Every human has a natural tendency to organize. The periodic table is a perfect example of how organization betters the scientific world. Much like a poem, it tells a significant amount of information in a condescended fashion. With this map of the basic elements of the universe, we can find out how many electrons the element has and how much it weighs. Each element has its own separate set of such data; no two elements are the same. Attempts to organize the elements began in the late 1800’s. At this time, about sixty elements were known. Much advancement would have been impossible if the basic model of the atom was discovered. Great progress came from Dmitri Medeleev – a Russian chemist. His first draft of a periodic table was only the product of him attempting to summarize his knowledge of the elements. Although not all of Medeleev’s ideas were one-hundred percent accurate, they created a solid base to build upon. Marie and Pierre Curie; a married couple from Paris were successors of Medeleev. Their interests were radioactivity and discovered radium. The true pioneers of the periodic table were Ernest Rutherford and James Chadwick. Rutherford formed the hypothesis that, “An atom must have a concentrated positive center charge that contains most of the atom’s mass.” Following Rutherford, Chadwick exposed a segment of the nucleus that was had no charge: the neutron. With the basic knowledge of the structure of an atom, the tedious work of putting the rest of the puzzle together continued. The first modern periodic table wasn’t published until the middle of the twentieth century. Dr. Glenn Seaborg discovered plutonium in 1940 - this lead to the detection of all of the transuranic elements from 94 to 102. Because of his work, Dr.... ... middle of paper ... ... only has two electrons in its outer shell then how is it a noble gas? Even though it only has two electrons, in its mind, it is already full. Therefor content which makes it a noble gas. Mendeleev knew his rough draft of a periodic table would be expanded. With that in mind, he left gaps in his table and predicted the characteristics of elements that scientists would eventually uncover. Currently, atomic numbers 115 and 117 are the only gaps left. To think about all the time that went into composing a chart that can tell you about any atom around you is simply mind blowing. Not only was it necessary to organize all of the data but the data itself had to be uncovered. A simple table on a piece of laminated paper took hundreds of years of fine tuning and trial and error. That is what makes the periodic table so special and is why it should not be taken for granted.
When designing my periodic table, I probably looked up a million websites. I used Wikipedia, horses.animal-world.com, and horses.petbreeds.com. I used the petbreeds website for my information, the animal-world website for deciding the categories, and Wikipedia for deciding which horse breeds go in which category. But those were just for my final draft. Before that, I organized in about 3-5 different ways, trying to find the most efficient way of having the most elements and have then going from left to
Just as the title of the chapter suggests, the main focus of Chapter 11 is how elements found on the Periodic Table are not always what they appear. Kean begins this chapter with describing how elements can be unpredictable in some conditions, and uses example from the past to...
The best-selling novel, The Disappearing Spoon, is written by Sam Kean. The book revolves around the periodic table. It goes into such depth of the table, it is literally an adventure historically, politically, and scientifically. Not to mention, it is relevant to what has been learned this school year, which is what I’ll be talking about in this paper. The book is extremely helpful in learning the periodic table of elements, which is an imperative tool to have when studying physical science or chemistry, for example. It fills an unknown void of what the table is, solving mysteries as the chapter progresses.
Oxygen is the first element on the Oxygen group. That is why the name of the group is named the Oxygen group. It has eight electrons total. It has six in its outer electron cloud. According to the octet rule, the oxygen will want to gain two more electrons to fill its outer shell with eight. Oxygen is also one of th...
Every minute and day our world in radical changes to see new things on the way of discoveries of to makes the life easy. It is true to focus on today science the way of the real-life more sophisticated by each element of the periodic table the open secret. We incredible material variety, as we know everything the stare, the planet, and life itself. According to the PBS NOVA I was watching the amazing documentary film that is written, produced and directed by Chris Schmidt, but presented by the host David Pogue. David say’s a lot of things on his almost two hours (1:53) film about the “Hunting the Elements.” With the main points or concepts like the elements, compounds, atoms, periodic table, noble gases,
On the periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods, and the Vertical columns are called groups. Elements that are in the same row have something in common. Elements in the same period have the same number of atomic shells. Every element in the top row has one shell for its electrons. The second row has two shells for their electrons. Now, the most shells for one element is seven. Less specific groups are called families. Families are grouped by their chemical properties and how the elements react with the outside world. The columns in the periodic table are mostly used to make families. A family of elements can be found in many different ways. An isotope is an atom that is missing or that has an extra neutron.
