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Reflection of adolescent development
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For my self-assessment, I chose to discuss the Middle Childhood, Adolescence, and Young Adulthood life stages. The theories of human behavior that will be discussed are Erikson’s Psychosocial theory, Kohlberg’s theory of moral reasoning, and Albert Bandura’s social learning theory. I chose these life stages because they are the stages where I have experienced many events that have shaped me into the person I am today. There are a number of factors that have played a role in my development over a period of time and I will discuss them throughout my paper. To begin with, I will discuss how biological factors influenced my developmental growth during Middle Childhood. During this time, eczema was taking a toll on my development. According to Zastrow …show more content…
and Kirst-Ashman (2013), a child is supposed to get stronger and their balance should be improving over time. As a child, the pain from eczema was so excruciating because my skin burned and I had major discomfort due to itching. I wasn’t able to exercise for long periods of time because my body would overheat. If I started sweating or had a high temperature my skin would burn, which would cause my eczema to flare up. In turn, I could not participate in many physical activities that would cause perspiration. As a result, I gained weight and I didn’t have the strength or stamina to participate in activities like running, jumping, or walking. However, Zastrow and Kirst-Ashman (2013) state that children’s bodies should change slowly during middle childhood. While I wasn’t strong and didn’t have exceptional balance I was getting taller each year and I lost a little weight. I wasn’t being bullied as much when my body changed and I was really grateful for it. Next, psychologically I was developing very well. During this life stage, a child is supposed to “become more independent” and like being able to do things by themselves (“Middle Childhood”, 2015). At age nine, I was actually forced to become more independent. My mother had just given birth to one of my siblings, so I had to learn how to do things by myself. I had to pick out clothes to wear to school, do my hair, and walk to school alone. Furthermore, I actually enjoyed being able to do things by myself and I developed my own identity by doing so. In addition, preadolescent children should be able to “accomplish increasingly difficult intellectual and academic tasks” (Zastrow & Kirst-Ashman, 2013). At this time, I was excelling intellectually and academically in every activity at school except mathematics. Developmentally speaking, I failed at completing this academic task and I felt like a complete failure. My grades were terrible, so my parents had to intervene and hire a math tutor. After receiving tutoring, I was able to excel and my grades had gotten better in math. As a result, I felt better about being able to do well in school and I gained more confidence. Moreover, when children are socially developing they should be creating closer relationships with their peers (Zastrow & Kirst-Ashman, 2013). However, I had one friend and was not socially accepted by others. I didn’t receive the chance to interact with children my age and I became an introvert. I felt lonely and believed that no one would ever want to become friends with me. In turn, I became shy and I was frightened when I had to interact with new people. Furthermore, “a child’s attention should be shifting away from their family to their peers” (Zastrow & Kirst-Ashman, 2013). However, my attention shifted to my family because I was bullied. This hindered me socially because I didn’t know how to talk to or play with children outside of my home. Next, I believe that it would be relevant to discuss how Albert Bandura’s social learning theory impacted my behavior.
The social learning theory “states that behavior is learned from the environment through observational learning” (McLeod, 2011). For instance, I saw my mom getting ready for church and eventually I noticed that she put her hair in a ponytail only on Sundays. Furthermore, after seeing her do this so many times I began doing the same thing on Sundays. As a child, I observed her every move and I wanted to imitate her behavior. Through observational learning, I learned what was socially acceptable by watching my mother’s …show more content…
actions. Furthermore, it is important to discuss different factors and how they impacted my life.
