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Conclusion on mirror neurons
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2.1 Mimicry 2.1.1 Overview of mimicry Numbers of studies have shown that people mimic others behaviour. Mimicry is a terms use when people imitate others doing (Stel & Vonk, 2010). Imitate here means that follow, copy, or repeat what others do. Other terms usually use to represent mimicry are synchrony, mirroring (Parrill & Kimbara, 2006), behaviour matching and interactional synchrony (Lakin, Jefferis, Cheng, & Chartrand, 2003). Mimicry can be in verbal and non-verbal form. For verbal, it includes accent, speech, and gesture (Parrill & Kimbara, 2006). For non-verbal, it includes posture (Ramseyer & Tschacher, 2008), yawning (Yoon & Tennie, 2010), eating behaviour (Hermans et al., 2012) and drinking behaviour (Koordeman, Kuntsche, Anschutz, Baaren, & Engels, 2011). Mimicry can happened in sequence manners which one person mimic other person at the same time or mimicry also can happened in simultaneous manners which one person repeated action’s of other person (Stel & Vonk, 2010). Occurrence of mimicry happened naturally which means one person does not has intention to copy others actions. This due to research by cognitive researcher which suggested, human can mimic each other because of tight neural link in perception and action. Perceiving action of others activate same motor system of action in human brain, result in mimic others action. Motor system of action is a part of mirror neurons which function on action understanding and imitation (Knoblich & Sebanz, 2006). Human can mimic action of other’s since at the infant age; one-month after birthed. During this age, infants able to smile, stick their tongue and open their mouth when they see someone doing it. During nine (9) months old, they able to mimic emotional a... ... middle of paper ... ...ams-Huet, Beverley, James, Ashlei, & Rhea, Debbie. (2014). Slower Eating Speed Lowers Energy Intake in Normal-Weight but not Overweight/Obese Subjects. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 1 March 2014. Stel, Marie¨lle, & Vonk, Roos. (2010). Mimicry in social interaction: Benefits for mimickers, mimickees, and their interaction. British Journal of Psycholog, 311-323. Stuart, Richard B. (1967). Behavioral Control Of Overeating. Behavioral Research and Therapy, 5, 357-365. Yoon, Jennifer M.D., & Tennie, Claudio. (2010). Contagious yawning: a reflection of empathy, mimicry, or contagion? Animal Behaviour. Zandian, Modjtaba, Ioakimidis, Ioannis, Bergström, Jakob, Brodin, Ulf, Bergh, Cecilia, Leon, Michael, . . . Södersten, Per. (2012). Children eat their school lunch too quickly: an exploratory study of the effect on food intake BMC Public Health.
Bandura, A., Ross, D., & Ross, S.A. (1961). Transmission of aggression through imitation of aggressive models. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 63, 575-582.
According to NPR it says that if kids get 20 minutes, they eat 35% less than kids with 25 minutes to eat. “Dedicating to little time for lunch leads to rapid eating which is not good for your health as doctor Patrick Serog told Le Figaro the French newspaper “when we eat quickly we don’t have time to feel satisfied.”
Nonverbal theory is broad with many avenues to explore. Kinesics focuses it to be more specifically about body movement and gestures, and is often referred as body language. This paper is exploring how these nonverbal have changed from generation to generations and the implications that creates in the world today. Kinesics play a major role in how we perceive information and allows others to gather information about us. The studies discussed in this paper highlight that while kinesics is not always at the top of our mind, it is always influencing us and our decisions. The research ends with how what has been observed is being applied to the world today and personal examples of the author.
Mirror neurons have been one of the most exciting neurological discoveries in recent years. Some researchers have even gone as far as comparing the discovery of mirror neurons to DNA. Mirror neurons may be analogous to other human sensory systems and some believe that mirror neurons represent their own unique sensory system. Mirror neurons fire when a person or animal performs certain activities as well as when they watch another perform the same activity (Winerman, 2005). Basically, they allow animals and humans to imitate and possibly even learn from others. While the original studies were conducted in monkeys, recent research has extended the theory to humans and other abilities outside of basic motor movements. In this paper, research on mirror neurons in humans, language, and autism will be summarized. In addition, the limitations on this work will be discussed.