In 1790 a discovery was made by an Irish Chemist named Adair Crawford. This discovery was the thirty-eighth element on the periodic table, Strontium. Its name comes from the town Strontian, Scotland where it was discovered. Strontium is a metal and belongs to the alkaline earth metals. “The alkaline earth elements are metallic elements found in the second group of the periodic table. All alkaline earth elements have an oxidation number of +2, making them very reactive. Because of their reactivity, the alkaline metals are not found free in nature” (Bentor). Being in period number five, Strontium has an atomic number of thirty eight which represents the number of protons in the nucleus. There are approximately eight-seven point sixty-two protons and neutrons in the atom which gives Strontium its atomic mass. Another way that Strontium can be represented is through its symbol Sr.
2 Elements are substances that cannot be broken down further into simpler substances by chemical means. There are currently 103 known elements from which all matter that exists is made. And they each have their own atomic number based ...
The Disappearing Spoon, by Sam Kean, calls attention to parallels among various groups and subsets of elements, what these elements are useful for, and the history behind them, using a profusion of historical examples, and personal anecdotes to back up and validate his claims. The author, Sam Kean has had an affinity for the Periodic Table of the Elements from a very young age. The time he spent goggling at mercury from broken thermometers, as well as his study of the elements in recreational reading as well as college texts, gave Kean the general interest and aptness to write this novel. Chapter 7 of the book, Extending the Table, Expanding
The table is very useful for students and scientists because it helps predict the types of chemical reactions and looking at the table tells you a lot about whether it conduct electricity, whether the element is hard or soft, and many other characteristics. The periodic table is one of the most important tools in chemistry history. It describes the atomic properties like the atomic mass, atomic number, and the relationships between the elements. The elements are arranged by groups and periods. The elements are group in particular groups and periods because it lets me know if the element has similar or different characteristics than another element. The periodic table describes every element known to man which is incredible because it tells us which element is dangerous. Each element has its own data which is the atomic mass and atomic number. If a person does not know which element he is holding, he can use the atomic number and the atomic mass to identify the substance. The element also has information that let a person know how the element will react. However, if a new element is discovered the new element can be compared to the other elements on the periodic table to see if it is similar to all the other
"The Parts of the Periodic Table." The Parts of the Periodic Table. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 Nov. 2013. .
In 1908, Ernest Rutherford, a former student of Thomson's, proved Thomson's raisin bread structure incorrect. Rutherford’s most important discovery was he postulated the nuclear structure of the atom. Ernest said that a atom is made up mostly of gas and it has a nucleus inside of the atom. A big part of science now is atomic structure. An atom is made up of three parts, protons, electrons, and neutrons. Atoms are the basis for everything in the universe. The importance of the atomic theory is so that all scientist use the same basis to find things out. One of the most remarkable features of atomic theory is that to this day after hundreds of years of research not a single person has discovered a single atom. Some of the best microscopes have been able to see groups of atoms, but no actual picture of a single atom yet exists. The atomic theory can be used to explain many of the ideas in chemistry in which ordinary people are interested. Niels Bohr proposed an improvement, he found out that electrons move in a definite orbit around the Nucleus like the planet. These energy levels are located certain distances from the Nucleus. According to today's atomic theory, electrons don’t orbit in neat planet like orbits, but move at high speeds in an electron cloud around the nucleus. Electrons spin around the nucleus billion times in one second, they do not randomly move though, it depends on how much energy the atom
Major Scientist- Dmitri Mendeleev (1834-1907)- Mendeleev was born in 1834. He graduated from St. Petersburg prior to moving to Heidelberg to make his own lab. He then returned to St. Petersburg and become a professor. In 1860, he began his work on the periodic table. He organized the elements by their atomic mass. When he saw a gap in the table he left space, predicting new elements would be discovered. Due to this important table, Mendeleev was awarded the Davy and Copley medal of the Royal Society.
Each element is one electron of having a full valence shell and they all have 5 electrons in their P shell.
Scientists from earlier times helped influence the discoveries that lead to the development of atomic energy. In the late 1800’s, Dalton created the Atomic Theory which explains atoms, elements and compounds (Henderson 1). This was important to the study of and understanding of atoms to future scientists. The Atomic Theory was a list of scientific laws regarding atoms and their potential abilities. Roentagen, used Dalton’s findings and discovered x-rays which could pass through solid objects (Henderson 1). Although he did not discover radiation from the x-rays, he did help lay the foundations for electromagnetic waves. Shortly after Roentagen’s findings, J.J. Thompson discovered the electron which was responsible for defining the atom’s characteristics (Henderson 2). The electron helped scientists uncover why an atom responds to reactions the way it does and how it received its “personality”. Dalton’s, Roentagen’s and Thompson’s findings helped guide other scientists to discovering the uses of atomic energy and reactions. Such applications were discovered in the early 1900’s by using Einstein’s equation, which stated that if a chain reaction occurred, cheap, reliable energy could b...