First, I remember my first experience with oppression. One day my mom and I went to Barnes & Noble so that I could get a book that I had been asking her to buy. While I was looking for the book, I noticed that one of the employees was following me, so I told my mom about it. When my mom confronted the employee she said that she wanted to make sure that I wasn’t stealing anything. Consequently, I started worrying that people wouldn’t treat me fairly because of the color of my skin. Second, as a child, I was marginalized every day. One example was when my 5th grade teacher took us outside to have a foot race and she picked two captains to pick the people they wanted on their team. I was overweight and I couldn’t run fast so my classmates never picked me. I was excluded because I wasn’t small in size and I cried each day and would only eat one meal and drink water to lose weight. Third, I was alienated because I was bullied in the 6th grade. Kids would tease me because of the way my skin looked due to eczema and wouldn’t sit with me during lunch time. Kids would look at me in disgust if I tried to talk to them. I dreaded going to school just to be teased and feel lonely each day. Fourth, I had one experience where I had a position of power. My teacher had to leave the classroom to discuss something with a parent and she put me in charge. She told me to write down the name of any student
who misbehaved while she was gone. All of the students who mistreated me were forced to be nice to me or risk getting in trouble. This was the first time that I was respected by my peers even if it was only for a moment. Fifth, I realized that I had privileges when I went to a family member’s home. At my aunt’s home she had a two-bedroom home and she didn’t have any furniture. She had six grandchildren who had to sleep on a mattress and had one television. I was shocked because I had a three-bedroom home that was fully furnished with several televisions. I thought that everyone’s home was like mine and I was surprised that my aunt lived differently. I asked my mom why my aunt had a different lifestyle and she said some people work really hard but, can only afford to pay their rent and utilities. I realized that I was really blessed and I wouldn’t ever take my privileges for granted. I learned that it was simply a blessing to sleep in a bed each night and I would cherish the simple things in life. During Middle Childhood, I’ve encountered people who were cruel and I was bullied because I was different from others. Although, I didn’t like being bullied I’m happy it happened because I wouldn’t have known how it felt to be respected and I wouldn’t have started standing up for myself. I perceived the world in a whole new way. I made sure my peers started to respect me and they stopped mistreating me. I learned that if I stood up to cruel individuals I would have a better school experience and I wished that I had done it earlier.
The purpose of this paper is to find evidence of Kohlberg 's and Piagets moral stages for adolecents. We are going to ask a teenager a series of different questions in an interview in order to find out where exactly they fit in Kohlberg’s and Piaget’s moral stages and if the fall in the one designated for teenagers, Postconventional and Autonomous morality respectivly. According to these theorist, adolescents are starting to form their own ideas of what is right and wrong and using their ideals to see what they would do in certain situations.
I had experienced in my middle school about the institutional racism. When I attended middle school, I thought people in school would be nice to each other’s. But I was wrong, people in school are so racist and the school has not even tried to stop it. In middle school, there are only two races and those are Asian and Hispanic. Since I was new to the United States at that time, Hispanic people were mocking me whenever I spoke English all the time. And I didn’t think the teachers care about that. It was just like their job is to teach and anything beyond that were not their responsibilities. Sometimes, I just wanted to ditch school and went somewhere else to have fun rather than listen to those bullies. I thought in America, all people are polite and nice to everyone, but the truth is not what I expected, racism still exists even in America. I get bullied a lot by Hispanic students because I’m an Asian and I’m different than them. Some Hispanics students called me by “ Chinito”. I knew that word was mean offensive to Asians. But I was scared...
Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development demonstrates the theory of what people do and why people do it. Lawrence Kohlberg wrote six theories of moral development, which consist of three levels and two stages in each level. The levels are Pre-Conventional, Conventional, and Postconventional. In the Pre-Conventional level, two stages are
As I reflect back on my childhood years, and utilizing a Critical Race Study lens, I can see both positive and negative aspects of my early onset experiences. In this paper, I will focus on both the negative and positive aspects of Internalized oppression/racism, as well as, identifying experiences in my life in which I was considered ‘privileged’ and how my different intersectionalities shaped and molded my views in my current helping profession role.
Oppression signifies an authority of a dominant group over a monitory group, disengaging the minority group from society. “ The term oppression encapsulates the fusion of institutional and systemic discrimination, personal bias, bigotry and social prejudice in a complex web of relationships and structures that shade most aspects of life in our society” (Bell, 2007). In one way or another every individuals experience some form of oppression, whether it be through, sex, gender, religion, age, economic status and/or sexual orientation. In some instances, an “individual may experience multiple oppression and they can be experienced simultaneously or singularly depending on the context” ( Vernon). For, an example as an African American who also
Though, out of all available theories and research, Erikson is most popular for his work is on identifying the eight different psychosocial stages that occur in one’s life, focusing on the personal development of one’s identity (MacLeod, 2008). He believed that the way in which an individual faces challenges in life determines whether he would progress onto the next stage or remain (Erikson, 2013). His theory considers the influence of external factors, the environment, parents and society as a whole. It begins with the first stage: Trust versus Mistrust, which occurs during infancy and continues on through several stages until concluding with the eighth. Next comes the second stage: Anatomy versus Shame and Doubt (toddlerhood), then the third stage: Initiative versus Guilt (preschool years), the fourth stage: Industry versus Inferiority (early school years), the fifth stage: Identity versus Role Confusion (adolescence), the sixth stage: Intimacy versus Isolation (young adulthood), the seventh stage: Generitivity versus Stagnation (middle adulthood), before the final stage: Ego Integrity versus Despair (adulthood) (McLeod, 2008). According to Erikson’s theory, successful completion of each stage results in a healthier personality and the attainment of certain basic strengths that one might use to resolve future problems.
