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Introduction about laboratory techniques
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Introduction:
Cold packs or medical cold packs are made and used in a variety of different ways. Cold packs are typically used in regards of medical treatment. Many athletes used cold packs to heal from any injuries. Furthermore, cold packs are used to keep medications cool for a given period, such medications include vaccinations. Cold packs contain a liquid inside, in most cases its water. In addition the water is mixed with a salt, which allows the cold pack to stay cool. The mixture that occurs between the salt and the water causes an endothermic reaction, which means that heat is absorbed. Due to the heat absorption, the temperature of the solution will decrease substantially.
The cold pack experiment lab allowed us, the students, to apply theories learned in class to actual real life experiments; such experiments prepare us for future tasks the will be put forth to determine. Our main trajectory through this assignment was to determine what our unknown salt was, through experimental analysis. The main purpose of this lab was for us to determine what the given unknown salt is. For this experiment, my group and I were given unknown salt 7. Information recognized before starting the lab, were the materials needed, background information on the math required to determine the unknown(s). In addition, other background sources before starting the experiment included having previous knowledge of chemical formulas, understanding concepts learned throughout class and how a calorimetry works. Furthermore in order to determine how to complete the lab, we needed information upon how to properly keep the temperature of the water from decreasing or increasing, and this required that we needed to know what an insulator is and how to use ...
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Conclusion:
In conclusion, this experiment allowed us, the students, to use theories learned in class to real life applications, or real life applications that we will soon encounter. The lab better prepared us for what may be expected in the future, and allowed us to determine different factors that affected our results in more than one possible way. The cold pack experiment lab that was conducted by my group and I, had resulted in us facing errors such as measurement errors, errors including the calorimeter and errors including our unknown salt. These errors were recorded and explained to better help us prevent it from occurring again. By following the correct procedure and having the correct materials required, we were able to determine the final enthalpy. That allowed us to determine what our unknown salt was, which was ammonium chloride.
Solid A was identified to be sodium chloride, solid B was identified to be sucrose, and Solid C was identified to be corn starch. Within the Information Chart – Mystery White Solid Lab there are results that distinguishes itself from the other 4 experimental results within each test. Such as: the high conductivity and high melting point of sodium chloride, and the iodine reaction of corn starch. Solid A is an ionic compound due to its high melting point and high electrical conductivity (7), within the Information Chart – Mystery White Solid Lab there is only one ionic compound which is sodium chloride, with the test results of Solid A, it can be concluded that is a sodium chloride. Solid B was identified as sucrose due to its low electrical
Then, repeat steps 7-11 another 4 times but with the room temperature water. For the room temperature water just leave it in the room but try not to change the room’s temperature. 15. Try to put all your recorded data into a table for organization 16. Repeat the entire experiment for more reliable data.
I did accomplish the purpose of the lab. First, I determined the percentage of water in alum hydrate, and the percentage of water in an unknown hydrate. The results are reasonable because they are close to the example results. Second, I calculated the water of crystallization of an unknown hydrate. Furthermore, I developed the laboratory skills for analyzing a hydrate.
An Investigation Into How the Thickness of Insulation Affects the Time a Drink Takes to Cool Down
Then comparing the initial temperature of the water to the temperature after the reaction between various salts has occurred, I was able to determine which salt resulted in an exothermic reaction when combined with water. The NaCl and KNO3 were both endothermic reactions because the final temperature was less than the initial temperature. This means that heat was lost by the surroundings, the solution, and gained by the system, the reaction. MgSO4 was exothermic because its final temperature was greater than its initial temperature, which means that heat was gained by the solution and lost by the reaction. Therefore, MgSO4 was the best salt to use for the heat pack because it was the only salt we tested that released heat. After this, we ran three trials with varying volumes of water in order to find the volume ratio of salt to water that would produce a reaction that could release enough heat to raise the temperature of the solution by about 20°C. From this information, I could find the changes of enthalpy of the reaction, which was able to be a substitute for changes in heat content because the reaction took place at a constant
Maintaining normal core body temperature (normothermia) in patients within perioperative environments is both a challenging and important aspect to ensure patient safety, comfort and positive surgical outcomes (Tanner, 2011; Wu, 2013; Lynch, Dixon & Leary, 2010). Normorthermia is defined as temperatures from 36C to 38C, and is maintained through thermoregulation which is the balance between heat loss and heat gain (Paulikas, 2008). When normothermia is not maintained within the perioperative environments, and the patient’s core body temperature drops below 36C, they are at risk of developing various adverse consequences due to perioperative hypothermia (Wagner, 2010). Perioperative hypothermia is classified into three
The first was to see how long it would take to lower body temperature, and the next to decide how best to resuscitate a frozen victim. The doctors submerged a naked victim in an icy vat of water. They would insert an insulated thermometer into the victim’s rectum in order to monitor his or her body temperature. The icy vat proved to be the fastest way to drop the body’s temperature. Once the body reached 25 degrees Celsius, the victim would usually die.
Another example of a systematic error that might have taken place during this experiment could have been that the room temperature water could have been in flux due to the fact that the temperature of the room may not have been constant and therefore the temperature of the room temperature water could have changed. This error could have been prevented by making sure that there were no occasional blasts of cold or warm air coming into the room that the experiment would be taking place
The thermometer, containers, and iron ball were secured of any possible contaminants. The stopwatch was calibrated and checked to be correctly measuring the time in seconds and milliseconds, by comparison with other stopwatches. The thermometer was checked to be accurately measuring the temperature of lukewarm water, and was al...
By doing this experiment, I can know the physical and chemical properties of these samples. After I get my results about the physical and chemical properties of these samples, I can compare my results with the information given by the past student and identify the 5 unknown samples, finding out which sample is which substance. Hypothesis = ==
Methodology: A plastic cup was filled half way with crushed ice and mixed with four spoonfuls of 5 mL of sodium chloride. A thermometer was quickly placed inside the cup to take the temperature and the
The purpose of performing this lab was to find the specific heat capacity of an unknown metal.
In a 100ml beaker 30mls of water was placed the temperature of the water was recorded. 1 teaspoon of Ammonium Nitrate was added to the water and stirred until dissolved. The temperature was then recorded again. This was to see the difference between the initial temperature and the final temperature.
By exposing the chocolate and the cookies before the light and heat of the 60-watt light bulb, the students will be able to progressively observe the process of the material melting and make records at every stage of the experiment. Using the 15 seconds step, the students can identify the melt temperature and time of the chocolate under the lab conditions as well as make and analyze their records in the final part of the experiment. The experiment is expected to establish, which of the chocolates and cookies melt faster, and make conclusions about the influence of the consumables ingredients on their physical properties. This corresponds with the TEK 112.11 (5B) procedure, which allows students to “observe, record, and discuss how materials can be changed by heating or
The virus that causes the common cold is Rhinovirus.The history is symptoms in humans originated in birds around 200 years ago. First known case is rhinovirus discovered in 1956. Number of known cases every person can get it 3-5 times in a year. Number of deaths U.S and worldwide 4,500 in U.S and 500,000 worldwide.