and spectrophotometry. For the first portion of our experiment we determined the distance each pigment migrated, their R_f values, and their polarity. Our predications based off polarity, lead to our hypothesis
A possible random error within the experiment may have caused scatter within the results is parallax error. This error may have occurred every time a measurement was taken from a measuring cylinder. This could have caused the time for the cross to disappear to be higher or lower than anticipated. If more thiosulfate were added, the reaction would have a lower average time and therefore a higher reaction time. The results showed that some data points had a higher reaction time than anticipated, meaning that this is a possible source of error within the experiment. ...
Aim: To determine the effect of temperature change on the height of water in capillary action at 8 seconds.
tube. Add 6 mL of 0.1M HCl to the first test tube, then 0.1M KMnO4 and
When heating in the laboratory seek help of the instructor to operate the Bunsen burner, hot plate.