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The introduction of chemical warfare in ww1
The introduction of chemical warfare in ww1
The introduction of chemical warfare in ww1
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Fort Leonard Wood is the home of the Chemical Corps, and it’s also the home of the Chemical Defense Training Facility (CDTF). The Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force, DOD civilians and allied nation Soldiers come to train at Fort Leonard Wood’s CDTF. In the Army for a Soldier to complete his chemical Military Occupational Specialty (MOS) he needs to successfully finish the CDTF. As he becomes a Non-Commissioned Officer or Officer, he will have to come back to Advanced Leaders Course (ALC), Senior Leaders Course (SLC), Basic Officer Leaders Course (BOLC), or Chemical Captain Career Course (CCC) as this is a requirement determined by the Department of Defense (Unknown, Chemical and Biological Defense Program annual report to Congress (2000), 2001).
Before the CDTF was built Soldiers had live toxic training, but it had to be conducted outdoors as it represented the most effective training. Since 1973 the use of training with live chemical agents stops due to environmental concerns and low safety regulations (Unknown, 2011). In 1981the US Army Chemical School (USACMLS) plan and develop a training facility to be used indoors and safer for the environment and the Soldiers. The construction of the new training facility was 14.9 million dollars and it was finished in 1986 at Fort McClellan, Alabama. (Unknown, Transition Force, United States Army Garrison-FT McClellan, Alabama) The first chemical class to utilize the new CDTF was on March 1987. Thus started the age of Chemical (Unknown, 2011) Soldier’s being able to have assurance that their equipment is more than capable of protecting them in a chemical attack. Many allied nations have used and received training from our CDTF but no other like Germany. In 1988, Germany’s decontamination trai...
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..., from Wikipedia.
Unknown. (2001). Chemical and Biological Defense Program annual report to Congress (2000). In Chemical and Biological Defense Program annual report to Congress (2000) (pp. 116, persistent agent. (n.d.) Medical Dictionary for the Health Professions and Nursing. (2012). Retrieved March 20 2014 from http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/persistent+agent
Bacillus globigii. (n.d.) WordNet 3.0, Farlex clipart collection. (2003-2008). Retrieved March 20 2014 from http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Bacillus+globigii
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Unknown. (2011, July 5). globalsecurity.org. Retrieved March 18, 2014, from globalsecurity.org: http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/army/cdtf.htm
Unknown. (United States Army Garrison-FT McClellan, Alabama). Transition Force. Retrieved March 18, 2014, from FT McClellan : http://www.mcclellan.army.mil/Info.asp?article_id=12
3Brophy, L. (1959). The Chemical Warfare Service (1st ed.). Washington: Office of the Chief of
The SPCC is targeted to commissioned officers in grades 0-5 (Lieutenant Colonel) or 0-6 (Colonel) who have been centrally selected to command TO&E (Troops, Organization & Equipment) Sustainment Units. This course provides training in modular force operations for newly selected command designees, enabling them to function effectively throughout their command tour. The focus is current and emerging sustainment doctrine and leadership topics for commanders. Training received during the SPCC at Fort Lee is intended to complement the Pre-Command Course (PCC) program of instruction (POI) at Fort Leavenworth, KS; making training consistent at both locations.
I have organized this paper into five distinct sections; mission, task organization, capabilities, limitations, and finally the conclusion. After the reading and comprehension of this paper, you should have gained a basic understanding of the Special Forces (SF) Chemical Reconnaissance Detachments (CRD). The following paper is mixed with Unclassified (UCI) and For Official Use Only (FOUO) information. FOUO is annotated at the beginning of all For Official Use Only information, the rest of the paper is UCI. If you wish to share this information paper with others, please at a minimum; confirm identity of the person prior to providing (FM 380-5, 2000). For further handling instructions please refer to FM 380-5, or contact me, I will gladly answer all questions.
Brewer, Rodney . "Military.com - View History." Military.com - View History. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 May 2014.
