Also known as the oxygen family, chalcogens are sulfur (S), selenium (Se), tellurium(Te), and polonium (Po). Oxygen (O) is also in group 16, where chalcogens are located on the periodic table. While it is defined as a chalcogen, oxygen and oxides are often separated from chalcogens because its chemical behavior is much different than that of the other elements in the group. The other elements in the group show similar patterns in their electron configurations resulting in similar chemical behavior. The name chalcogen means "ore former," derived from the Greek words chalcos: ore and -gen: formation. An interesting fact is that oxygen is the most abundant element on Earth, second most in the Atmosphere, and third in the whole universe. It is colorless, odorless, tasteless, and very reactive. It’s name is derived from the latin words “oxy” and “gen” meaning “acid forming”. It can be found in the sun and plays a key role in energy production. Although in its natural state it is colorless, when in solid or liquid form, oxygen is a pale blue color. Before Leonardo da Vinci suggested that the air was made up of two different gases, air was thought of as its own element. Joseph Priestley is usually the one credited for discovering oxygen but Carl Wilhelm Scheele also reported it. Sulfur on the other hand, has a yellow color and can come in many different forms. It is often used in rubber and gunpowder. Sulfur is also the tenth most abundant element in the universe. Because it is found in many other minerals, Antoine Lavoisier had to convince the other scientists of his time that sulfur was its own element. Its name is derived from the ancient names for the element. Most sulfur is found in sulfuric acid which is used in many things such as...
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"The Parts of the Periodic Table." The Parts of the Periodic Table. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 Nov. 2013. .
Chemistry Explained." Chalcogens. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Nov. 2013. http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Ce-Co/Chalcogens.html#b "Oxygen - O." Oxygen (O). N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Nov. 2013. http://www.lenntech.com/periodic/elements/o.htm "Sulphur - S." Sulphur (S). N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Nov. 2013. http://www.lenntech.com/periodic/elements/s.htm "Selenium - Se." Selenium (Se). N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Nov. 2013. http://www.lenntech.com/periodic/elements/se.htm "Tellurium - Te." Tellurium (Te). N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Nov. 2013. http://www.lenntech.com/periodic/elements/te.htm "Polonium - Po." Polonium (Po). N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Nov. 2013.
http://www.lenntech.com/periodic/elements/po.htm
The best-selling novel, The Disappearing Spoon, is written by Sam Kean. The book revolves around the periodic table. It goes into such depth of the table, it is literally an adventure historically, politically, and scientifically. Not to mention, it is relevant to what has been learned this school year, which is what I’ll be talking about in this paper. The book is extremely helpful in learning the periodic table of elements, which is an imperative tool to have when studying physical science or chemistry, for example. It fills an unknown void of what the table is, solving mysteries as the chapter progresses.
The Beryllium element, an alkaline earth metal which belongs to group II of the periodic table, was first discovered in 1798 by L.M. Vauquelin. Vauquelin,a French chemist, was doing work with aluminum and noticed a white powder that was nothing like that of aluminum or any of its derivatives. Vauquelin named this mystery powder, gluinium because of its sweet taste was like that of glucose. In 1828, Wohler, a German metallurgist reduced it to its metallic form and renamed it beryllium.(figure 2)
Sulfur goes back to the ancient times but it was called brimstone. In 1979, a French chemist named Antoine Lavoisier recognized sulfur was an element and added it to his list of elements. The element sulfur is considered a nonmetal and is the 10th most abundant element in the universe. On the periodic table sulfur is in group sixteen and it is a representative element. Sulfur has an atomic mass of 32.07 with an atomic number of 16. There are three energy levels for sulfur the first energy level is two, the second energy level is eight, and the third energy level is six.
Sulfur dioxide is a colorless gas which with a pungent odor. It will become liquid form when under pressure (heat) and will dissolves in water very fast or easily. The primary sources of sulfur dioxide are comes mainly from some activities such as burning of fossil fuel to provide electric power, process of making steel, coal-burning and others. However, it can also be released from the natural volcanic activity or volcanic eruption to the air. This gaseous can easily pose a threat to the living things such as human, animal and plant.
