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Reading skills and strategies
Reading skills strategies
Method of developing reading skills
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Reading: According to the teacher’s data, work samples and classroom observations, Danica has made program towards her reading goal. She is able to decode through unknown words, recall details and to answer questions from short passages; however she struggles with comprehension question for lengthy reading selections. Progress monitoring shows that she is averaging in the 30-40% proficiency for reading comprehension. Danica has shown improvements towards her reading fluency, according to the Mclass DiBels assessment, 51wpm from 21 wpm at the (BOY) beginning of the year. Informal observation made by the teacher notes that Danica demonstrates weakness in comprehension and fluency. The difficulty in the area of comprehension impacts the general education setting in the …show more content…
areas of science or social studies with accommodations.
She understands what she has read when she uses her classroom reading strategies Danica continues to struggle with reading fluency, finding specific details, identifying the main idea, understanding the meaning of a text, making inferences, predicting what may happen next and drawing conclusions for the regular education curriculum These difficulties in language arts/reading has negatively impact Danica ’s ability to perform grade level text independently within the regular education …show more content…
environment. Goal: When given a grade level reading passage, Danica will improve her comprehension skills by identifying the main idea and supporting details in the passage with 80% accuracy.
BM objectives: Given a grade level selection, with clear and visual support, Danica will identify the main idea, sequence of events supported by 3 details, 4 out of 5 trials.
Danica will identify the main idea and 3 or more relevant details from a story read aloud on, 4 out of 5 trials.
When given a grade-level text, Danica will verbally discuss the details and examples in the text for, 4 out of 5 trials.
After reading a grade level text, Danica will answer “WH” (Who, what when, where, why and how) questions, 4 out of 5
trials. Math: According to classroom observations and teacher make assessment, Danica learns best when materials are presented visually and hands-on. She has been learning different ways to compensate for his lack for some basic math skills, such as flash cards for multiplication facts, using a graphic organizer (creating a multiplication table), drawing models on paper, fraction bars/strips and base ten blocks; to help with solving her math problem. She often times require prompting to correct some number reversals for the number {3-4-5-6-7}. Danica continues to do well when expectations are clearly and simply explained to him. Her AIMsweb data indicated that her Math Computation-below grade level and Math Concept and Applications-below grade level. In day-to-day class work, she has difficulty with problem solving tasks that involve multiple steps (2 or more). She is unable to analyze the information presented in graphs and charts due to level of detail and has difficulty separating object form. Her work sample indicated that she has difficulty retaining the knowledge and skills necessary for maintaining grade level concepts. Danica’s difficulty in the areas of reading and written mechanics affect her involvement and progress in the regular classroom as she is functioning well below her grade level peers in these areas. Joshua’s articulation skills are below grade level peers which interferes with his overall ability to communicate. Math goal: When given mathematical problems, Danica will demonstrate improvement in basic math skills by using manipulatives (Base-ten blocks, two-colored counters, fraction strips, beans, and geometric solids) to completing addition and subtraction problems, solve word problems with 80% accuracy, 4 out of 5 trials. Given a math problem, Danica will use manipulatives provided to her in order to solve math computation and/or concepts and applications math problems with minimal prompting, with 80% success, 4 out of 5 trials Given a math problem, Danica will verbally state the steps in solving the math problems, 4 out of 5 trials Given an addition or subtraction problem, Danica will use manipulatives to remove/add to objects from a set and identify the difference/sum, 4 out of 5 trials.
Objective 2: As the students engage in think, pair, share activities they will refer to the text to complete the assignment. They will learn from each other, receive feedback, and will also have a chance to engage in public speaking while discussing the story. This instructional strategy will encourage the students to reflect about the questions, share their ideas with their partner, fill out a worksheet with 5 questions, and then share their ideas with the rest of the class. Some of the questions on the worksheet will include:
As I read this article by John Guillory, I thought he sounded like a pompous, condescending know it all, but when I read the article again it made me begin to think about reading skills. In elementary school, we read books about faraway lands of make b...
