Science- Calcium
Calcium is the 20th element of the periodic table. It is a metallic element that is greyish-silver in colour and has the atomic symbol of Ca. It is a group 2 alkaline earth metal and is the 5th most abundant element by mass in earth’s crust. It is also reactive with water and is relatively soft. It is an essential element for organisms, and is major material that is used in the materialisation of teeth, bone and shells. It is also the most abundant metal located within animals.
1. When and how the element was discovered including who discovered it and the circumstances and/or investigations that lead to them discovering the element?
Calcium was discovered in 1808 by Humphry Davy, who was a major contributor in the field of
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How was it named?
It is unknown when people first knew about calcium and when people used compounds of calcium. Limestone is a compound of calcium and Limestone was usually used for buildings. The common name for limestone is calcium carbonate. Early Greeks and ancient Egyptians used mortar which was made from heated limestone. It was named for its natural occurrence in limestone with was a common building material, which in itself is an oxide of calcium with the molecular formula being CaCO3. The Latin name for limestone being calx, hence
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It is also a good conductor of electricity and is very soft and can get scratched easily. The density of Calcium is 1.54g/cm3, the boiling point is 1484°C and its melting point is 839°C. Calcium is malleable, ductile, and is relatively solid at room temperature. It has 6 isotopes, its compounds include limestone, marble and gypsum. Calcium is highly reactive with acid and reacts with water quickly at first but then slows down. Calcium is also flammable. Calcium has an atomic mass 40.078 which means it has 20 protons and 20 neutrons. It is located in the alkaline earth metals group on the periodic table which is the second row from the left. It’s located there since it shares similar properties with other elements in its
This paper describes the methods used in the identification, investigation of properties, and synthesis of an unknown compound. The compound was identified as calcium nitrate by a variety of tests. When the compound was received, it was already known to be one of twelve possible ionic compounds. The flame test identified the presence of the calcium anion in the compound. The compound tested positive for the nitrate cation using the iron sulfate test. At this point it was hypothesized that the compound was calcium nitrate. Reactivity tests and quantitative analysis comparing the unknown compound with calcium nitrate supported this hypothesis. Synthesis reactions were then carried out and analyzed.
Strontium was discovered by Adair Crawford, an Irish chemist, in 1790 while studying the mineral witherite (BaCO3). When he mixed witherite with hydrochloric acid (HCl), he did not get the results he expected. He assumed that his sample of witherite was contaminated with an unknown mineral, a mineral he named strontianite (SrCO3). Strontium was first isolated by Sir Humphry Davy, an English chemist, in 1808 through the electrolysis of a mixture of strontium chloride (SrCl2) and mercuric oxide (HgO). Strontium reacts vigorously with water and quickly tarnishes in air, so it must be stored out of contact with air and water. Due to its extreme reactivity to air, this element always naturally occurs combined with other elements and compounds. Strontium is very
and opened doors for later scientists that were in his field of organic synthesis. He was a
Calcium and Potassium modifications are specialized individual according to a specific disease, age and inadequate amounts of calcium or potassium higher or lower than normal value.
In 1817, an aging Swedish chemist was pouring over his work on a late afternoon in Stockholm, Sweden. He was analyzing a strange ore named Petalite that had been procured from an island off the coast of Sweden called Utö. The ore Petalite (which is now recognized to be LiAl(Si2O5)2) had been discovered by a Brazilian scientist, José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva towards the end of the 18th century on a visit to Sweden. This Swedish scientist, Johann August Arfvedson, detected traces of an unknown substance in his sample of Petalite. This was the first discovery of Lithium.
Mr. Cronstedt discovered nickel in a mineral called niccolite. He originally planned to extract copper from this new mineral but got none at all. This is why nickel, at first, was called "false copper". Instead, Cronstedt got a silvery-white metal, which was eventually used for other things.
It was discovered by Sir Humphrey Davy in England, in 1807. Sir Davy was able to isolate potassium using electrolysis. Potassium was the first metal isolated by this procedure. Today, it is still not found free in nature. It is obtained by electrolysis of chloride or hydroxide.
