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Measurement of voltage and current
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Electric Heater Investigation
Introduction
I am going to conduct an experiment which will provide with evidence
to show that if voltage is increased in an experiment the amount of
heat energy produced is also increased.
Key Variables
The items that might affect my test results are: -
* The thickness of the resistance wire
* The length of the resistance wire
* The thickness of the tube
* The temperature of the water used
* How many times the resistance wire is wrapped around the tube?
* The amount of current, voltage or energy provided
* The place in the test tube that you take your temperature is taken
from
Prediction
I predict that as I increase the voltage the temperature will increase
depending on the amount of volts that are provided to the heater. The
evidence that I am going to prove my prediction is listed below. The
electrical equation that I am going to use to prove my prediction is:
-
Power=Voltage x Current
P=VI
So….
4Vx 2A=8W this basically means that if you multiply a voltage of 4
and a current of 2A you will get a result of 8W.
But….
12Vx2A=24W this basically means that if you increase the voltage to
12V and leave the current the same the amount of energy produced will
also increase.
The equations above prove that if you increase the voltage the amount
of energy that is produced will also increase.
Equipment needed
The equipment that I will require in this experiment : -
* 1m of resistance wire
* Test tube
* Beaker
* Glass rod/tube
* Stopwatch
* Power supply
* Ammeter
* Electrical wires
Lincoln Electric Company has a very distinguished culture, after my readings over the case study it is clear that the strong culture they have prominently reflects their success.
fuel, heat loss and shape of the type of wick. The type of fuel, heat loss will be the variables to change. We will measure to control the temperature of the water using a
In conclusion, we have realized the significance of including just the netted plan assets and the PBO and not including the full amount of the plan assets and the PBO on the balance sheet. This type of accounting flexibility by the FASB helps companies and ultimately hurts investors who are unaware of the consequences. Usually, the estimated PBO and plan assets are very large in relation to the debt and equity capitalization of the company. The financial situation is therefore skewed and is not represented correctly on the company’s balance sheet which then in turn distorts financial ratios. Investors who are unaware of these accounting rules will end up making erroneous conclusions. Also, this accounting flexibility allows managers to manipulate financial statements whether intentionally or unintentionally by influencing their actuarial assumptions.
The cold pack experiment lab allowed us, the students, to apply theories learned in class to actual real life experiments; such experiments prepare us for future tasks the will be put forth to determine. Our main trajectory through this assignment was to determine what our unknown salt was, through experimental analysis. The main purpose of this lab was for us to determine what the given unknown salt is. For this experiment, my group and I were given unknown salt 7. Information recognized before starting the lab, were the materials needed, background information on the math required to determine the unknown(s). In addition, other background sources before starting the experiment included having previous knowledge of chemical formulas, understanding concepts learned throughout class and how a calorimetry works. Furthermore in order to determine how to complete the lab, we needed information upon how to properly keep the temperature of the water from decreasing or increasing, and this required that we needed to know what an insulator is and how to use ...
Two electrical wires * Stopwatch * Thermometer Method I put a piece of Elodea Canadensis (pond weed) in a test tube and covered it with water. The test tube was then placed in a beaker with a thermometer so that the water stayed the same temperature, this was then placed in a cardboard box with a bulb attached to a voltmeter by the electrical wires so that I could concentrate how much light the plant got. I varied the voltage (intensity) of the bulb and counted how many bubbles of oxygen were created at each voltage in one minute. I tested each voltage three times for accuracy for a minute each time. Results Preliminary Experiment Amount of bubbles Light intensity (lux)
in the experiment of the Atomic Wight of the Element Silver. We react excess amount of copper with silver nitrate solution. To determine the amount of copper reacted and silver that is produced. The first thing that we did was rinsed 150 ml beaker with distilled water. Second, we dispense 10.00 ml of silver nitrate into rinsed beaker. Then we added 100 ml of distilled water to the beaker. Third we obtain a precut copper wire and then winded around large wide mouth test tube to produce a helix or coil of wire. After that we weighed the wire which is 2.1290g in balance number 5. Fourth, we placed the copper wire in the beaker containing dilute silver nitrate solution at 11:30 and then we taped on the copper wire to dislodge the silver metal into
Culture is the most powerful way of controlling and managing employee behaviors than organizational rules and regulations. Lincoln Electric Company is the one of world’s largest manufacturer of welding machines and electrodes having their own strong cultures. Their people-oriented cultures influenced on their turnover rate and the performance-oriented cultures exerted a favorable influence on employee behaviors, thinking and behavioral patterns. Their rules, incentive management, the performance appraisal system, the bonus plan and management styles were sufficient with the demands of their environment and kept their employees to be contented with the systems.
