Bacterial growth is defined as the division of one bacterium, resulting in two identical cells. This process is referred to as the binary fission that doubles the bacteria population. All three cells are identical. The bacteria go through a growth spurt in order for it to survive and grow. In order to show a bacteria growth curve, scientists create a perfect habitat to predict the bacteria’s growth curve. The growth curve gives the scientists an idea of how certain bacteria will act and how to restrain its growth. There are four phases of the bacteria growth curve (Peck, M. (2012)).
The first phase is the lag phase. This is the phase in which bacteria will learn to adapt to certain conditions like moisture or heat. The bacteria will also mature during this phase and will not have the ability to divide and grow slowly. The bacteria will start synthesizing the necessary proteins, co-enzymes and vitamins needed for their growth. Because of this, there will be an increase in the lag phase. Likewise when a bacterium from a medium lacking in the proper nutrition is added to a nutritionally rich medium, the bacteria can adapt easily and start the cell division without delay (Peck, M. (2012)).
The second phase is the exponential phase also known as the log phase. This phase is known for its cell doubling. Everything is in place for the bacteria to start multiplying and doubling every few minutes. The doubling will continue at a consistent rate. This will ensure that both the number of cells and the rate of population increase. The actual rate of growth depends upon growth conditions. The frequency of cell division depends on the growth conditions as does the cells survival (Bacterial growth curve (2014)).
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...c resistance in bacteria is a problem when the antibiotic is widely used to treat diseases. Resistance to antibiotics can occur if bacteria with a changed gene is less susceptible to an antibiotic, and that antibiotic is around, the less susceptible (and more resistant) version of the bacteria is more likely to survive the antibiotic and continue to multiply. This is particularly likely to happen if the amount of antibiotic around isn't quite enough to kill all of the bacteria quickly -- as can happen if enough of the antibiotic isn’t taken as prescribed to keep its level in the body high, or if taking the antibiotic is stopped prematurely. An antibiotic must be taken exactly as prescribed and for as long as it was prescribed. Some of the targeted bacteria may still linger and continue to cause the illness (Anderson, Rosaleen Groundwater, Paul Todd, Adam (2012)).
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics has presented many problems in our society, including an increased chance of fatality due to infections that could have otherwise been treated with success. Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections, but overexposure to these drugs give the bacteria more opportunities to mutate, forming resistant strains. Through natural selection, those few mutated bacteria are able to survive treatments of antibiotics and then pass on their genes to other bacterial cells through lateral gene transfer (Zhaxybayeva, 2011). Once resistance builds in one patient, it is possible for the strain to be transmitted to others through improper hygiene and failure to isolate patients in hospitals.
Bacillus anthracis is a non-motile elongated rod-shaped bacterium that will generate dormant spores with or without oxygen. When the spores are exposed to high levels of carbon dioxide and warmth they adjust into a ro...
The aim of this experiment is to find out which side of a tree the
Bacteria are single celled microbes. Bacteria reproduce by binary fission. In this process, the bacterium, which is a single cell, divides into two identical daughter cells. Binary
Moreover, the next process of this disease starts when the reproduction of the bacteria slows. As the bacteria reproduce, the growth slows because they kill the surrounding and goes out of the cell to spread within them. In this state the bacteria can no longer reproduce but they can stay alive.
Talaro , K., & Chess, B. (2012). Foundations in microbiology. (8th ed., pp. 563-564). New York, NY:
Bacteria divides by binary fission, which means that the bacteria within its structures are doubled and then they are divided in half. Bacteria does not have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles. They do have DNA, but it does not look the same as in Eukaryotes. They also have a cell wall and they
During stage two the stage of adaptation. This phase is the stress what the body is exposed to, the different stressors. Changes at many levels take place in order to reduce the effect of the stressors.
This turn of events presents us with an alarming problem. Strains of bacteria that are resistant to all prescribed antibiotics are beginning to appear. As a result, diseases such as tuberculosis and penicillin-resistant gonorrhea are reemerging on a worldwide scale (1). Resistance first appears in a population of bacteria through conditions that favor its selection. When an antibiotic attacks a group of bacteria, cells that are highly susceptible to the medicine will die.
Lactic acid have more growth requirements than then normal bacteria since it was evolved in nutrient-rich environments. Lactic acid bacteria have diverse mechanisms for creating the energy needed to support and sustain biological activities. The availability of organic acid in the fruit can be important in allowing growth and metabolism. As lactic acid bacteria have the ability to produce large amount of acids, they often inhibit the development of other bacteria in juices and are able to cause their own autolysis. Excessive clarification and pre treatment of the fruit during the process of sending the fruit to the market which removes many of the natural yeasts and flora. The chemical compsition of juice also affect the rate of fermentation. Fruits generally tend to contain sufficient substrate (soluble sugars)that allow for the yeast and bacteria to fermented , so it can be said that because the fruits used did not show a very high increase in acidity it did not provide a sufficient substrate for the lactic acid bacteria that is present on the fruit to be used for fermentation.Temperature has an impact on the growth and activity of different strains of yeast. At temperatures of
Leboffe, M. J., & Pierce, B. E. (2010). Microbiology: Laboratory Theory and Application, Third Edition 3rd Edition (3rd Ed.). Morton Publishing
Prescott, Harley & Klein (1990) describe bacteria as prokaryotic cells (cells that lack a true membrane enclosed nucleus). Bacteria are both small and simple in structure; they usually are between o.5 and 5cmm yet they have many characteristic shapes and sizes. Some bacteria are circular or oval shaped, they are known as cocci bacteria. Other bacteria are rod-shaped, they are known as bacilli bacteria, and some bacteria are spiral and coil-shaped and it is know as spirilla bacteria.
In addition, since bacterial growth is affected by many other factors such as pH of the medium and age of the bacteria, these factors must be kept constant throughout the experiment to ensure the accuracy of the results.
There are many medical professionals who believe that the rise of antibiotic resistance is a result of the overuse and misuse of antibiotics. Dr. Jim Wilde, a paediatric emergency medicine physician at the Medical College of Georgia believes that the medical profession is losing the war against resistance...
During this phase the DNA aka “deoxyribose nucleic acid” clone then forms chromatin. Chromatin is the mass of genetic material that forms into chromosomes. Interphase is divided into smaller parts: G1 Phase, S phase and G2 Phase. Throughout all the phases, the cells continuously develop by producing mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and proteins. The actual division occurs during the S phase bur the G phases are mainly for the purpose of growing. Starting with the G1 phase the cell grows in preparation for certain intracellular components and DNA replication. This phase makes sure the cell is prepared for the process of DNA replication. It reviews the size and environment to ensure that is it ready to go, and cannot leave the G1 until it is complete. But what happens to a cell when it is not complete and cannot exit out of the phase? It will pause and transfer to phase G0. There’s no certain time to be in this phase but it will remain until it reaches the fitting size and is in a supportive surroundings for DNA replication. It will exit either G1 or G0 and there is no other way besides these. Then the cell will advance to the next phase which is the S phase. Synthesis, or more known as S phase is the section of the cell cycle when the DNA is wrapped into chromosomes then duplicated. This is a very important part of the cycle because it grants each of them that is created, to have the exact same genetic