When Jack does this, the information remains the main focus rather than the story and the story was sometimes clumped together without any information given. The story and information elements are there, but the whole process of creating this test was sometimes filled with just information. In addition, some of the things he talked about while trying to weave the information and story together were rushed and as a result, the story aspect of creating the actual test moved to getting it approved. Sometimes, the information seems to become the main focus while the story gets pushed to the side as if it was nothing, suspending the story as more information was added in between each part of the
Phase 4 introduces sentence structure. The children are taught to sequence two pictures on a sentence strip, i.e. ‘I want’ plus the desired item.
Jasmin has shown that she is less skilful in answering interpretive and inferential questions. These questions require children to go beyond the text and use their fund of knowledge coupled with inferencing skills to provide a feasible and accurate answer (Hogan 2011). For example inferential questions “What do you think Kate’s mum was thinking?”, “What was the important part of this story? Why?” Jasmin did not answer to the point as she could not associate it to her experiences, knowledge and lacking in inferencing
Finding a definition of literacy is not as easy as it sounds. The Webster definition says that to be literate is to be” able to read and write.” But to some researchers, this definition is too simplistic, leading to multiple models of literacy. Most Americans adhere to the autonomous model, which falls closest to the standard, dictionary definition. Believers in this form say that literacy is a cognitive activity that students learn like any other basic skill. It has a set of proficiencies that one must master in order to be capable of decoding and encoding text (Alvermann, 2009; SIL International, 1999). A competing theory is the ideological model, which claims literacy is intrinsically linked to culture, and therefore what constitutes a “literate” individual is ever-changing. Society is the largest influence on literacy, according to this thought, and it is affected by politics, religion, philosophy and more (Alvermann, 2009; SIL International, 1999). These two are just the tip of the iceberg. For example, some studies recognize “literacy as competence,” which is a “measure of competence to do a given task or work in a given field,” (SIL International, 1999) such as being computer literate. Although more researchers are recognizing and exploring multiple literacies, the one that most influences American schools is the autonomous, cognitive model – the ability to read and write. For many, it seems a simple task, but millions of adolescents are struggling or reluctant readers, and there are many reasons why young readers have difficulty with reading. XXXXXX------NEED HELP WITH THESIS STATEMENT HERE PLEASE—(This paper will focus on the effects of low reading skills, some of the possible causes of reluctant and struggling readership...
...ed by most, and how dyslexia can cause problems with reading comprehension. It also discussed ways that we can mitigate these problems for dyslexic people, but these skills can and should be used by all learners. Reading comprehension is a perishable skill, one that if you don’t work on increasing your reading ability by building your vocabulary, learn to read effectively, or using the correct reading strategies for the type of reading material being studied will diminish. Even with the largest vocabulary, if the words are not understood literacy cannot be achieved. Literacy is the key to comprehensive reading. It also gave some of the tools for reading and understanding different types of literature and how to get the important information out of each one. Edmund Burk said “To read without reflecting is like eating without digesting” (Gallagher, 2003, p. 11).
Laurin 's ability for writing fall within the average range when compared to children the same age. Her ability to write is less developed than her other specific abilities, this is attributed to her age. Laurin has just turned seven and first grade students are beginning to learn formal sentence construction. However, Laurin has a good understanding of vocabulary and the English language, as compared to children of the same age. Her verbal abilities and non-verbal abilities differ. She is able to verbally communicate topics that she learned in school, yet she is still learning how to present written expression through complex sentences. In the context of the real world Laurin understands the basic concepts of spelling and writing, yet she needs more formal training to
The causes of reading difficulties often arise because of learning disabilities such as dyslexia, poor preparation before entering school, no value for literacy, low school attendance, insufficient reading instruction, and/or even the way students were taught to read in the early grades. The struggles that students “encounter in school can be seen as socially constructed-by the ways in which schools are organized and scheduled, by assumptions that are made about home life and school abilities, by a curriculum that is often devoid of connections to students’ lives, and by text that may be too difficult for students to read” (Hinchman, and Sheridan-Thomas166). Whatever the reason for the existence of the reading problem initially, by “the time a [student] is in the intermediate grades, there is good evidence that he will show continued reading g...