During the experiment, the data I collected was, that Mild maximum change of body temperature was 0.51 with a standard error of measurement of 0.6, and for Hot, the maximum change of body temperature was 0.24 with a standard error of measurement of 0.21. The data from the experiment shows that it did not support my hypothesis, but it falsifies the hypothesis instead. Instead of spicy foods cause these symptoms because it raises your body temperature, the spicy foods cause these symptoms because of a chemical reaction. Spicy foods contain capsaicin which can cause the results of the observes we made, like a running nose, stomach ache, sweat and thirst. The backup hypothesis in this experiment was correct because capsaicin is the reason behind the symptoms we experience when eating spicy foods.
4) Measure the temperature of the boiling water with the thermometer. This will help us calculate the change in temperature for the two metal samples later.
The null hypothesis at the inception of this lab stated that the breathing rate of a gold fish would not be effected with decreased water temperature around it. The alternate and working hypothesis however stated that decreasing the water’s temperature will decrease the goldfish’s breaths per minute. After preforming the experiment, my results support my original hypothesis as the fish’s breaths per minute did drop when the water temperature lowered. In my group’s experiment, the fish’s breathing rate stayed constant after only decreasing the temperature by 5 ◦C, the breathing rate then plummeted once the water temperature was at 10 ◦C. As a total class, the experiment further supported the hypothesis with the breathing rate per minute dropping
tube 1, which was at 0° C produced very little )2. As the temperature increased in test tube
Sweating and Heat Loss Investigation Aim To find out whether heat is lost faster over a sweaty body compared to a dry body. Apparatus 2 Boiling tubes 47ml max 2 Measuring jug 50ml max A Beaker 250ml max 2 thermometers Paper towels A kettle to boil water A stopwatch 2 magnifying glasses (8x) 2 corks with a small hole through the centre A test tube rack Preliminary work In my preliminary work, I need to find out how much water to use, whether the tissue should be wet with hot/cold water, how often the readings should be taken, how accurate should the readings be, how many readings should be taken and what my starting temperature should be. My results are as follows. Starting temperature of 40°c Time (secs) Wet towel (°c) Dry towel (°c) 30 36 38.9 60 35 38.5 90 34 37.9 120 33.9 37.5 150 33 37 180 32.6 36.9 210 32.3 36.8 240 31 36.5 270 30.4 36 300 30.3 35.9 Starting temperature of 65°c Time (secs) Wet towel (°c) Dry towel (°c) 30 51.1 53 60 48.2 51.9 90 46.4 51 120 46 50 150 44.3 49 180 42.9 48.4 210 42.6 46.9 240 41.7 48 270 40.2 47.5 300 39.3 47 Starting temperature of 60°c Time (secs) Wet towel (°c) Dry towel (°c)
direct conversion of heat into electric energy, or vice versa. The term is generally restricted to the irreversible conversion of electricity into heat described by the English physicist James P. Joule and to three reversible effects named for Seebeck, Peltier, and Thomson, their respective discoverers. According to Joule’s law, a conductor carrying a current generates heat at a rate proportional to the product of the resistance (R) of the conductor and the square of the current (I). The German physicist Thomas J. Seebeck discovered in the 1820s that if a closed loop is formed by joining the ends of two strips of dissimilar metals and the two junctions of the metals are at different temperatures, an electromotive force, or voltage, arises that is proportional to the temperature difference between the junctions. A circuit of this type is called a thermocouple; a number of thermocouples connected in series is called a thermopile. In 1834 the French physicist Jean C. A. Peltier discovered an effect inverse to the Seebeck effect: If a current passes through a thermocouple, the temperature of one junction increases and the temperature of the other decreases, so that heat is transferred from one junction to the other. The rate of heat transfer is proportional to the current and the direction of transfer is reversed if the current is reversed. The Scottish scientist William Thomson (later Lord Kelvin) discovered in 1854 that if a temperature difference exists between any two points of a current-carrying conductor, heat is either evolved or absorbed depending upon the material. (This heat is not the same as Joule heat, or I2R heat, which is always evolved.) If heat is absorbed by such a circuit, then heat may be evolved if the direction of the current or of the temperature gradient is reversed.
The specific heat of copper was calculated to be .425 J/goC by using the relationship of the specific heat of water and copper. The percent error of the aforementioned specific heat of copper is 9.4%. The unknown metal’s specific heat was found to be 1.104 J/goC based on data collected from the experiment, however, the true identity of the unidentified metal was revealed to be Magnesium. Given the identity of the metal, the percent error was found to be 59.33%. This percent error is incredibly high, some potential sources of this high percentage is the nature of the styrofoam cup, in that the cup could not insulate the water very well, allowing the heat energy to not be contained in the cup. Another possible source of error would be human
The electric utility industry was chaotic in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s. There were people competing to generate and distribute electricity within their own cities, causing a huge excess of wires running through the streets. The competition developed to become quite intense, where people would attempt to cut prices to undersell neighboring utilities, and neighbors would reciprocate price cuts until nobody was making a good profit. Policy makers began to think the industry was a natural monopoly, in which it would be most economically efficient to have one or few entities run the electric industry. At the time, I think it was justified to implement state regulation of electric utilities because of the high overlap in infrastructure, the ruinous competition between firms, and it moved us closer to an economically optimal solution.