The definition of the social learning theory is People learn through observing others’ behavior, attitudes, and outcomes of those behaviors. “Most human behavior is learned observationally through modeling: from observing others, one forms an idea of how new behaviors are performed, and on later occasions this coded information serves as a guide for action.” (Learning Theories Knowledgebase ). Most people learn through watching other. As a child, we learn by mocking what we have observed repeatedly. This is how we learn to walk, talk, speak, and to feed ourselves. We also learn social skills from the people around us. We learn right from wrong, we learn what is acceptable in our everyday lives. We also learn societal norms. Most children learn social norms from the family structure. If the family structure is broken or not complete it may cause problems for the children. If the family has only one parent then the family unit suffers. If the child is part of a family that has deviant problems then the child learns that these problems are the norm. This could lead to the child to think that drinking or drugs are normal. It is also a factor if the child observes crime in the family unit. The child learns that crime is normal until they run up against society who states otherwise.
Children in middle childhood are growing psychosocially at a quick rate. During middle childhood they become industrious, develop a self-concept, and learn how to be friends, amongst other things.
Kohlberg’s theory of the stages of moral development has gained some popularity despite being controversial. The claim that the levels form a “ladder,” the bottom being the immature child with a pre-conventional level and the top being a post conventional ethical individual. The sequence is unvarying and the subject must begin at the bottom with aspirations to reach the top, possibly doing so. (7) Research confirms that individuals from different cultures actually progress according to Kohlbergs theory, at least to the conventional level. Kohlberg’s stages of moral development continue to provide a foundation for psychology studies of moral reasoning. (6)
Oppression happens all around us, It is in our neighborhoods our cities and the whole wide world. Oppression is the “systematic, institutionalized and socially condoned mistreatment of a group of people in society by another group, or by people acting on behalf of the society as a whole”. Everyone has some sort of tie in oppression,either from experience or seeing it. Oppression has always existed but it has grown even more widely due to our newly found president. In my life i've experienced multiple ways of being oppressed being a big brown man. In my essay I will be sharing my story of being oppressed by the systematic way people see me as a criminal just because the way I look and dress. I've had many challenges growing up and to this
According to social learning theory, behavior changes does not rely on a given reinforcement pattern. Social learning uses social argument and element to help some individuals to learn through observation. The state of mind plays a major role in this theory and the fact that one learns something from the experiences does not confirm a behavior change in someone’s life. In this theory, the imitated is the model while the imitation process is modeling.
Kohlberg, L. (1984). The psychology of moral development: the nature and validity of moral stages. San Francisco: Harper & Row.
Social learning theory is described by Spector when “people learn from each other by such processes as observation, imitation and modeling” (2016, p.80). This theory is grounded in behaviorism; having someone observe a process that is being demonstrated as well as cognitivism; then having the ability to reproduce the actions that were observed (Spector, 2016).
This theory is focuses on how human learn and imitate new information and behaviors by observing other people. The social learning theory is also known as observational learning which can be used to explain various type of behaviors including on how human reacts to their social and environment that can affect physical health in a person. Physical health can be directly effected by the environment in which human live. According to Bandura’s famous Bobo Doll Experiment, children can learn and imitate behaviors that they observe in other people. There are three basic models of observational learning. First is a live model that involves on an actual individual acting out a behavior. Next model is the verbal instructional model that involves description
As children grow towards adolescence they go through many stages of development. Child development refers to the stages of physical, cognitive, emotional, social, and language growth that occurs from the birth to beginning of adulthood. All aspects of a child's development may be affected by many different factors, including a poor learning environment, lack of social interaction, cultural background differences, abuse, and loss of a parent. All of the before mentioned examples can affect the child's maturation, "a biological growth process that enables orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience" (Myers 172). Children grow and mature at very different rates, some faster than others, which is why it is necessary to understand the importance of the different types of child development. Though all parts of child development are important, it is probably language learning that is most important to a child's development as a whole.