First, she read the story by herself and then we read it together. After we finished reading the story, I started to ask her questions orally and she answered three out of five questions correct. Then, I asked her to write a summary about the story, but she only wrote about three sentences. She did understand some parts of the story, but she did not comprehend everything that happened through out the whole story. I explained to her the whole story again in both English and Spanish. This time she was able to give me a more detail summary of the story and her level of comprehension increase after explaining her the story in Spanish. I was able to see that her limited knowledge of what the words mean left comprehension gaps in her reading. I evaluated her writing sample and I could see that she needs a lot of help in sentence structure. She does not use verbs properly and she uses really short sentences. I know that I have to keep in mind that this is her first year in a pure English class and that English is her second language. Overall, she is struggling with her reading and writing, but she is improving day by day. She is very intelligent and she is always willing to participate in class and to work with her
Para provides Sam with different verbal cues based on where Sam seems to struggle. “look at the title”, “look at the pictures” “what words are frequently repeated” “what is the story about?” Provide multiple choice (3 options) (cue provided multiple times or provide multiple choice options)when/if needed.
It is a “reading world” we live in and students should be guaranteed every opportunity to succeed in this information driven society. Children today are overwhelmed with more reading material than ever before on billboard, television, the Internet and at school, causing reading to become a relevant and essential need in the life of every child (Lumpkin 1972). Being able to read has become the core of our information driven society. Yet, reading difficulties continue to plague the foundation of our education system creating a problem that only seems to be escalating. Hasselbring affirms that reading difficulties are a serious concern to our nation’s students claiming that, “as many as 20 percent of 17 year olds... [are] functionally illiterate and 44 percent of all high school students…[are] described as semi-illiterate”(2004). This is a harsh reality to face – a reality that stems from difficulties developed at the elementary level where reading complications arise and usually go unchecked. These reading difficulties are carri...
Angelina, a very self-involved 7th grader from New York Middle School states in a very pretentiously, “I do not read because I wanna pass my classes. I have a 4.1 GPA which, by the way, is the highest GPA ever to be received! I have gotten 177% on all of my tests which is nearly impossible to do!” In a statement from Angelina’s parents, they state, “Not reading has made our daughter, Angelina, super smart! Unlike our other daughter who reads all the time. She is failing all of her classes!” Many students just like Angelina have reported that ever since they started reading less than 37 words a day, they began to pass tests and
In this information–driven age, preparing students to read a variety of texts with complete understanding should likely be one of our educational system’s highest priorities. Understanding is more than just the ability to produce information on demand (knowledge) or the ability to perform learned routines (skills). “Understanding is the ability to think and act flexibly with what one knows.” (Active Learning Practice for Schools, n. d.) A review of the literature in the area of reading comprehension of elementary-age students shows two principle areas of focus. There is a body of literature that examines the development of proficient vs. struggling comprehenders and another body of literature that compares methodologies for teaching reading comprehension.
Reading is an essential skill that needs to be addressed when dealing with students with disabilities. Reading is a skill that will be used for a student’s entire life. Therefore, it needs to be an important skill that is learned and used proficiently in order for a student to succeed in the real world. There are many techniques that educators can use to help improve a student’s reading comprehension. One of these skills that needs to be directly and explicitly taught is learning how to read fluently for comprehension. “To comprehend texts, the reader must be a fluent decoder and not a laborious, word-by-word reader” (Kameenui, 252). Comprehension can be difficult for students with learning disabilities because they tend to be the students that are reading below grade level. One strategy is to incorporate the student’s background knowledge into a lesson. This may require a bit of work, but it will help the students relate with the information being pres...