examine, from which developed the Latin ending “scopium”, which has been used to form names for instruments that enable the eye or ear to make observation. An oscilloscope is a laboratory instrument that commonly used to display and analyze the waveform of electronic signals. This device draws a graph of signal voltage as a function of time. Oscilloscope usually have two-dimensional graph which electrical potential differences represent by Y-axis (vertical) and time represent by X-axis (horizontal)
and the rms value of the fundamental component. A total harmonics distortion is an evaluate of closeness in a shape between the output voltage waveform and its fundamental components. THD=√(E_rms^2-E_1^2 )/(E_rms^1 ) 2.1 (d) Distortion Factor (DF) A distortion factor shows the amount of harmonics that remain in the output voltage waveform, after the waveform has been subjected to second order attenuation. It is found as DF= √((∑_(n=2,3..)^∞▒(〖E_(n_rms )/n^2 〗^.)^2 )/E_(1_rms ) ) 3 HARMONICS REDUCTION
current flows. Experiment 2: Rectifiers convert an AC into a DC by allowing a current to flow through it in one direction only. There are two kinds of rectifiers, Half- wave: A half-wave rectifier allows only one half-cycle of the AC voltage waveform to be applied to the load, using one half cycle of the applied voltage, the other half cycle being suppressed because it conducts only in one
originate from the brainstem when a short stimulus is played to a patient’s ears. Results are extracted by recording electrical activity in the brain using electrodes that are placed on the scalp, which produce an EEG that consists of different waveforms but the background EEG is separated to detect only the auditory brainstem response. The stimulus presented to the patient is most commonly a click stimulus, which generates a response from the basilar region of the cochlea, as it produces waves that
classified according to the type of the input and output power • AC to DC (rectifier) • DC to AC (inverter) • DC to DC (DC-to-DC converter) • AC to AC (AC-to-AC converter) 1.2 AC to DC converter(rectifier) A rectifier is an electrical device that can converts alternating current into direct current. The process is known as rectification. Rectifiers have many uses, but mostly used as components of DC power supplies and high-voltage direct current power transmission system. Because of the alternating
software is fastest simulators for power electronics circuit. It is capable of simulate large and complex power converter and control systems in a short time. Further to development on design 4B, the circuit will be modified to improves in ripple waveform of output and improve the feedback circuit to control the output voltage. Furthermore, the converter is adopted based on measurement and comparison between power circuits in simulation time. Table of Content No. Description Page 1. Introduction
Monitoring the patient's electrocardiogram (ECG) in the MRI environment is mostly challenging because of the inherent distortion of the ECG waveform that happens using MR systems operating at high field strengths. The use of proper ECG electrodes for example those tested and estimated to be acceptable for patients is required to confirm patient safety and appropriate recording of the electrocardiogram
broadcasting as well as Internet streaming . There are several techniques of speech coding for example Linear Predictive Coding (LPC), waveform coding and subband coding (Abdul et.al ,2003). According to Gersho (1994), speech coding can be divided into two categories which are waveform coders and vocoders. The term vocoder is combination from voice and coder term. The waveform coder provides t... ... middle of paper ... ...016-1019 [4] Hussain et.al (2010). A Theory of Lossless Compression of High Quality
DESCRIPTION Video editing is the process of combining video footage from two or more recordings with audio from a recording system, and other images and audio files. It also includes adding text, animations, and graphics to a motion picture sequence to produce a single or series of motion pictures which can be viewed as a single concise presentation. PREPARATORY WORK Video editing requires that you have video footage that is to be edited. Place the video footage, audio files, and other resources
obtained by varying the DC input voltage and maintaining the gain of the inverter constant.[2] Voltage and current waveforms produced by inverters are never perfect sinusoids (even for sine wave inverters); therefore some harmonic currents are expected during normal system operation. Total harmonic distortion (THD) is a measure of the harmonic content in current and voltage waveform. The type of inverter used will depend on the load that it will serve. Resistive loads could tolerate square wave inverters