From the creation of the Army’s Technical Escort Unit, there has always been one mission that has never changed; the removal, transportation and disposal of chemical weapons. “The U.S. Army Technical Escort Unit was formed in 1944 and is the longest, continuously active, military chemical unit in existence... The unit was formed as a group of specialist to escort chemical weapons”(Cashman, 2000, p. 104). Although this mission type has not faded, the overall mission of these units has expanded to a larger arena.
U. S. Army Center of Military History (2013). Lineage and honors information: 56th chemical detachment. Retrieved from http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/
"Chemical Warfare Agents - Resources on the health effects from chemical weapons, emergency response & treatment, counterterrorism, and emergency preparedness.au.af." Specialized Information Services - Reliable information on toxicology, environmental health, chemistry, HIV/AIDS, and minority health. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 May 2010.
The Rocky Mountain Arsenal once home to chemical manufacturing facilities in support of the World War II and some parts of the land was used for the Prisoner of War camp. The Arsenal’s location was selected due to its relative distance from the coast. The weather that conducive or suitable to outdoor work, and the appropriate type of soil needed for the project. The location was also close to Stapleton Airfield, a major transportation hub. The land was also used by some private industries to manufacture pesticides. This operations in the sites resulted in the contamination of the soil and ground water, and loss of native species. In 1992, the Congress passed the Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Act, designating the site as a future refuge. Since then, the Rocky Mountain Arsenal has been transformed from environ mental clean-up site into a premier Urban National Wildlife Refuge. Each year, thousands of visitors come to the refuge to appreciate its wildlife and view the scenic habitats. The Arsenal has been called a significant habitat island for wildlife and a place to renew the relationship with the nature.
O'Shea, Brandon J. "ARMY.MIL, The Official Homepage of the United States Army." "OPERATION POWER PACK. N.p., 20 Apr. 2010. Web. 27 Feb. 2014.
The earliest military uses of chemicals were tear-inducing irritants rather than fatal or disabling poisons. During the first World War, the French army was the first to employ gas, using 26 mm grenades filled with tear gas in August 1914. German troops fired fragmentation shells filled with a chemical irritant (agent that stimulates) against British positions at Neuve Chapelle, though the concentration
Heller, C. E. (1985). Chemical warfare in World War I: the American experience, 1917-1918. Fort Leavenworth, Kan.: Combat Studies Institute, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College ;.
Poison gas was perhaps the most feared weapon out of all. Created to overcome the long stalemate style of trench warfare, its purpose was to draw out soldiers hiding in the trenches. One side would throw the poison gas into the enemy trenches and they would either wait for their enemy to come out into open fire or perish in the trenches. The first poison gas used in battle was chlorine at the start of the Second Battle of Ypres on April 22, 1915 by the Germans. Shortly after, followed the phosgene. The effects of these gases were ghastly. Chlorine was the most deadly as "within seconds of inhaling its vapor, it destroys the victim's respiratory organs, bringing on choking attacks" (Duffy). Phosgene had similar effects, except the fact that the effects started kicking in after 48 hours of inhalation. In September 1917, the Germans introduced the mustard gas or Yperite which was contained in artillery shells against the Russians at Riga. Those exposed t...
The plan should take the Soldier from enlistment to discharge or retirement. The plan begins with the transformation process during Basic Combat Training (BCT). It is here where the training plan begins to take shape in molding a civilian into a highly skilled and qualified Soldier prepared to contribute as a team member. It starts with the introduction of the Army way of life, to understand, accept, and live the Army seven values and Warrior Ethos. It must build upon character development, focus on strong leadership traits, and instill the core values of the Army. Weapons immersion; Soldiers must be comfortable and proficient with all of their assigned weapons, to include individual, crew-served and less-than-lethal weapon systems. Our Soldiers will be able to employ their weapons under any conditions, anywhere in the world to destroy our nation’s enemies. Lastly, the ultimate goal for BCT is to produce a well-disciplined and physically fit Soldier ready to take on the challenges and stresses of a complex
...s - Fact Sheet." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 22 Feb. 2011. Web. 08 Apr. 2014.
The United States (1988). Army Field Manual 100-1, Washington, DC: Headquarters. Dept.