Essay On Social Attitude

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4.3.4 Social attitude Here the degrees of social distance resulting in relative formality or informality are discussed. House uses the styles suggested by Joos (1961), which fall into five different categories: frozen, formal, consultative, casual and intimate. The description of each of the categories is as follows: Consultative: the most neutral style, the norm for conversations and letters between strangers, marked through the absence of both formal and informal styles. Casual: marked by various degrees of implicitness, used with friends or people of all kind with whom the addressor has something to share; ellipses, contractions and the use of lexical items marked as – formal. Intimate: used between people who are very close to each other with a maximum of shared background information, an extreme type of ellipsis. Formal: addressee participation is omitted, well structured, and logically sequenced. Frozen: the most formal style, the social distance between writer and reader is very far. The social attitude of the novel: Informal style level (casual): conversational, the type of talk commonly occurring between friends. Syntactic means: Presence of elliptical structures: Mine? , here? , can't do that, where to? , my people? , yours ok? , name? Lexical means: Use of lexical items marked as informal through their use in settings marked by a lack of social distance; use of colloquial lexical items and idioms. Carry off, for the whole hog, bastard, shit, a bloke, trip him up, gammy. 4.4 Statement of function According to the model in this section a statement of the function of the source language text on different levels (for the purposes of the current thesis only on the level of tenor) should be provide. Here, whit the help of the... ... middle of paper ... ...چؾن اُیت هؾکی اعت، اها آى اُ ت یْؼ گًا وًی ک ذٌٌ Example 3: "'He'll find out, he'll see for himself" Translated as: " "خ دْػ هت جْ هی ؽ دْ خ دْػ هی ف وِذ Although the source sentences are informal the target sentences are completely formal. 4.6. Summary of the Results To conclude the results of this project, we cannot help mentioning the following outcomes and results: 1- The previous analysis shows that neither of the translations was a complete and ideal translation and each of the translations fail in some dimensions. 2- Both translations were successful on the first dimension- temporal, social and geographical provenance. 3- Both translations were partly successful and sometimes unsuccessful on the dimensions of social role relationships and social attitude. 4- Only the translation by Mahdi Ghabraee could keep and convey the author's personal stance successfully.

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