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Microscopic identification of bacteria
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Bacterial Lab Report- Elevator
Bacteria is a living organism found almost everywhere. There are three different shapes of bacteria; Bacillus, Coccus, and Spirillum. They are so tiny, and it makes it difficult for scientists to identify them. Scientists have to use special equipment to be able to see how bacteria looks and where can they be found. There are more than 50 thousand species of bacteria but only less than 8,000 of them have been found. Bacteria divides by binary fission, which means that the bacteria within its structures are doubled and then they are divided in half. Bacteria does not have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles. They do have DNA, but it does not look the same as in Eukaryotes. They also have a cell wall and they
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We had to think of a place where bacteria can mostly be found so we picked the elevator because we thought that they would not clean it daily. The other groups picked a restroom handle, a vending machine, a computer lab and the building entrance door,
Second, we had to get a swab and wet it with a little amount of water and cover it. Then, we head over to the elevator and we started to rub the swab against all the buttons of the elevator and cover the swab with its wrapper. We gathered the bacteria and we went back to class.
Third, we grabbed a petri dish and the agar plate, and we started to rub the swab against the agar plate in different directions. We rubbed it diagonal starting from the bottom and then going upwards, horizontal, diagonal starting from the top and going downwards, and then horizontal again. We basically rubbed the swab all around the agar plate turning the swab around every time we change direction.
Fourth, we taped all around the agar plate to prevent bacteria from the air going into the agar plate. We wrote down our names to be able to distinguish the agar plate from the others. And then we placed the agar plate in the incubator for a
The purpose of this experiment is to determine the absolute configuration of an unknown chiral secondary alcohol using the competing enantioselective conversion (CEC) method. This method uses both R- and S- enantiomers of a chiral acyl-transfer catalyst called homobenzotetramisole (HBTM), in separate parallel reactions, and thin layer chromatography to identify the stereochemistry of the secondary alcohol, whether it be an R- or S- enantiomer. Quantitative analysis was performed using a program called ImageJ after the appropriate picture was taken of the stained TLC plate. The molecular structure of the unknown alcohol was identified using 1H NMR spectroscopy by matching the hydrogens to the corresponding peak.
Phenotypic methods of classifying microorganisms describe the diversity of bacterial species by naming and grouping organisms based on similarities. The differences between Bacteria, Archaea and Eukaryotes are basic. Bacteria can function and reproduce as single cells but often combine into multicellular colonies. Bacteria are also surrounded by a cell wall. Archaea differ from bacteria in their genetics and biochemistry. Their cell membranes are made with different material than bacteria. Just like bacteria, archaea are also single cell and are surrounded by a cell wall. Eukaryotes, unlike bacteria and archaea, contain a nucleus. And like bacteria and archaea, eukaryotes have a cell wall. The Gram stain is a system used to characterize bacteria based on the structural characteristics of their cell walls. A Gram-positive cell will stain purple if cell walls are thick and a Gram-negative cell wall appears pink. Most bacteria can be classified as belonging to one of four groups (Gram-positive cocci, Gram-positive bacilli, Gram-negative cocci, and Gram-negative bacilli) (Phenotypic analysis. (n.d.).
What do bacteria need to grow? For bacteria to grow the most typical thing that they like ate a warm and moist environment, but that is not all that they like. Bacteria also like and environment with a PH that is normal or close to a human PH and bacteria also like an oxygen rich environment. The places that could be common to find bacteria in a building are a keyboard, a water fountain, and restrooms. A keyboard is a common place for bacteria because it is being touched constantly with hands when people type and hands are warm, so bacteria like them. The water fountain is another place that is common for bacteria to grow because people's warm hands are touching it and also it has water, which causes it to be moist. The last place that bacteria will we commonly found in buildings are restrooms. The bacteria like restrooms because many people are in then and also there is a lot of water in them.
Bacillus globigii. (n.d.) WordNet 3.0, Farlex clipart collection. (2003-2008). Retrieved March 20 2014 from http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Bacillus+globigii
Bacteria play a large role in our health, the environment, and most aspects of life. They can be used in beneficial ways, such as decomposing wastes, enhancing fertilizer for crops, and breaking down of substances that our bodies cannot. However, many bacteria can also be very harmful by causing disease. Understanding how to identify bacteria has numerous applications and is incredibly important for anyone planning to enter the medical field or begin a career in research. Having the background knowledge of identifying an unknown bacteria may one day aid healthcare professionals diagnose their patient with a particular bacterial infection or help researchers determine various clinical, agricultural, and numerous other uses for bacteria.
