Sample Questions for a Biology Exam or Essay Topics: Viruses and Bacteria

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• BIO-112-IT1-S-14 Topic 7 Module 2 Exam - topics for essay and sho...
Viruses.
1. Why are viruses not living organisms? Pg325
Viruses are not considered living organisms because they have a single viral structural. This means viruses are not cells because they have no nucleus, organelle, or cytoplasm, and no genetic material. Having none of these characteristics viruses cannot be considered a living cell because they do not metabolize, respond to stimuli or reproduce on their own. They have to infect a living cell by entering a l host to reproduce more of its self.

2. Label the parts of a typical virus. Know the function of each part.
Pg 324???

3. Give examples of disease causing viruses. P 325
Disease causing viruses have a reservoir where the virus exists and is where most symptoms in host animals are either shown or not. The animal with the reservoir acts as a continual source for the virus for other host species. Some examples of this reservoir virus that causes disease in humans include the avian influenza and West Nile encephalitis which is carried in wild birds. Rodents carry viruses that causes Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, mosquitoes carry yellow fever and raccoons carry rabies.

4. Describe the general viral replication cycle.p326
The general viral replication is like a car assembly factor it starts with attachments which bind virus cell surface receptor. Then it goes to penetration which is where the viral nucleic acid is released inside the host cell. The next step is synthesis where the host cell manufactures viral nucleic acids and proteins. Next is assembly where new viruses are assembled from newly synthesized coat proteins, enzymes, and nucleic acids. Finally it releases the new viruses from the h...

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...ion.
Bacterial reproduction occurs asexually whereas most bacteria reproduce by binary fission where a single DNA molecule replicates and both copies attach to the cell membrane where the membrane begins to grow between the two molecules once the bacterium doubles in sides the cell begins to pinch inwards where a cell wall forms between the two molecules dividing the orginal cell into two indentical daughter cells. Since the two daughters cells are identical they are susceptibleto the same type of antibiotics to prevent this from happening the daughter cells incorporate genetic variation a process called recombination which can be accomplish through conjugation, transformation or transduction. They can exchange genes between another bacterium or taking up different DNA most commonly dead bacterial cells from their environment or by be contained by bacteriophages.

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