Lithium—The Element
Lithium (Li), the third element on the periodic table, has a soft texture and a silver-white color. This element has an atomic number of three, and is located on the periodic table in the second period of the first group. In addition to being the first alkali metal on the periodic table, lithium is also the lightest metal; its weight is about 6.941 atomic mass units (AMU). Because it is a metal, lithium is mainly used in ionic bonds. Its common compounds include lithium hydride (LiH), lithium nitride (Li3N), lithium carbonate (Li2CO3), lithium hydroxide (LiOH), and lithium fluoride (LiF). Lithium is the thirty-third most abundant element and makes up a very small portion of the Earth’s crust. However, due to its high reactivity, it does not naturally occur in its pure form.
Just like many other scientific discoveries, the discovery and isolation of lithium was a group effort. In 1817, a Swedish scientist by the name of Johan Arfwedson was the first person to discover Lithium. While doing an analysis on the mineral petalite in 1817, Arfwedson found this soft, silver-white element. Jons Jakob Berzelius, another Swedish chemist, named the element the Greek name “lithos.” Later on, the element’s name was then changed to lithium. Although lithium had finally been discovered, none of the aforementioned scientists were able to isolate pure lithium without it being attached to its salts. It was not until 1821 when two English chemists by the names of Sir Humphrey Davy and William Thomas Brande isolated lithium by electrolyzing lithium oxide (LiO2).
Since its discovery, lithium has been primarily used in batteries, in chemical synthesis, and in alloys and glass. Although lithium is used in everyday things we use, l...
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Aluminum is the third most abundant element and most abundant metal in the Earth’s crust. Aluminum is never found in the free element state in nature. It
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Lithium has an atomic number of 3, and an atomic weight of 6.94. In general, lithium is more stable than hydrogen, and slightly less stable than nitrogen, carbon, and oxygen. When looking at chemical ion properties, it is useful to consider three main characteristics: the size, or radius, of the ion, the charge, and the ion's electron affinity. Lithium has a similar charge to radius ratio to that of magnesium, which is in group IIA of the periodic table, and so chemists say that the two elements are "chemically similar.
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