As a child, my brother knew what I wanted before I could even speak because of my body language. He told my parents whether I was hungry, needed a diaper change, or was just tired. Body language was one of my first learned literacies. Even before I began to learn how to vocalize my thoughts and feelings, I learned to internalize what others were saying. I was able to understand what others wanted and later learned to form words I wanted to say.
The social learning theory “states that behavior is learned from the environment through observational learning” (McLeod, 2011). For instance, I saw my mom getting ready for church and eventually I noticed that she put her hair in a ponytail only on Sundays. Furthermore, after seeing her do this so many times I began doing the same thing on Sundays. As a child, I observed her every move and I wanted to imitate her behavior. Through observational learning, I learned what was socially acceptable by watching my mother’s
“When we think of nonverbals we think of how we judge others, how they judge us, and what the outcomes are… we are also influenced by our nonverbals, our thoughts, and our feelings, and our physiology” (paragraph 6). Amy Cuddy is a respected women, known for her compassion and care to inspire other to better their lives. In the beginning of her speech Your body language shapes who you are published in 2012 on Tedglobal, she offers her “life hack” to the audience, assuring them if they improve their non verbals and body language it will improve their life in many ways. Cuddy begins building her trustworthiness and credibility with the audience by quoting respectable sources, giving convincing facts and statistics, and successfully employing
Williamson, D. A., Han, H., Johnson, W. D., Martin, C. K., & Newton, R. L. (2013). Modification of the school cafeteria environment can impact childhood nutrition. Results from the Wise Mind and LA Health studies. Appetite, 61, 77–84. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2012.11.002
C. Describe how you can mimic or avoid three aspects of this nonverbal behavior in the workplace and why you would do
Laughter is an essential human phenomenon. Smiling in response to pleasant physical conditions occurs in early development, usually in the first month of life. As a motor reflex, laughter is usually present by the time a child is 4 months old. By the age of eighteen months, a child smiles once every six minutes, and by four years of age, the rate increases to one smile every one and one-third minutes. The ratio of laughs to smiles increases from one laugh to every ten smiles as eighteen months to one every three smile at four years. The individual differences in the rate of both laughing and smiling become greater as the children grow older. (Stearns, 1972) The instinctual development of smiling and laughing occurs very early in life, suggesting a high level of importance.
Emotional contagion theory is a little similar to interaction adaptation theory. According to Beebe, Beebe, and Redmond (2005), emotional contagion theory “suggests that people tend to ‘catch’ the emotions of others” (p. 213). This means that if a person is comm...
The communication act between humans has and will continue to upgrade and evolve through time. In the past, individuals communicated with each other by grunting, roaring, or barking. However, through constant development, elaborate sets of both verbal and non-verbal communication have come up to express feelings as well as convey messages adequately.
Social learning theory is described by Spector when “people learn from each other by such processes as observation, imitation and modeling” (2016, p.80). This theory is grounded in behaviorism; having someone observe a process that is being demonstrated as well as cognitivism; then having the ability to reproduce the actions that were observed (Spector, 2016).
People can't help copying what they see because it's something close to an instinct. Have you made a weird face at a baby and watched as the baby attempted to match your face? Babies do this because they are trying to learn. Since they have no good understanding of speech yet, it's the only
During school, we were always invited to social gatherings together, not individually. When we did not want anybody to understand what we were saying, we used sophisticated nonverbal communication such as kinesics to exchange information. As a result, with facial expressions such as a twist of our lips, eye stares and distinctive postural movements, we were able to read each other's minds. In many situations, we caught ourselves saying the same thing at the same time. It was as though we were on the same wavelength and did not always need to verbalize something in order to understand one another. One time we decided to go to a party together and laughed when we discovered we were planning to wear almost identical clothing without consulting with each other in advance! The two of us were like one