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Importance of construction sustainability in general
Term paper on sustainability in construction
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• The fine-grained variety of limestone is known as Kota stone,It is usually available in the Kota district of Rajasthan state of India. Kota stones have the unique properties of limestones. They are very tough, non–water absorbent, non-slip, non-porous and have excellent stain removability. Moreover, their resistance to wear and delamination is higher than other stones. It is an excellent building stone for humid regions and freezing regions, The varieties include Kota Blue Natural, Kota Blue Honed, Kota Blue Polished, Kota Blue Cobbles, Kota Brown Natural and Kota Brown Polished. • Stone, one of the most common building material of ancient times, is an ubiquitous material. A sustainable growth in the consumption of stone is observed all over the world in the recent years. Various types of stone such as-granite, kota stone, marble, limestone, slate etc. are used in construction purposes. Marble/granite/kota stone has been commonly used as a building material since the ancient times. • In the building industry, Marble/kota stone has been commonly used for various purposes like flooring, cladding etc., as a building material since the ancient times. Marble/kota stone industry generates both solid waste and stone slurry. Whereas solid waste results from the rejects at the mine sites or at the processing units, stone slurry is a semi …show more content…
More than 1,500 marble mines are operating in the Aravallis in Rajasthan, Rajasthan boasts almost two-thirds of India’s mineable marble reserves, it is responsible for around 85% of the country’s total marble production. Indeed, the entire stretch of the Aravallis in lower Rajasthan is a vast depository of marble. Rajasamand, Ramganj mandi, jhalawar, Udaipur, kota and Banswara districts contribute over half the state’s marble output. The marble reserves in India are estimated at 1,200 million tons, with Rajasthan accounting for 91% of the
This website provides an overview of the use of stone in Ancient Egyptian civilisations, discussing their ability to cut stone, the use of stone in
Quartzite is a non-foliated metamorphic rock. This rock is intrusive and forms when exposed to extreme amounts of heat and pressure. Over a billion years ago, there was an ocean where Kamiak Butte is. This ocean floor was made of sand, as time went on oceans receded and the exposed sand underwent processes that turned it into sandstone – or as we learned in class the process of lithification. Years later, this sandstone would morph into the quartzite that is present now.2
This paper will review the origins and geology of the Stone Mountain monolith in North Georgia, the history of the area and people and groups who have utilized the site for social and commercial purposes.
The first permanent stone fortifications was built in Jericho. They constructed the building using roughly shaped stones laid without mortar (Kleiner, 24). Once Jericho’s inhabitants left their site, a different group of people came to settle there. They used different techniques, “…established a farming community of rectangular mud-brick houses on stone foundations with plastered and painted floors and walls” (Kleiner, 25). The megalithic tomb in Ireland was built in the form of a passage grave. “At Newgrandge, the huge megaliths forming the vaulted passage and the dome are held in place by their own weight without mortar, each stone countering the thrust o neighboring stones. Decorating some of the megaliths are incised spirals and other motifs” (Kleiner, 27). The main chamber used early examples of corralled vaulting and in addition the Newgrandge tomb illuminates sunlight through the passage and the burial chamber during the winter solstice. Nearing the end of the fourth millennium BCE, Neolithic civilization had spread in every diffraction even to small remote areas. “…Hagar Quim is one of many constructed on Malta between 3200 and 2500 BCE” (Kleiner, 27).The builders of Malta constructed the temple by pilling cut stone blocks very carefully in stacked horizontal rows. “To construct the doorways at Hagar Qim, the builders employed the post-and-lintel system in which two upright stones
All naturally occurring stone arches are formed by the selective erosion of rock, but the terms by which this can occur are massive. Among the most frequent types of formation are wave action and lava flow. During wave action, water crashes constantly upon the rock, effectively accelerating erosion while sediment carried by the water is extremely abrasive, removing bits of rock. When lava flow occurs, the outermost la...
...y comes from the Balcones Escarpment. Larger crushed rock from this area is used as a base layer for roads and buildings, to protect them from the shifting soils. Very pure limestone is procesed into lime, wich is then used in a wide variety of agricultural, industrial, and construction activities. Other rocks crushed for building materials include basalt, used for railroad track beds, and marble, used for fancy terrazzo floors.
Figuring out the materials to create a monument with is a key part to establishing a new monument. The monuments should be made out of durable materials so they can be around and help people remember the past
Many different types of stone exist to create a nice contrast between your home and your other landscaping. It comes in a variety of different sizes and colors, leaving you with personalization options. Drip edge landscaping could also be a beautiful barrier between your home and your garden, or you could add nonporous garden décor throughout for a little flair.
Guisepi, Robert A. "The Stone Age." International World History Project. N.p., Jan. 2007. Web. 16 Mar. 2014. .
Building materials for housings in Roman and post-Roman times. Ward-Perkins begins by comparing the tiles used for roofing to pottery and how they were made in a similar process and sold like pottery. He discussed how tiles used in Roman times were common like pottery, and after post Roman time, the building material began to change, “. Every one of the building crafts introduced by the Romans, the mundane as well as the luxury ones, disappeared completely during the fifth century. All new buildings in the fifth and sixth centuries, whether in Anglo-Saxon or unconquered British areas, were either roofed in wood or thatch” (Ward-Perkins, 108).
In order to build this city, the Incans used stone tools, bronze tools, and chisels. The materials they used were mud, clay, adobe, and granite blocks. Each block weighed fifty tons! They would thatch the roofs with tree trunks and straw. After the buildings were constructed, the Incan people would smooth the stones with sand, mud, and clay to make the structures look polished.
Concrete is one of the most widely used construction material in the world. The reason for this is because concrete is strong, easy to make and can be molded into various shapes and sizes. Besides that, concrete is cheap, affordable and is readily mix.
In their page, Rocks or Idaho; Harvey, Jacqueline, Vita Taube, and Diana Boyackarth states that the earth contains three types of rocks: igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary rock makes up most of the rocks on the earth.The earth contains seventy five percent sedimentary rock. Seventy percent are sedimentary rocks that are on the earths surface, the other 5% is on the earths crust. Sedimentary rocks are formed in two main stages. First ocean waves, rivers, glaciers, wind or landslides transport loose, solid particles from weathering and erosion of preexisting rock. The particles are named sediment (Rocks of Idaho).
Now that I had a large collection of very solid rocks and possible hammer stones, I continued to hunt for and test different rocks for the bowl. After explaining these troubles of finding a soft enough rock to a friend, he offered to let me look through a pile of sandstone on his property. Since sandstone is a softer rock, I would be able to chip it into a functional, but still sturdy, bowl. I found a large but suitable in width slab, and threw one of the hard river rocks at it until I broke off a rea...
Mining is the process or industry of obtaining minerals from the earth. Topics in this paper I’ll be specifically discussing are pros and cons of mining, structures of a mine, mining in general, California gold rush, diamonds in Africa, and comparison of diamond and gold mines.