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Sexuality in literature
Essay about modernism in literature
Essay about modernism in literature
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1. The author of this passage, Ezra Pound, is well-known as the founder of imagism. The movement came about in the early 20th century and was a reaction to Romanticism. Imagism favored simplicity, clear and precise expression, and to avoid abstraction through detailed visual images. Imagism writing rejected metered form and was usually short, free-verse. In this passage, Ezra Pound is emphasizing all of these ideals. Imagism writes almost in “instant” snapshots, and carries both emotional and intellectual force. Pound, by using the word ‘complex’, intends for the reader to understand that their Imagist writing should be a complex snapshot – one that has deeper meaning than what is on the surface.
He also encourages the image to take the
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He describes how “the women come and go / Talking of Michelangelo” (35-36), which brings the image of Michelangelo’s own strength and manliness. This contrasts with Prufrock’s timid and shy nature who can’t work up the nerve to ask a serious question; this evokes pity and sympathy in me and makes me feel bad for Prufrock. The lines “I have measured out my life with coffee spoons... To spit out all the butt-ends of my days and ways” describes how he sees his life flit by, tedious and boring, having always evaded serious decisions. This further emphasizes the sympathy I feel for Prufrock’s plight and the theme of passivity, seeing as how he regrets most of his life. Furthermore, he remembers the sharp, heartless gaze of the eyes that look at him as if they have already measured his worth. His sad circumstance is brought out by the image of a poor worm stuck to the wall by a sharp pin-point and wriggling there helplessly: “The eyes that fix you in a formulated phrase, And when I am formulated, sprawling on a pin, When I am pinned and wriggling on the wall, Then how should I begin” (55-59). In “The Waste Land”, the different poems that make up the greater work, although disjointed, create a sense of unity. I feel that the poems as a whole show the path that one person is going on that result in a kind of inner peace after they go through a moral …show more content…
Gertrude Stein, one of the United States’ most famous writers of the twentieth century, has contributed much towards American literature. Her writing from books like The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas and The Making of Americans discuss topics such as what is to be American, what it means to be a woman, and how people see and tell stories. She describes her own ordinary experiences but manages to draw out the uniqueness of her subjects. In addition, she would also experiment with writing through a “stream of consciousness”. This style of writing is typical of Modernists, and Stein’s writing help solidify Modernism as the new literary movement during the 1920s. In Tender Buttons, she also addresses lesbian sexuality and her own experiences with them, creating an opportunity to destigmatize non-heterosexual relationships. Stein also opened up her Paris home (known as the Stein Salon) to members of the “Lost Generation”, inviting them to have their writing reviewed and critiqued. In regards to one of Ernest Hemmingway’s manuscripts, Stein replied: “There is a good deal of description in this, and not particularly good description. Begin over again and concentrate”. These helpful criticisms surely aided and encouraged the writing of notorious authors like Hemmingway and F. Scott Fitzgerald, who produced some of the greatest novels of the
... the fluid backdrop of Modernism, the authors John Steinbeck and F. Scott Fitzgerald stand out with their rigid message. Going against culture, they push onward and tell the stories of people relying on those above them to save them from their incomplete lives at the tormenting bottom of the social ladder. The two authors pioneered this concept in literature and set a standard for others to follow. Not only is their standard set for all of literature to follow, but also those that hear its message in turn must do their job to help those below them. People of the new Modern Age must now take the ideas of these authors into consideration and explore the brotherly love that flows through us all.
Reading is an experience of art; without readers’ interaction, the meaning of any literary work is insufficient. “[Norman] Holland believes that we react to literary texts with the same psychological responses we bring to our daily life....That is, in various ways we unconsciously recreate in the text the world that exists in our mind.” (Tyson, 182) By telling a story that centers on the conflicts between two wealth young females whose personalities are distinctly different in the jazz age, Fitzgerald leads us on a journey of physical, and especially psychological transition of the protagonists through an omniscient narration. For female individuals, a tale emphasis on the youth,
Eliot and Kafka characterize their respective characters as having negative self-images, a prior lack of success, and as being fundamentally lonely. Prufrock views himself as undesirable, and his self-image seems to grow worse with age. While Prufrock has the chance early on to make something of his life, he sits in a room, presumably one in which there is a display of artwork, and “the women come and go / Talking of Michelangelo” (ll. 13-14). Prufrock goes by unnoticed next to what could be the beautiful works of Michelangelo. It can especially be presumed that he feels inadequate next to the Statue of David, a sculpture for which Michelangelo is famous. As time goes on, his feelings of inadequacy increase when he begins to fear what others will think of his aged appearance, for “They will say: ‘How his hair is growing thin!’” and “They will say: ‘But how his arms and legs are thin!’” (ll. 41, 44). Prufrock’s lack of self-confid...
