One of the least spoken about elements, cerium, is important and rather abundant for being considered a rare metal. It is more abundant than most metals in Earth’s crust. Cerium (Ce) has an atomic number of 58 and an average atomic mass of 140.116. To find it on the Periodic Table, either find atomic number 58 or use the electron configuration of [Xe]6s24f15d1. When searching across The Periodic Table, cerium is not a definitive eye catcher, however, seeing pure cerium ignite when scratched will spark interest in most people. Usually, cerium is in a solid metal form as an conductor. cerium was named after an asteroid called Ceres. All in all, cerium is a usually silvery, sometimes dark gray, malleable metal, in the Lanthanide series in period six that is very reactive but has many uses. …show more content…
Cerium was found for the first time in both Sweden and Germany in the same year. Today, it is usually obtained by an ion exchange process from monazite sand, which is known to have many rare earth elements inside. Cerium is dangerous by itself but can be used to make carbon arc lights for studio lighting in the motion picture industry. Misch metal has many metals in it, including cerium, and is used to make flints for lighters. Cerium oxide (Ce2O3 and CeO2) is used in self-cleaning ovens, gas mantles and to polish glass surfaces. Cerium does not have any major medical uses but, can have minor ones, like in the polish used to polish glass after cleaning. In 2012, to buy a kilogram of cerium oxide it is about $26. The price fluctuates quite a lot, for example, in September of 2011 a kilogram of cerium oxide was $118. Cerium is a conductor with a low density of 6.689 grams per cubic centimeters. The melting point is 1071o K, which is about 1468.13o F and the boiling point is 3697o K, which is 6194.93o
Although some of the elements have been known for thousands of years, our understanding of many elements is still young. Mendeleev’s first Periodic Table contained only 63 elements, and about that many were discovered in the following 100 years. Just like countries, emperors, philosophers, and cities, elements have histories, too.“The Disappearing spoon” by Sam Kean, is a detailed history of the elements on the Periodic Table. Kean does a important job of telling every single element’s journey throughout the history of mankind: from the earliest times, when chemistry was intermingled with alchemy, to these days of modern chemistry. For example: Thallium is considered the deadliest element, pretending to be potassium to gain entry into our cells where it then breaks amino acid bonds within proteins. The CIA once developed a plan to poison Fidel Castro by dosing his socks with thallium-tainted
Lithium (Li), the third element on the periodic table, has a soft texture and a silver-white color. This element has an atomic number of three, and is located on the periodic table in the second period of the first group. In addition to being the first alkali metal on the periodic table, lithium is also the lightest metal; its weight is about 6.941 atomic mass units (AMU). Because it is a metal, lithium is mainly used in ionic bonds. Its common compounds include lithium hydride (LiH), lithium nitride (Li3N), lithium carbonate (Li2CO3), lithium hydroxide (LiOH), and lithium fluoride (LiF). Lithium is the thirty-third most abundant element and makes up a very small portion of the Earth’s crust. However, due to its high reactivity, it does not naturally occur in its pure form.
Calcium is the 20th element of the periodic table. It is a metallic element that is greyish-silver in colour and has the atomic symbol of Ca. It is a group 2 alkaline earth metal and is the 5th most abundant element by mass in earth’s crust. It is also reactive with water and is relatively soft. It is an essential element for organisms, and is major material that is used in the materialisation of teeth, bone and shells. It is also the most abundant metal located within animals.
Isotopes refer to 1 of 2 or more atoms with the same atomic number but different numbers of neutrons. The atom copper has two stable isotopes. They are 63Cu and 65Cu. 63Cu has an isotope atomic mass (in amu) of 62.9295989 and a natural abundance (in atom %) of 69.17. 65Cu has an isotope atomic mass (in amu) of 64.9277929 and a natural abundance (in atom %) of 30.83. The averag...
Strontium was discovered by Adair Crawford, an Irish chemist, in 1790 while studying the mineral witherite (BaCO3). When he mixed witherite with hydrochloric acid (HCl), he did not get the results he expected. He assumed that his sample of witherite was contaminated with an unknown mineral, a mineral he named strontianite (SrCO3). Strontium was first isolated by Sir Humphry Davy, an English chemist, in 1808 through the electrolysis of a mixture of strontium chloride (SrCl2) and mercuric oxide (HgO). Strontium reacts vigorously with water and quickly tarnishes in air, so it must be stored out of contact with air and water. Due to its extreme reactivity to air, this element always naturally occurs combined with other elements and compounds. Strontium is very
Holmium is a chemical element and is the sixty seventh element on the periodic table. It is located in Period six and it is a member of the lanthanide group. It was discovered in 1879 by a Swedish chemist named Per Theodor Cleve. Like Carl Gustaf Monsander who discovered the elements lanthanum, erbium and terbium Theodor also used similar strategy's to find contaminants in the oxides of uncommon earth elements. He first looked at the oxide of erbium and was able to split it into two types of materials one being brown and the other green. This in turn caused Theodor to find the oxide of holmium (it was the brown material which is known as holmia) and this was how the element holmium was discovered.
