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Cultural and cross cultural psychology
Introduction to Cross-Cultural Psychology Paper
Cultural and cross cultural psychology
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Recommended: Cultural and cross cultural psychology
Intro to Cross-Cultural Psychology
MacKenzie Swope
Psychology 450
Professor Arce
12/08/14
Case Study
In New Zealand there is a fast growing population. The case study that will be talked about in this paper is the Pacific Island Family study that was done in New Zealand. The PIF study is one that is very informative and captures different information about fathers, mothers, and children. The main purpose of this study was to find and characterize the different individuals as well as different families that are having positive and negative outcome with their health. It also goes into talking about the different processes that that shape the pathways to those certain health outcomes. The last thing that was an important part of
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One thing that cultural psychology does is has more emphasis on how the different culture changes and influences certain individuals. Cross cultural psychology studies the different cultural effects of psychology on certain people. (Shiraev & Levy, 2010). Cross cultural psychology is a way that an individuals can compare two different cultural groups. With cultural psychology an individual is trying to find the relationship that is between a psychological as well as the cultural variable of different cultural groups. When talking about cultural psychology it is talking about a certain type of psychology that has emphasis on the study of one culture, now with cross-cultural psychology an individual is studying at least two or more different types of cultures. (Shiraev & Levy, 2010). These two types of psychology contribute very important knowledge when it comes to the behavior of humans. Cultural psychology is like a framework for cross-cultural psychology, it collects different types of data from many different types of cultures, and this data is then used by cross-cultural psychology for many different types of things. These items are things such as, testing, comparing, as well as studying. The specific relationship that is between these types of psychology helps an individual understand how individual as well as interpersonal processes. …show more content…
When this process happens researchers will have to conduct different scientific investigations to make sure that the researcher chooses the correct method that is also appropriate to be able to find the answers. There are four goals that are a part of cross-cultural research, these goals are interpretation, prediction, description, and management. (Shiraev & Levy, 2010). Once these goals are found then the researchers have to choose whether they will rely on the research methodologies. These different types of methodologies are going to be items like quantitative and qualitative research. Qualitative research is research that is normally happening in a natural environment, such as an individual living their daily life. Quantitative research is research that normally occurs in comparative perspectives that will track the specifics of human behavior. This is normally seen when an individual is being observed. (Shiraev & Levy,
Research can be quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative research is objective and involves measuring the phenomena under investigation. Qualitative research is subjective, explores experiences and feelings, and involves the recording of phenomena that cannot easily be quantified (Toates, 2010, pp. 5-6). Both are empirical since they involve data collection (OU, n.d.).
An individuals culture is one of the most influential factors that will drive an individual’s responses to psychological assessment. Culture molds and shapes our values, social norms, behaviors and belief systems. Duran, Firehammer and Gonzalez (2008) recognize, “Culture is part of the soul. As human beings, we are all part of a culture and not separate from it” (p.288 ). The understanding of culture is complex and has to be extended to include how domestic and international culture vary in relation to similarities, variances and contrad...
John, W. Berry, Ype H. Poortinga, Marshall, H. Segall, Pierre R. Dasen (2002). Cross- Cultural Psychology: Research and applications (2nd ed.) United States of America, New York.
According to Smith (1983) quantitative research is to explain, predict and develop laws that can be universally applied and Qualitative research is the interpretation and understanding of what people give to their situation. The researchers clearly stated the purpose of their studies, aim, objectiv...
With this paper I wanted to focus on psychological aspects that had to do with a different side of the culture. There are three key aspect of information from the c...
On the other hand, Quantitative research refers to “variance theory” where quantity describes the research in terms of statistical relationships between different variables (Maxwell, 2013). Quantitative research answers the questions “how much” or “how many?” Quantitative research is an objective, deductive process and is used to quantify attitudes, opinions, behaviors, and other defined variables with generalized results from a larger sample population. Much more structured than qualitative research, quantitative data collection methods include various forms of surveys, personal interviews and telephone interviews, polls, and systematic observations. Methods can be considered “cookie cutter” with a predetermined starting point and a fixed sequence of
According to (Hofstede, Hofstede, & Minkov, 2010) described that the culture can be defined as it is made up of “thinking, feeling, and potential acting” that all people carry within themselves, which he terms as “mental programs.” Likewise, after did a large number of research, Hofstede decided to divide cultural differences into five dimensions, they are power distance, Individualism vs. Collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, Masculinity vs. Femininity and long-term vs. short-term orientation respectively. Putting more details into these five
Quantitative research uses a deductive reasoning also known as top to bottom or (top down approach) starting with a theory, then the hypothesis, followed by observation and finally confirmation , going from the general to the more specific. Quantitative methods use numbers and statistics to show the results of the research exercise and mainly are concerned with mathematics and statistics. In quantitative research there are levels of measurement being firstly nominal which are names of things followed by ordinal sequence of things, interval where the sequence has equal distance between each item, and ratio where there is a true zero (Alston & Bowles, 2003, p. 7-9).
Social psychologists have a range of different subject areas and topics that they can choose from when deciding what research they want to do, including; obedience, conformity, identity, communication and language, persuasion and influence. In addition to this there are two main theories that derive from social psychology, the first being behaviourism and the second being social learning theory. The first theory behaviourism, derived from Pavlovs work looking at operant conditioning
Quantitative research involves the collection and converting of data into numerical form to enable statistical calculations be made and conclusions drawn. It provides a measure of how people think, feel or behave and uses the statistical analysis to determine the results. However, this measurement results in numbers, or data, being collected, which is then analyzed by using quantitative research methods (Byrne, 2007).
Humans’ behaviors are often guided by their culture because culture can influence their psychological processes.
Qualitative studies are slightly different in that they do not use large cohorts and they are not analyzing large data sets. Qualitative studies also look to answer question “why”. They use smaller numbers but go more in-depth with the small group they have. “In contrast, qualitative research involves looking at characteristics, or qualities, that cannot easily be reduced to numerical values. A qualitative researcher typically aims to examine the many nuances and complexities of a particular phenomenon” (Leedy & Ormrod, 2010, p. 94). Qualitative and Quantitative studies can be used separately or together in a mixed methodology.
Having different cultural and social psychology allows for different explinations of thoughts and behaviors. Psychology expains personal experiences based on what has happened in ones lifetime. Through these experiences, a person is able to develop the same cultural psychological views due to the social psychology of the area. If there was a change to a culture that added something new to the customs that were not included before, there would be a result of the new custom that would change the way the people of that culture would
The term culture has many different meanings in relation to psychology. It can mean the arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively; a refined understanding or appreciation of different values; the customs, arts, social institutions, and achievements of a particular nation, people, or other social group; or the attitudes and behavior characteristic of a particular social group. Culture does not have a distinct or universal meaning and can be associated with ethnicity, race, or country of origin. Many factors contribute to culture differences such as: geography, climate, and natural recourses; population, money, government, and religion; as well as temperament or personality of the population. People
It is important that researchers are knowledgeable of the qualitative research methodologies in order to select the most appropriate to investigate their problem of interest, and thereby selecting the most appropriate data collection methods that will aptly produce the richest data for analysis.