Introduction : In this chapter we take a close look at two important issues in text-to-speech synthesis, namely, prosody modeling and waveform generation, and present a review of popular techniques for the same. These two steps are important for generation of natural sounding speech. At the perceptual level, naturalness in speech is attributed to certain properties of the speech signal related to audible changes in pitch, loudness and syllabic length, collectively called prosody. Acoustically, these
producing loads are computers, adjustable speed drives, etc. Mitigation of harmonics can be done with the help of passive filters or active filters. Hybrid of active and passive filters also solves problems of harmonics. Figure 1.5 Distorted Current Waveform Due To Harmonics 1.3 SOURCES OF POWER QUALITY PROBLEMS Sources of PQ problems in all the fields such as domestic, commercial are industrial are closely related with power electronics. For example residential equipments such as PC’s and TV, office
Mode: Flinders Medical Centre’s preset mode for mechanical ventilation is Synchronised intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV). SIMV achieves a mandatory minute ventilation by, Mandatory controlled breathing Assisted breaths which are synchronised with a patient trigger Spontaneously triggered and patient controlled breaths often with assistance (Tol & Palmer 2010). Mandatory breaths deliver a preset volume over a set time, Synchronised breaths still give mandatory breaths which are preset
Medicine and electronics are rapidly becoming a common partnership. Electronics and medicine has been around for over a hundred years. This application can be seen in early X-ray machines, as well as early doctors and healers who felt that electricity possessed something special that assisted the healing process of many illnesses and injuries. But it has not been the last forty to fifty years that the development and refinement of electricity as medical agent has occurred. Today the medical field
structures can be used as CSIs, where the independently controlled ac output is a current waveform. These structures are widely used in medium-voltage applications, where good-quality voltage waveforms are required. Static power converters, mainly inverters, are constructed from power switches and the ac output waveforms are therefore constructed of discrete values. This leads to the formation of waveforms that features fast transition rather than smooth ones. Figure-1.1:
Contents Introduction 3 Fourier Series, Continuous Transform and Discreet Transform 3 it should be noted that the coefficients in the equations above are given as follows. 3 Application of DFT in power system relaying 7 10 Conclusion 10 References 10 Introduction The use of digital computers for power system relaying has been proposed long time ago in [1]. Discrete Fourier transform (DFT) was one of the first algorithms that have been proposed to be used in digital relaying. DFT has
This paper presents coupled inductor interleaved boost converter with LC filter for ripple free current. Based on the conventional coupled inductor interleaved boost converter, two coupled inductor and two LC filter is added to the proposed converter .So the proposed converter achieves reduced input and output current ripple. Hence the ripple ratio of input and output current is reduced. In order to verify that, a proposed converter of 12v input voltage and 24v output voltage operating at 50 khz
explain the basic concepts of subtractive synthesis and the terminology of subtractive synthesisers with reference to acoustic principles. Envolves An envolope is a tool that helps us automate aspects of a sound, It generates a slow and evolving waveform which can be used modulate different parameters of the synthesiser like volume, pitch and timbre. The ADSR envelopes stands for attack, decay, sustain and release. The Attack of an Envelope Is the time its takes for the sound to reach it's full volume
6. Practical Applications of PM and FM 1. Radio Transmitting Radio is device that use technology of using radio waves to transfer information, such as sound, by using the properties of electromagnetic energy waves transmitted through space, such as their phase, amplitude, frequency, or pulse width. If radio waves passing an electrical conductor, the oscillating fields induce an alternating current in the conductor. The information in the waves can be get back into its original form. Radio
transistor (IGBT) or silicon controlled rectifier (Thyristor), and is capable of switching large currents in a few microseconds. Power MOSFETs, IGBTs and Thyristor conduct current only in one direction. As indicated in Figure 1 there are two types of waveforms: monophasic or biphasic which is commonly found in magnetic stimulation