The periodic table contains many different kinds of elements which are placed accordingly on the table. Potassium is in the alkali metals which is placed in group 1 of the table, alkali metals are among the most active metals. This element was found in 1801 by a man named Humphry Davy. Although the element does not have many uses in pure form as a compound it has many important purposes. Potassium is naturally in the human body if levels become too low or too high then it could cause problems for the individual. Low levels of potassium could cause muscle problems such as cramping and the muscle feeling weak, the person could have a hard time walking or holding onto objects. A serious concern would be the effects on the heart as it causes blood pressure to increase and abnormal heart rhythms.
The first modern periodic table wasn’t published until the middle of the twentieth century. Dr. Glenn Seaborg discovered plutonium in 1940 - this lead to the detection of all of the transuranic elements from 94 to 102. Because of his work, Dr....
Potassium is a solid silvery white element. It is soft and can be cut with a knife. Potassium is the least dense known metal, besides lithium. It is the seventh most abundant element. It makes up about 1.5% by weight of the earth's crust. It decomposes in water because of the hydrogen. It usually catches fire during reaction with water.
Cadmium, symbol, Cd, is a silvery white metallic chemical element with a faint blue tinge to it. It is the fifty-seventh most commonly found element in the earth. It was discovered by F. Stromeyer, in 1817, in Germany. Stromeyer was studying a sample of zinc carbonate which separated into a the new element ultimately called cadmium. The only cadmium materials, greenockite (cadmium sulfide) and otavile (cadmium carbonate) are found in zinc oxide and zinc carbonate.
The X-43A aircraft was a small unpiloted test vehicle with a length of 3.7 m. The vehicle had a lifting body design i.e. the aircraft body could generate a significant amount of lift, instead of being dependent on wings. The weight of the aircraft was approximately 3,000 pounds (about 1,300 kilograms). The X-43A was designed so that it could be fully controlled in high-speed flight, even while it is in the glide phase without any thrust generation. However, the aircraft was not designed for the landing phase. The test vehicles crashed into the Pacific Ocean when the test was over and nothing could be salvaged.
Over 11 million light-years away from our tiny home planet is a massive galaxy named Centaurus A. This galaxy is one of the many located within the constellation, Centaurus. The image that I chose is of the center of Centaurus A but in this paper I will focus on the whole galaxy as well as the nucleus. In this paper I will be stating why I chose this image, sharing background information on this galaxy, what makes this galaxy so unusual, and the different stars and formations that have been discovered within this galaxy.
Beryllium is a naturally occurring element, it’s found in rocks and soil, especially in beryl and bertrandite rock. It was discovered by a chemist named Vaquelin in 1798. It is the fourth element of the periodic table. The purified beryllium is a grey, extremely lightweight and hard metal, it is a good conductor of electricity and heat, and is non-magnetic. (Studios, 2017) [7] Beryllium is used in high-technology products, such as aerospace components, transistors, nuclear reactors, and golf clubs. ("Beryllium health and environment", 2017) [1] Emerald is an exquisite form of beryllium mineral having traces of chromium that add a green hue to the stone. ("Beryllium", 2017) [2]
The Periodic Table of Elements is commonly used today when studying elements. This table’s history begins in ancient times when Greek scientists first started discovering different elements. Over the years, many different forms of the periodic table have been made which set the basis for the modern table we use today. This table includes over 100 elements and are arranged by groups and periods. Groups being vertical columns and periods being horizontal columns. With all of the research conducted over the years and the organization of this table, it is easy to use when needed.
The Amethyst is my absolute favorite stone and always has been. Ever since I was young, I have been drawn to it. As purple is my favorite color and I just can’t seem to stay away from it, I love the vibrancy the color of the Amethyst gives off. It seems to me like a source of solace, and when I have one close in a time of need, it gives me the feeling of being wrapped in a comforting blanket. As it feels this way, I am sometimes tempted to put it against my face, as you would a childhood stuffed animal or blanket. For some reason, Amethyst continuously sparks a fire of admiration in me and this is why I have chosen to do my research paper on the matter.