-One day Jimmy was in a hurry to go his class were his short story about satiation and how he has a phobia towards germs. Sadly he woke up 8 minutes before his class started, so he just got on his car and began the
factors held constant – the door knob that was swabbed, time amount, petri dish, lighting, temperature
We separated into groups of two each, making sure that we had the following materials for the lab: graduated cylinder, plastic sandwich bag, starch solution, twist tie, 500-mL beaker, iodine solution, and a pair of goggles and an apron (for the person handling the iodine solution).
6. Label the quadrants on the media containing half of the petri dish and apply a single antibiotic disc in each of the three test areas and a blank in the fourth. Each of the Kirby-Bauer plates should have one disc of each antibiotic on it. 7. Seal the plates and place them in the designated area for the GTA to collect and incubate at 28 C for 24 hours.
The objective of my experiment was to observe how people reacted to a violation in the social norms of elevator etiquette. Generally in elevators, people fill in starting from the back, face the elevator doors, and rarely make verbal contact with others. Unless the passengers of the elevator know each other, conversation is sparse and often limited to small-talk. As a result of this, my goal in the experiment was to introduce a foreign behavior to the elevator, something that nobody would expect while going about their day. Thus, I entered a situation where a certain set of expectations was in place, such as the informal rule that individuals should stand (rather than sit) in an elevator, and violated those unspoken rules without acting in
9. Obtain a second sample with a sterile applicator stick and smear over an unpunctured section of the fruit.
Create wells: put a comb template in the middle of the tray; wait until the mixture becomes solid. After, remove the comb standing straight. 4. Remove rubber ends: transfer the gel tray into the horizontal electrophoresis and fill it with the concentrated electrophoresis buffer. 5. Materials and methods: Experiment: 1st, prepared milk samples should be already done by the teacher.
Bacterial reproduction occurs asexually whereas most bacteria reproduce by binary fission where a single DNA molecule replicates and both copies attach to the cell membrane where the membrane begins to grow between the two molecules once the bacterium doubles in sides the cell begins to pinch inwards where a cell wall forms between the two molecules dividing the orginal cell into two indentical daughter cells. Since the two daughters cells are identical they are susceptibleto the same type of antibiotics to prevent this from happening the daughter cells incorporate genetic variation a process called recombination which can be accomplish through conjugation, transformation or transduction. They can exchange genes between another bacterium or taking up different DNA most commonly dead bacterial cells from their environment or by be contained by bacteriophages.
Bacterial cells, like plant cells, are surrounded by a cell wall. However, bacterial cell walls are made up of polysaccharide chains linked to amino acids, while plant cell walls are made up of cellulose, which contains no amino acids. Many bacteria secrete a slimy capsule around the outside of the cell wall. The capsule provides additional protection for the cell. Many of the bacteria that cause diseases in animals are surrounded by a capsule. The capsule prevents the white blood cells and antibodies from destroying the invading bacterium. Inside the capsule and the cell wall is the cell membrane. In aerobic bacteria, the reactions of cellular respiration take place on fingerlike infoldings of the cell membrane. Ribosomes are scattered throughout the cytoplasm, and the DNA is generally found in the center of the cell. Many bacilli and spirilla have flagella, which are used for locomotion in water. A few types of bacteria that lack flagella move by gliding on a surface. However, the mechanism of this gliding motion is unknown. Most bacteria are aerobic, they require free oxygen to carry on cellular respiration. Some bacteria, called facultatibe anaerobes can live in either the presence or absence of free oxygen. They obtain energy either by aerobic respiration when oxygen is present or by fermentation when oxygen is absent. Still other bacteria cannot live in the presence of oxygen. These are called obligate anaerobes. Such bacteria obtain energy only fermentation. Through fermentation, different groups of bacteria produce a wide variety of organic compounds. Besides ethyl alcohol and lactic acid, bacterial fermentation can produce acetic acid, acetone, butyl alcohol, glycol, butyric acid, propionic acid, and methane, the main component of natural gas. Most bacteria are heterotrophic bacteria are either saprophytes or parasites. Saprophytes feed on the remains of dead plants and animals, and ordinarily do not cause disease. They release digestive enzymes onto the organic matter. The enzymes breakdown the large food molecules into smaller molecules, which are absorbed by the bacterial cells. Parasites live on or in living organisms, and may cause disease. A few types of bacteria are Autotrophic, they can synthesize the organic nutrients they require from inorganic substances. Autotrophic bacteria are either photosynthetic or Chemosynthetic. The photosynthetic bacteria contain chlorophyll that are different from the plant chlorophyll. In bacterial photosynthesis, hydrogen is obtained by the splitting of compounds other than water.
Pipettors, tips, 4 plates of E. coli, filter papers, 20 small test tubes, dH2O, Lysol, soap, hand sanitizer, dish soap, ruler, vortex 1. First, add 1mL of one disinfectant to 5 test tubes. Repeat for each disinfectant, and making sure that only 1 type of disinfectant of is in each set of 5 tubes. 2. Label each tube, 1:10,