Alfred Prufrock”indicates the spiritual emptiness and disillusionment of people , chaos, and futility of modern life and nothingness of human existence on a meaningless world. This is what the poet intends to disclose. And love songs, as many expect, must be very sweet and romantic. Love must be connected with something pleasant. Yet the love song of Prufrock seems very sentimental and sorrowful. The first stanza of the poem presents an unpleasant sight to us.“when the evening is spread out against the sky, Like a patient etherized upon a table”, Prufrock perceives the sunset as a patient oozing on the operation table. Through Prufrock’ s“stream of consciousness”,“ half-deserted streets, cheap hotel, dust restaurants”-the living conditions of the poor appear before him. The situations and the atmosphere are not in harmony with a real love song. This reveals the state of mind of Prufrock, who is not happy, but in a melancholy mood. There is a repetition of the line“In the room the women come and go Talking of Michelangelo”demonstrates the women of fashion pose as a lover of culture and show off their culture accomplishment. They pretend to be educated and converse with so-called civilized gentlemen to relieve their boredom. People in the genteel society in the party eat, drink, dance, and talk to kill much time. This description of the life of genteel society forms a sharp contrast to the poor district with its
In addition, authors frequently lack originality and simply take the reader on all-too-familiar voyages into politics, morals, or religion. Successful writers are those who risk and go on to write about topics that many times others have been less willing to address. The product of these extraordinary efforts is compositions richly enhanced by human feelings and real problems that we encounter and relate to our everyday lives…thought-provoking discussions about religion, philosophy, or politics. These pioneering authors are not afraid to write about evil, the perverse aspects of man, or even sexuality… Their true voices have risen from behind the words taking shape in the minds of the readers. Few have done this, but in the 19th Century two remarkable Americans produced compositions of unequal quality. Their styles and the way they approach the reader are different from t...
Prufrock’s insecurities make him feel like an outsider. “In the room the women come and go talking of Michelangelo.” He wants to approach the young
Spencer, Benjamin. "Gertrude Stein: Non-Expatriate." Literature and Ideas in America. Robert Falk, ed., Ohio UP, 1975.
“In the room the women come and go/talking of Michelangelo” 13/14 the speaker mentions repeats this twice, it’s the only conversation that sticks into his mind. To me this is suggesting he is not receiving the attention of these women. This makes speaker feel less confident maybe he does not have the same ‘Attractive’ looks compared The Statue of David. This gives the persona paranoia as he thinks he’s not sculpted to perfection. Another point to be made of this line, this standalone stanza has rhythm similar to a
In the beginning of the twentieth century, literature changed and focused on breaking away from the typical and predicate patterns of normal literature. Poets at this time took full advantage and stretched the idea of the mind’s conscience on how the world, mind, and language interact and contradict. Many authors, such as Fitzgerald, Steinbeck, and Twain, used the pain and anguish in first hand experiences to create and depict a new type of literature, modernism. In this time era, literature and art became a larger part of society and impacted more American lives than ever before. During the American modernism period of literature, authors, artists, and poets strived to create pieces of literature and art that challenged American traditions and tried to reinvent it, used new ways of communication, such as the telephone and cinema, to demonstrate the new modern social norms, and express the pain and suffering of the First World War.
Different speakers in "The Waste Land" mirror the disjointedness of modern experience by presenting different viewpoints that the reader is forced to put together for himself. This is similar to the disassociation in modern life in that life has ceased to be a unified whole: various aspects of 20th-century life -- various academic disciplines, theory and practice, Church and State, and Eliot's "disassociation of sensibilities," or separation of heart and mind -- have become separated from each other, and a person who lives in this time period is forced to shore these fragments against his or her ruins, to borrow Eliot's phrase, to see a picture of an integrated whole.
He does not ask questions such as a “Do I dare?” The poem also relates Prufrock’s shameful life to Dante’s Inferno. In regards to the fact that he is in a dark lonely place where his life has no meaning and has little sureness in himself. Dante’s is confined to hell, where Prufrock is living a lonely life within the city. Another reference to Dante’s Inferno quotes a false counselor in Hell who will tell his crime only to those he thinks will keep it a secret. Prufrock, too, would not want his story of his life to be known he wants to create “To prepare a face to meet the faces that you meet” but what he has to hide is insignificant. There is also reference to the Italian renaissance painter Michelangelo with the women coming and going talk to Michelangelo, that gets you to think that these women can be those of higher class. This may be in regards to the fact that Prufrock may be afraid of the fact that he will not fit the needs of these
In his poem "The Waste Land," T.S. Eliot employs a water motif, which represents both death and rebirth. This ties in with the religious motif, as well as the individual themes of the sections and the theme of the poem as a whole, that modern man is in a wasteland, and must be reborn.
...In "The Waste Land," Eliot delivers an indictment against the self-serving, irresponsibility of modern society, but not without giving us, particularly the youth a message of hope at the end of the Thames River. And in "Ash Wednesday," Eliot finally describes an example of the small, graceful images God gives us as oases in the Waste Land of modern culture. Eliot constantly refers back, in unconsciously, to his childhood responsibilities of the missionary in an unholy world. It is only through close, diligent reading of his poetry that we can come to understand his faithful message of hope.
On the most superficial level, the verbal fragments in The Waste Land emphasize the fragmented condition of the world the poem describes. Partly because it was written in the aftermath of World War I, at a time when Europeans’ sense of security as well as the land itself was in shambles, the poem conveys a sense of disillusionment, confusion, and even despair. The poem’s disjointed structure expresses these emotions better than the rigidity and clarity of more orthodox writing. This is evinced by the following from the section "The Burial of the Dead":
The Wasteland is a poem Eliot wrote after his divorce with his wife Vivienne Haighwood. Critics say the title of the poem, the wasteland, comes from his thoughts on his marriage. This poem is considered to be “one of the most difficult poems in a difficult literary period”. The Wasteland is a poem that is said to be of his most influential work. At first glance, critics considered the poem to be too modern but then opinions changed as they realized the poem reflected Eliot’s disillusionment with the moral decay of World War I in Europe. T.S. Eliot in The Wasteland combines theme, style, and symbolism to explore life and death.