From the Greek word "lithos" meaning "stone", it was so named due to the fact that it was discovered from a mineral source; whereas the other two common Group 1 elements, Sodium and Potassium, were found in plant sources. Its symbol, Li, was taken directly from its name. Soon after stumbling upon Lithium, Arfvedson also found traces of the metal in the minerals Spodumene and Lepidolite. In 1818, C.G. Gmelin discovered that Lithium salts color flames a bright red. Neither, Gmelin or Arfvedson, however, were able to isolate the element itself from the Lithium salts. They both tried to reduce the oxide by heating it with Iron or Carbon, but neither met with the success of W.T. Brande and Sir Humphrey Davy. They managed to perform the first isolation of elemental Lithium by the electrolysis of Lithium oxide. Electrolysis is a chemical reaction, which is brought about by the passage of current from an external energy source such as a battery. In 1855, the scientists Bunsen and Mattiessen isolated larger quantities of the metal by electrolysis of Lithium chloride.
Based on the new element that he saw by its bright green emission line, he chose the name of the element using the Greek word “thallos” means "a young, green shoot" or "twig." He continued his study of thallium for so many years, succeeding in differentiating it, by characterizing the properties of its compounds. Especially after a long delay, in 1873, he has been able to get the atomic weight of his new element “Thallium”.
Oshun rules over rivers, love, romance, gold, pregnancy, witchcraft, healing, weight loss love, fertility, relationship, and love or wishing spells. When individuals have writer block, Oshun is an excellent Loa to petition. She is also who we go to for spells in money matters. She is the youngest of the female Orishas, but maintains the honor of Great Queen. Oshun heals with her sweet water and honey, infused with her spiritual power. They say Oshun saved the world by seducing Ogun and tempting him to go back the woods. Oshun is a messenger from Olodumare. For this purpose no matter what Orisha governs their head, all who are admitted as priests, have to go to the river and give statement to Oshun.
Primo Levi’s The Periodic Table is an autobiographical memoir in which Mr. Levi -an esteemed chemist- uses different elements to represent separate aspects of his life. The book molds fiction and memoir which he connects all through his study of chemistry either metaphorically or literally through his study of these elements in the lab. Specific elements connect to his Childhood and young adulthood as well as through his time in the Auschwitz concentration camp. What makes the memoir extremely unique is how it uses different elements both as literal objects he used in chemistry and also the comparisons and metaphor he creates between characters and the elements he titles the chapters. The main uses of elements in The Periodic Table are; comparisons between characters, representation of his current
The Periodic Table is based around the Atomic Theory. Firstly people believed that everything was made up the four elements Earth, Fire, Wind, and Water. This theory evolved into everything being made up of atoms. Breakthroughs throughout history such as the discoveries of the nucleus, protons, neutrons and electrons have pushed this theory forward to where it is today.
In Chemistry, Neodymium is one of the 118 elements found on Mendeleev’s Periodic Table. An element is a substance that is made entirely from one type of atom and is then advantageously placed in the periodic table which categorizes all elements of the universe. Neodymium was discovered to have a “twin element” and is used for anything from high-powered fans to cellular phones.
The modern periodic table is very much like a later table by Meyer, but arranged, by Mendeleev’s, but it had to be according to the size of the atomic weight. The only thing though that was made by Mendeleev’s was Group 0, which was then added by Ramsay.
The writings of some Greek philosophers may be considered to be among the very first chemical theories, such as the theory that all things are composed of air, earth, fire, and water. Each of these were represented by different elements, such as sulfur, salt, mercury, and, ideally, gold. Other ideas held by alchemists were that each of the known elements were represented by heavenly bodies. Gold was earth's representation of the sun, silver for the moon, mercury for the planet Mercury, copper for Venus, iron for Mars, tin for Jupiter, and lead for Saturn.
The Periodic Table of Elements is commonly used today when studying elements. This table’s history begins in ancient times when Greek scientists first started discovering different elements. Over the years, many different forms of the periodic table have been made which set the basis for the modern table we use today. This table includes over 100 elements and are arranged by groups and periods. Groups being vertical columns and periods being horizontal columns. With all of the research conducted over the years and the organization of this table, it is easy to use when needed.
Carbon is one of the basic elements of matter (Bush 1230-1231). The name carbon comes from the Latin word "carbo" meaning charcoal.Carbon is the sixth most abundant element (Gangson). More than 1,000,000 compounds are made from carbon(Carbon (C)). "The Element Carbon is defined as a naturally abundant non-metallic element that occurs in many inorganic and in all organic compounds, exists freely as graphite and diamond and as a constituent of coal, limestone, and petroleum, and is capable of chemical self-bonding to form an enormous number of chemically, biologically, and commercially important molecules." Carbon is used in diamonds, petroleum oil, radiocarbon dating, smoke detectors, kerosine, gasoline, carbon fiber. (Alcin).