Uranium, a radioactive element, was first mined in the western United States in 1871 by Dr. Richard Pierce, who shipped 200 pounds of pitchblende to London from the Central City Mining District. This element is sorta boring but I found something interesting, they used it to make an an atomic bomb in the Cold War. In 1898 Pierre and Marie Curie and G. Bemont isolated the "miracle element" radium from pitchblende. That same year, uranium, vanadium and radium were found to exist in carnotite, a mineral containing colorful red and yellow ores that had been used as body paint by early Navajo and Ute Indians on the Colorado Plateau. The discovery triggered a small prospecting boom in southeastern Utah, and radium mines in Grand and San Juan counties became a major source of ore for the Curies. It was not the Curies but a British team working in Canada which was the first to understand that the presence of polonium and radium in pitchblende was not due to simple geological and mineral reasons, but that these elements were directly linked to uranium by a process of natural radioactive transmutation. The theory of radioactive transformation of elements was brilliantly enlarge in1901 by the New Zealand physicist Ernest Rutherford and the English chemist Frederick Soddy at McGill University in Montreal. At dusk on the evening of November 8, 1895, Wilhelm Rontgen, professor of physics at the University of Wurzburg in Germany, noticed a cathode tube that a sheet of paper come distance away. He put his hand between the tube and the paper, he saw the image of the bones in his hand on the paper.
v Moles of Ca(OH)2 = the number of moles of HCl / 2 (as the ratio is 2
Calcium helps make bones strong and dense. Calcium is not made in the body so the body has to get it from the bones. When calcium is low bones will release less calcium into the blood stream.
Calcium is essential to normal functioning in a healthy individual; this only leaves the question of where to get it. There are many sources available to meet daily requirements, two of which are dairy products and supplemental vitamins. Both of these options have qualities that make them appealing, so choosing might be difficult or even come to a middle ground. Some of the considerations to be made are: what calcium is, the types of calcium in each source, how much should be ingested daily, the body’s ability to absorb and tolerate calcium from the chosen source, and the interactions that might occur with other medicines and required daily nutrients. In both cases a decent nutritional diet still needs to be incorporated. It may seem like a simple choice between a couple of pills a day or 3-4 glasses of milk, but there is quite a bit more
The Periodic Table of Elements is commonly used today when studying elements. This table’s history begins in ancient times when Greek scientists first started discovering different elements. Over the years, many different forms of the periodic table have been made which set the basis for the modern table we use today. This table includes over 100 elements and are arranged by groups and periods. Groups being vertical columns and periods being horizontal columns. With all of the research conducted over the years and the organization of this table, it is easy to use when needed.
Ytterbium was discovered by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac, a Swiss chemist, in 1878 in Geneva Switerland. Named after Yterrby, a village in Sweden, it is one of nine elements discovered in the mineral yttria and one of four elements (yttrium, terbium, erbium, ytterbium) named after this town. Although other chemist such as Swiss chemists Lars Fredrik Nilson and Carl Gustaf Mosander, as well as, French
Opus caementicium or Roman concrete is a synthetic construction substance that’s composed of an aggregate, a binding agent, and water. In Rome’s case, as discovered by UC Berkley with the extensive analysis of a sample of Roman concrete taken from a breakwater in Italy’s Pozzuoli Bay it was developed by using lime and volcanic rock which formed a mortar, the mortar and volcanic rock were then packed into wooden forms and when seawater was added a chemical reaction occurred, bonding everything together to create concrete (History, 2013). It is uncertain when Roman concrete was developed, but it was clearly in widespread and customary use from about 150 BC; some scholars believe it was developed a century before that.
Stone, one of the most common building material of ancient times, is an ubiquitous material. A sustainable growth in the consumption of stone is observed all over the world in the recent years. Various types of stone such as-granite, kota stone, marble, limestone, slate etc. are used in construction purposes. Marble/granite/kota stone has been commonly used as a building material since the ancient times.